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Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy Explained

The document discusses the concepts of entropy and Gibbs free energy, emphasizing their roles in predicting the spontaneity of chemical reactions. It explains how entropy is a measure of energy dispersal and disorder in a system, and outlines factors affecting entropy such as temperature, phase changes, particle number, and mixing. Additionally, it introduces the Second Law of Thermodynamics and provides guidance on calculating entropy changes and Gibbs free energy to determine reaction feasibility.

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jeffdharma88
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8 views22 pages

Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy Explained

The document discusses the concepts of entropy and Gibbs free energy, emphasizing their roles in predicting the spontaneity of chemical reactions. It explains how entropy is a measure of energy dispersal and disorder in a system, and outlines factors affecting entropy such as temperature, phase changes, particle number, and mixing. Additionally, it introduces the Second Law of Thermodynamics and provides guidance on calculating entropy changes and Gibbs free energy to determine reaction feasibility.

Uploaded by

jeffdharma88
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENTROPY AND

GIBBS FREE
ENERGY
LEARNING OUTCOMES

∆
Explain that entropy, S Predict whether the entropy
Explain the difference in change for a given process
magnitude of entropy is positive or negative

Calculate the entropy change for a State whether a reaction or process will
∆
reaction, S ∆
be spontaneous by using the sign G
Define standard Gibbs free energy Predict the effect of temperature
change of reaction by means of the change on the spontaneity of a
equation reaction
LETS DISCUSS
What is meant by
Entropy?
2ND LAW THERMODYNAMIC
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
states that the state of entropy of the
entire universe, as an isolated system, will
always increase over time. The second
law also states that the changes in the
entropy in the universe can never be
negative.
ENTROPY
Entropy is a measure of the dispersal
of energy at a specific temperature.
Entropy can also be thought of as a
measure of the randomness or
disorder of a system.
Factors affecting the entropy of a system
1 Change in temperature
➤ Entropy increases as temperature increases.

➤ This is because as temperature increases, the molecules or ions


undergo greater vibration (in solids) and more rapid motion (in
liquids and gases) and this reduces their orderliness.
Factors affecting the entropy of a system
2 Change in phase
Factors affecting the entropy of a system
3 Change in number of particles (especially for gaseous systems)
Entropy increases as the number of particles increases and the system becomes
less orderly.

4 Mixing of particles
Mixing process leads to disorder and so, entropy increases.
Entropy increases when two pure gases are mixed and allowed to diffuse into
each other. Their orderliness is reduced as the molecules become randomly
mixed.
Entropy increases when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
PRACTICE
CALCULATING ENTROPY CHANGES

If the total entropy change increases, the entropy change is positive,


the reaction will then occur spontaneously. We say that the reaction is
feasible.
LETS PRACTICE
Calculating the entropy change of the
surroundings

Example
LETS PRACTICE
Calculating total entropy change

Example
LETS PRACTICE
GIBBS FREE ENERGY
Every chemical reaction is
accompanied by a heat (or energy)
change, ΔH, and a redistribution of
matter, ΔS. The combined effects of
these two factors is expressed by the
quantity free energy, G.
GIBBS FREE ENERGY
SPONTANITY OF REACTION
PRACTICES
PRACTICES

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