Industries

By Aarav Mittal and Nishchay Dhall

Class VIII Confident
 Table of Contents
Factors
Industries affecting The
01 02 Location of and
Industry

Distribution of Quiz
Major Industries 03 04
 Fun Fact
Observed annually on 29 June, World Industrial Design Day
celebrates and recognizes the power of design to strengthen
economic, social, cultural, and environmental development
around the world.
 01
Introduction
 Industries: Backbone
of Economic Progress
▪ Industry is an economic activity under which goods are manufactured.
▪ It comes under the secondary activity in which raw material is manufactured.
▪ Ex.- Clothes are made from the cotton
▪ It is only with the help of Industries that steel is prepared from iron ore,
wires with copper, utensils with aluminium.
▪ Industries increase the economic ulitity of resources by converting raw
materials into useful resources
 Classification of Industries
On the basis of
raw materials

Size of Industries

Ownership
Classification of Industries
 On the Basis of Raw Materials
The availability of raw materials is a major factor in determining the location of industries.
1. Agro-based industries: Industry in which raw material is obtained from agriculture.
Ex. Sugar Industry it is manufactured using Sugracane.
2. Forest-based Industries: Industries in which raw material is obtained from forest products.
Ex.- paper, cardboard, resin, etc.
Forest-based industries can be categorised with agro-based as they are related to Vegetation and
they are together called vegetation-based industries.
3. Mineral-based Industries: Industry in which raw material is obtained from minerals and rocks.
Ex. Manufacture of iron and steel items, utensils, cement machinery are mineral-based industries.
4. Marine-based Industries: Industries which utilise raw materials from seas and oceans.
Ex. Manufacturing of fish oil and processing sea food
 On the basis of Size
1. Large-scale Industries: Industry which are quite
large and large number of employees, are called
the large –scale industries.
Iron and steel, rail coach building, aircraft
building, etc. belong to this category.
2. Small-scale Industries: Manufacturing of paper,
plastic goods, dairy products ,etc. are small-scale
Industries.
They have few employees and small-scale
Industries and India have greater importance,
3. Cottage Industries: Industries run by few people at
few places for making of match-boxes, candles,
mats, toys, etc. and does not require much capital.
 On the Basis of Ownership
1. Public Sector Industries: Industries that are owned and
operated by the government are are called public sector
or state owned industries.
Ex. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Hindustan
Machine tools (HMT), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
(ONGC), etc.
2. Private Sector Industries: Industries under control of an
individual come under the category of Private Sector.
Ex. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), Reliance
Industries, etc.
3. Cooperative Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the
producer or suppliers of raw materials.
Ex, Amul Milk Co-operative Society in Anand (Gujarat)
4. Joint Sector Industries: Owned and run by state
and individuals or group of individuals are called joint sector
industries.
Ex.- Cochin Refineries Limited, etc.
 02
Factors
affecting the
Location of
an Industry
Location of Industries
Physical Factors
Human Factors
 Physical Factors
1. Availability of land: For establishing industries a vast-plain area is required.
2. Availability of Raw Materials are very important for the location of industries, industries like iron
and steel are located where resources are in abundant quantity and it also reduce the cost of
transport.
3. Availability of Power: Power is essential for smooth functioning of the industries.
Coal, electricity and petrol are the sources of power, and are set-up in areas where these sources are
available.
4. Availability of Water: Water is another important factor affecting the location an industry. Ex. Iron
and steel industry cannot be established where there is shortage of water because they need
abundant supply of water/
 Human Factors
1. Capital: The most important requirements for setting up industry are ;and, machinery,
supply of power and raw materials, this needs a huge capital.
2. Labour: Both skilled and unskilled, is required in industries. Industries in urban areas can
easily secure unskilled labour as they are cheap than the skilled labour.
For specialized skills industries are set-up in those areas where there is skilled workforce is
available.
3. Means of Transport: Industries required a good transportation and are set-up in those
areas where these facilities are available because transport is needed to carry raw
materials to the factory.
For Ex. Many industries are located near Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai as they have good
transportation facilities.
4. Location of Market: Location of industry is affected by the location of the market and are
set up near the market so that cost of transport is reduced and the articles reach the market in
time.
Industrial System
 Industrial System
Like Agriculture, industry is a system which requires input.
The inputs are the processes or operations and output or the finished product is obtained.
The various inputs required are raw materials, capital, machine power.
Processing include a set of activities which involves the conversion of raw materials into
finished products.
For Ex. Textile industry system have certain inputs like raw cotton which is the raw material,
transportation costs, salaries to labourers and employees.
The various processes involved in making cloths are making of yarn, spinning, weaving,
knitting and dyeing of cloth. Output is the clothes
 Industrial Regions
● The regions where a no. of industries are located
in close proximity due to its locational
advantage.
● They are close to each other and can share their
benefits of closeness.
● Characteristics of Industrial Regions
● High concentration of factories
● Majority of people are engaged in industrial
activity.
● Good communication and transport facilities.
● Labour supply is easily available.
Major Indian Industrial regions are- Mumbai-Pune,
Kolkata-Hooghly, Bengaluru-Mysore, Tamil Nadu,
Ahemdabad-Vadora, Chhotanagpur, Kanpur-
Lucknow, Kollam-Thiruvanthampuram and Delhi-
Meerut-Gurugram-Faridabad.
Major Industrial regions of
 03
Distribution of
Major
Industries
 Distribution of Major Industries
S.N
Industry Distribution in World Distribution in India
O
Major iron-steel producers include Major centers include
China, the USA, Japan, Russia, Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur,
1 Iron-Steel Industry and South Korea. Bokaro, Rourkela, and
Visakhapatnam.

2 Textile Industry Key countries include South Korea Major textile centers are located
, Japan, Taiwan, India, and in Ahmedabad, Surat, Mumbai,
Turkey. China is the largest textile Madhya Pradesh, Coimbatore,
exporter globally. Ludhiana, and Kanpur.

3 Information Leading nations include the South Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune,

Technology Industry Korea , Japan, Taiwan . Chennai, and New Delhi.
Bengaluru is known as the
"Silicon Valley of India."
 Iron and Steel Industry
● Iron and steel industry requires iron ore, coal, limestone and
manganese as raw materials.
● In order to make steel, iron is first smelted in blast furnace and
then refined.
● Output and uses: The steel produced is the finished product
which is used as a raw material in automobile engineering and
various other industries.
● Steel is a very important raw material for the modern industry.
It is used in the production of tools, machines, automobiles,
drilling machines, pipes, etc.
● Iron and steel industry is located where raw material, power
and water were abundant.
Iron and Steel Industry
● After 1950, the location of the iron and steel industry was
confined to flat plains and near sea ports.
● In India, iron and steel industries are confined to the
Chhotanagpur plateau region due to location advantage like
proximity to the source of raw material, cheap labour, good
transportation system.
● Important iron and steel plants are located in Jamshedpur,
Durgapur, Bhilai, Bokaro and Rourkela.
 Tata Iron and Steel Company,
Jamshedpur
● Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), now (Tata
Steel) was set up in 1907 at Sakchi (renamed as
Jamshedpur), the company was established by Jamshedji
Tata.
● The location of the iron and steel industry at Jamshedpur
has serval locational advantages.
● All the raw materials like iron, coal, limestone and
manganese are available.
● All the things are easily available and labourers from the
states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and Uttar
Pradesh are easily available.
● The development of the iron and steel industry has laid to
the foundation for large-scale industrial development in
India.
● Tata Steel is the fifth largest producer of iron and steel in
the world.
 Fun Fact
Tata Steel's Founder's Day is celebrated on March 3rd every year to
honor the birth anniversary of Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, the
company's founder. The day is celebrated in Jamshedpur, a city named
after Tata by Lord Chelmsford in 1919.
 Pittsburgh
● Pittsburgh is an important centre of iron and steel
industry and Pittsburgh is located in USA.
● Pittsburgh has many location advantages like all the
raw materials such as iron ore and coal is available
locally.
● Rivers like the Ohio, the Monongahela and Allegheny
provide large amounts of water for the iron and steel
plants.
● They are a few large steel mills (industrial plants that
produce steel) in Pittsburgh and are located in the
valleys of the Monongahela and the Alleghemy rivers
along the Ohio river due to locational advantages.
● There are many industries in Pittsburgh besides the
steel plant.
● They use steel as raw material to produce railway
equipment and heavy machinery.