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Wireless Communication Exam Guide 2024

The document outlines the examination details for the Wireless Communication subject at Gujarat Technological University, including instructions, question formats, and topics covered across multiple semesters. Key areas of focus include WLAN, cellular networks, GSM architecture, handoff processes, and various wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and ZigBee. The exam format consists of multiple questions requiring definitions, comparisons, explanations, and calculations related to wireless communication principles.

Uploaded by

SUTARIYA TULASI
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views10 pages

Wireless Communication Exam Guide 2024

The document outlines the examination details for the Wireless Communication subject at Gujarat Technological University, including instructions, question formats, and topics covered across multiple semesters. Key areas of focus include WLAN, cellular networks, GSM architecture, handoff processes, and various wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and ZigBee. The exam format consists of multiple questions requiring definitions, comparisons, explanations, and calculations related to wireless communication principles.

Uploaded by

SUTARIYA TULASI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code: 3171608 Date:24-05-2024
Subject Name: Wireless Communication
Tim[Link] PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
5.
MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define WLAN. Also explain it with its topology. 03


(b) Compare Wi-Fi and Wi-max technology. 04
(c) Draw a neat sketch of GSM architecture and state the functions 07
of the following: BSC, MSC, VLR, HLR, AUC.

Q.2 (a) Define cellular network. Explain it with its architecture. 03


(b) Explain the concept of frequency reuse in cellular system. 04
(c) What is ZigBee ? Explain in details ZigBee networks. 07
OR
(c) Briefly discuss security threats in wireless network and suggest 07
possible ways of protection.

Q.3 (a) Explain the Frequency diversity techniques briefly. 03


(b) Write short note on: Bluetooth. 04
(c) Explain Free space propagation model with necessary equations. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the Space diversity techniques briefly. 03
(b) Compare different types of propagation models. 04
(c) Describe: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) in detail. 07
Write the equation for efficiency of TDMA and the number of
channels in TDMA system.

Q.4 (a) Explain channel assignment strategies. 03


(b) Define fading. Explain it with its types. 04
(c) Explain the concept of RAKE receiver in CDMA. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Give proper reason of difference between co-channel interference 03
and adjust channel interference.
(b) Explain handoff process and dwell time. 04
(c) Compare TDMA, FDMA and CDMA techniques 07

Q.5 (a) Why we use hexagon shape in cell structure? Give the proper 03
reason.
(b) Write a short note on UWB radio. 04
(c) Draw and explain GSM system architecture. 07

1
OR
Q.5 (a) Define: I-persistent CSMA, non-persistent CSMA, p-persistent 03
CSMA.
(b) Explain Spread Spectrum with its types. 04
(c) Write a short note on OFDM. 07

***********

2
Enrolment No./Seat No_______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE- SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2024
Subject Code:3171608 Date:04-12-2024
Subject Name: Wireless Communication
Tim[Link] AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Describe the Bluetooth technology and its applications in personal area 03
networks.
(b) Define Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and explain its architecture. 04
(c) Explain the significance of each generation in the development of mobile 07
communication systems.

Q.2 (a) Define the channel and co-channel interference reduction factor. 03
(b) Define handoff in cellular communication and discuss its importance in 04
maintaining call quality during mobility.
(c) Consider a cellular network with hexagonal cells arranged in a regular pattern. 07
Each cell has a radius of 5 km. The frequency spectrum allocated for the
network is 100 MHz, and the minimum required S/I ratio is 15 dB for both co-
channel and adjacent interference.
a. Calculate the area covered by each cell in the network. b. Determine the total
number of cells in the network.
c. Calculate the distance to frequency reuse ratio for the given network.

OR
(c) Consider a cellular network deployed in a suburban area. The network uses a 07
hexagonal cell layout with a radius of 3 km. The frequency spectrum allocated
for the network is 50 MHz. The minimum required S/I ratio for co-channel
interference is 18 dB, and for adjacent channel interference, it is 20 dB.
a. Calculate the total number of cells in the network.
b. Determine the distance to frequency reuse ratio for the given network.
c. If the network uses a frequency reuse factor of 4, calculate the channel
bandwidth required for each cell.

Q.3 (a) Define diffraction and scattering in the context of wireless communication. 03
(b) Derive the free space propagation loss equation and discuss the factors 04
affecting it.
(c) Consider a wireless communication system deployed in a suburban area. The 07
system operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The transmit power of the base
station is 40 dBm, and the receiver sensitivity of the mobile device is -100
dBm. The path-loss exponent for the link is 3.2, and the distance between the
base station and the mobile device is 3 km. The antenna gain for both the base
station and the mobile device is 6 dBi.
a. Calculate the free space propagation loss for the given scenario.
b. Determine the path loss using the log-distance path loss model.
c. Calculate the received signal power at the mobile device, considering
antenna gains.

1
OR
Q.3 (a) Define small-scale multipath propagation and explain its impact on signal 03
quality in wireless communication.
(b) Compare and contrast the path-loss characteristics of Non-Line-of-Sight 04
(NLOS) and Line-of-Sight (LOS) wireless communication systems.
(c) Consider a cellular network deployed in a suburban area with hexagonal cells. 07
Each cell has a radius of 4 km. The frequency spectrum allocated for the
network is 800 MHz, and the path loss exponent is 4. The transmit power of
each base station is 30 dBm, and the receiver sensitivity is -100 dBm. Assume
that the system operates in a Line-of-Sight (LOS) environment.
a. Calculate the distance to frequency reuse ratio for the given cellular network.
b. Determine the channel bandwidth required for each cell if the network uses
a frequency reuse factor of 3.
c. Calculate the received signal power at the cell edge assuming no fading
effects.

Q.4 (a) Define spread spectrum and discuss its role in GSM networks. 03
(b) Define soft handoff in CDMA systems and explain how it improves call quality 04
and reliability.
(c) Describe the architecture of a GSM system. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Discuss the steps involved in establishing a call in a GSM network, from the 03
initiation of the call to the connection setup.
(b) Discuss the system architecture of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and 04
its role in enabling packet-switched data transmission in GSM networks.
(c) Discuss the unique features of CDMA systems that distinguish them from other 07
wireless technologies, such as FDMA and TDMA.

Q.5 (a) Compare: Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX Technology. 03


(b) Describe the working of Zigbee in detail. 04
(c) Differentiate: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division 07
Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM), and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols.
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss the key objectives of multiple access techniques and how they enable 03
efficient use of the wireless spectrum.
(b) Explain the concept of forward and reverse channels in CDMA systems and 04
their respective functions.
(c) Identify the common security threats faced by wireless networks, such as 07
eavesdropping, spoofing, and denial of service attacks.

************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3171608 Date: 27/06/2023
Subject Name: Wireless Communication
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) List out various 2G, 2.5G & 3G wireless cellular network technologies. 03
(b) Define following terms: (1) Page, (2) Half-duplex systems, (3) Roamer, (4) 04
Transceiver.
(c) Illustrate TDMA scheme with necessary equations. 07

Q.2 (a) Define following terms: (1) Cluster, (2) Co-channel cells, (3) Dwell time. 03
(b) Write a brief note on various types of hand-off strategies in cellular system. 04
(c) Explain different channel assignment strategies in detail. 07
OR
(c) Prove that for a hexagonal symmetry, the co-channel reuse ratio is given by 07
Q = (3N)1/2. Where, N = i2+ ij + j2.

Q.3 (a) Write down & define each term of the free space propagation path loss equation. 03
(b) A spectrum of 33 MHz is allocated to a wireless FDD cellular system which uses 04
two 25 kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels.
Compute the number of channels available per cell if a system uses (i) 4-cell
reuse (ii) 7-cell reuse and (iii) 12-cell reuse.
(c) Mention the techniques to improve the capacity in cellular system and explain 07
any one in detail with suitable diagram.
OR
Q.3 (a) Illustrate the concept of diffraction. 03
(b) List out various outdoor propagation models & explain any one in brief. 04
(c) List out various types of diversity techniques and explain each one of them in 07
brief.

Q.4 (a) Explain in brief handover in GSM system. 03


(b) How authentication & security is achieved in GSM system? Explain in brief. 04
(c) Explain in detail the GSM system architecture using suitable diagram. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain in brief soft handoff procedure in CDMA system. 03
(b) Draw & explain in brief architecture of IS-95 CDMA system. 04
(c) List out various CSMA protocols and explain any one strategy in brief. 07

Q.5 (a) Compare Wi-Fi with WiMAX. 03


(b) Write a brief note on Software Defined Radio. 04
(c) Write a detailed note on UWB radio technology. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) What is Wireless Local Loop technology? Explain in brief. 03
(b) Explain in detail ZigBee networks using suitable diagrams. 04
(c) Write a short note on GPRS system architecture. 07
*************
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3171608 Date:12-12-2023
Subject Name: Wireless Communication
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Q.1 (a) Explain Piconet and Scatternet 03


(b) Explain S/I ratio 04
(c) Explain the GSM Architecture 07

Q.2 (a) Write a short Note: Bluetooth protocol stack 03


(b) Explain Handoff 04
(c) Explain the Evolution of Mobile Communication 07
OR
(c) Draw and explain the GPRS transmission plane protocol model 07

Q.3 (a) Define IMSI, IMEI and MSISDN 03


(b) Differentiate: CDMA technology and GSM technology 04
(c) Explain Hexagonal geometry cell and concept of frequency reuse, 07
OR
Q.3 (a) What are the advantages of WLAN. 03
(b) Differentiate NLOS and LOS systems 04
(c) Differentiate TDMA, FDMA and CDMA 07

Q.4 (a) Explain the Small scale multipath propagation. 03


(b) Discuss the network elements in GPRS that are different from GSM. 04
Also discuss limitations of GPRS
(c) Write Short note on : ZigBee Networks 07
OR
Q.4 (a) What is Micro cell zone concept? 03
(b) Compare and contrast WiMAX and WiFi technologies 04
(c) What is wave propagation? Discuss various modes of propagation with 07
example

Q.5 (a) What is Wireless Adhoc Network 03


(b) Explain Voice and Data Routing in GPRS with proper diagram. 04
(c) Explain CDMA2000 cellular technology 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain L2CAP protocol of Bluetooth. 03
(b) Explain the power saving states of Bluetooth device 04
(c) Write Short note on Security issues and challenges in a Wireless network. 07

*************

1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2022
Subject Code:3171608 Date:01/06/2022
Subject Name:Wireless Communication
Tim[Link] PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are alloweds.

Q.1 (a) Why hexagonal cell shape is preferred in cellular architecture? 03


(b) Explain the concept of frequency reuse in cellular system 04
(c) Draw and Explain GSM system architecture. 07
Q.2 (a) Explain the concept of umbrella cell. 03
(b) Compare Wi-Fi and Wi-max technology. 04
(c) With the help of a neat sketch, describe GPRS architecture. 07
OR
(c) Briefly explain knife-edge diffraction model. 07
Q.3 (a) Define: (1) Control Channel 03
(2) Dwell time
(3) Full Duplex Systems
(b) Write short note on: Bluetooth. 04
(c) Discuss the fixed channel allocation, Channel borrowing and 07
dynamic channel allocation techniques in cellular systems.
OR
Q.3 (a) Briefly describe Hand-off strategies in cellular system. 03
(b) Compare TDMA, FDMA and CDMA techniques. 04
(c) Explain the hidden-node problem and exposed-node problem in 07
context of mobile ad-hoc networks.
Q.4 (a) Explain channel assignment strategies. 03
(b) Discuss the concept of spread spectrum. 04
(c) Explain the working of UWB radio. Discuss the features, 07
advantages and disadvantages of UWB technology.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain: I-persistent CSMA, non-persistent CSMA, 03
P-persistent CSMA.
(b) Explain wireless Ad-Hoc network. 04
(c) Describe the various outdoor propagation models. 07
Q.5 (a) Explain briefly how a RAKE receiver improves the received signal 03
strength.
(b) Mention the techniques to improve the capacity in cellular system 04
and explain any one.
(c) Write a short note on OFDM. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) List the security issues of wireless networks. 03
(b) Write a short note on software defined radio. 04
(c) Explain Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) in wireless 07
communication with figure.
************

1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3171608 Date:03-01-2023
Subject Name:Wireless Communication
Tim[Link] AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define Cellular network. Explain it with its architecture. 03
(b) Explain any three different type of generation (1G to 5G) used in 04
wireless system with its advantages and disadvantages.
(c) Illustration of how 120 degree sectoring reduces interference from co- 07
channel cells. Out of the 6 co-channel cells in the first tier, only 2 of
them interfere with the center cell. If Omni-directional antennas were
used at each base station, all 6 co-channel cells would interfere with the
center cell.

Q.2 (a) Define WLAN. Also explain it with its topology. 03


(b) How many types of techniques used in WLL? Explain. 04
(c) Design 802.11 architecture of an infrastructure network. 07
OR
(c) Design 802.11 architecture of an ad-hoc network. 07

Q.3 (a) Why we use hexagon shape in cell structure? Give the proper reason. 03
(b) Clarify how we increase cluster size and cell capacity in cellular 04
network.
(c) What is frequency reuse? Explain it with proper figure. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Give proper reason of difference between co-channel interference and 03
adjust channel interference.
(b) Explain handoff process and dwell time. 04
(c) Explain concept of co-channel cells with its geometry. 07

Q.4 (a) Define Radio Propagation. Explain Path- loss of NLOS and LOS 03
systems.
(b) What is CSMA Protocols? Explain briefly. 04
(c) Explain TDMA and CDMA with example. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Define fading. Explain it with its types. 03
(b) Define Multiple Access Techniques. Compare it. 04
(c) Explain FDMA and OFDM with example. 07

Q.5 (a) Define Wi-Fi, WiMAX and ZigBee Networks. 03


(b) Briefly explain different types of propagation models. 04
(c) Define GSM. Explain it with its architecture. 07

1
OR
Q.5 (a) Define Wireless Adhoc Network and Mobile Portability? Explain 03
briefly.
(b) Explain Spread Spectrum with its types. 04
(c) Define GPRS. Explain it with its architecture. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2021
Subject Code:3171608 Date:10/12/2021
Subject Name:Wireless Communication
Tim[Link] AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) What is Wireless Communication? Also Explain the Types of 03
Wireless Communication.
(b) Explain the Difference between Wired and Wireless 04
Communication.
(c) Explain the Evolution of Mobile Communication. 07

Q.2 (a) What is Wi-Fi? 03


(b) Explain the CSMA Protocols in Detail. 04
(c) Write a Short notes.1) TDMA 2) CDMA 07
OR
(c) Write a Short notes.1) FDMA 2) OFDM 07

Q.3 (a) Explain the Wireless Protocol. 03


(b) What is Soft Handoff in Wireless Systems? 04
(c) Explain the GSM Architecture. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the Difference LAN and WLAN. 03
(b) Explain the Indoor and outdoor propagation models. 04
(c) Explain the GPRS Architecture. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain the CDMA features. (Any Four) 03


(b) Write Short Note: ZigBee Networks 04
(c) Explain the Authentication and security in GSM 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Write Short Note : Hand Over 03
(b) Explain the Security issues and challenges in a Wireless network. 04
(c) What is UWB Radio? Explain in Detail. 07

Q.5 (a) Write a short Note : Bluetooth 03


(b) Write a short Note : Personal Area Network 04
(c) Explain the Wireless Ad Hoc Network and Mobile Portability. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain the Small scale multipath propagation. 03
(b) Explain the cell Splitting and cell sectorization. 04
(c) Explain Hexagonal geometry cell and concept of frequency reuse, 07

*************

Common questions

Powered by AI

TDMA allocates time slots to multiple users within the same frequency channel, allowing sequential rather than simultaneous usage . It is efficient in terms of bandwidth but can result in delays. FDMA assigns distinct frequency bands to users, enabling simultaneous usage. However, it requires wider bandwidths and is less spectrally efficient . CDMA allows multiple users to occupy the same frequency band with unique code sequences, offering high capacity and resistance to interference . However, CDMA complexity and power control requirements are significant limitations.

Frequency reuse is a fundamental concept that allows cellular networks to maximize the use of their limited frequency spectrum. It involves partitioning the entire area of service into cells, each of which reuses the same frequency bands. This enables multiple calls to occur simultaneously within different cells without interference, provided they are spaced far enough apart to avoid co-channel interference . The primary challenge is managing interference between cells using the same frequencies. By carefully planning the arrangement of cells and controlling their transmission power, the impact of interference can be minimized .

The hexagonal cell structure is preferred in cellular networks due to its ability to efficiently cover an area without gaps or overlaps, optimizing frequency reuse and network capacity . Unlike circular or square cells, hexagons maintain consistent distance between cell centers, minimizing co-channel interference. This geometry simplifies handoff processes and enhances signal coverage uniformity . However, implementing this structure requires careful planning and precise antenna alignment to fully exploit the geometric advantages and maintain high-quality service.

Sectoring reduces interference by dividing a cell into several sectors (typically three or six), with each sector using a directional antenna to focus frequency signals in specific directions, thus limiting the interference from co-channel cells . This improves frequency reuse and capacity. However, sectoring increases the complexity and cost of the network infrastructure, as more antennas and base station equipment are required . Proper alignment and maintenance are critical to achieving the desired reduction in interference.

2G introduced digital voice encoding and SMS capabilities, using TDMA and CDMA technologies for improved spectrum efficiency over 1G analog systems . 3G brought significant advancements with higher data rates and internet capabilities through UMTS/HSPA. 4G further enhanced data capacity, speed, and reduced latency, utilizing technologies like LTE. 5G is currently expanding on these capabilities with extremely low latency, higher capacity for IoT, and faster data throughput using technologies like massive MIMO and millimeter waves . Each generation represents a leap in capability, enabling new services and applications.

Wireless networks face security threats such as eavesdropping, spoofing, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks . Eavesdropping involves intercepting communications, which can be mitigated through robust encryption and secure key management practices. Spoofing can be countered by employing strong authentication protocols. DoS attacks often require anomaly detection and traffic filtering mechanisms to prevent service disruptions. Employing end-to-end security and maintaining updated, secured protocols are essential defenses against these threats .

Handoff processes are critical in maintaining seamless communication as users move between cells, ensuring calls remain uninterrupted. They manage the transition of a mobile signal from one cell base station to another, maintaining high network quality . Challenges include minimizing dropped calls and handoff latency, especially as network demand grows. Implementing advanced techniques, like soft handoffs in CDMA, can improve reliability but require precise coordination and increased network complexity . Effective handoff management ensures sustained service quality and user satisfaction.

Propagation models for LOS conditions typically assume a direct path between the transmitter and receiver, resulting in minimal signal degradation except for distance-related path loss. In contrast, NLOS models account for obstructions like buildings or natural topography, leading to higher attenuation and signal scattering . LOS propagation generally provides stronger and more reliable signals than NLOS, where signals may suffer additional attenuation and delayed reflection effects. These differences significantly impact network planning and performance, especially in urban environments where NLOS conditions are prevalent .

RAKE receivers in CDMA systems exploit multipath propagation by combining signals received from different paths to improve signal quality and strength . They correlate the received signal with known time-delayed versions of the transmitted code to recover symbols from numerous paths. This technique enhances signal-to-noise ratio and improves data decoding accuracy, especially in environments with significant multipath effects . RAKE receivers effectively mitigate signal fading and offer robustness against interference, significantly enhancing overall system performance.

In GSM architecture, the Base Station Controller (BSC) manages radio resources and handovers. The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) coordinates call setup and routing between mobile devices and the public switched telephone network. The Visitor Location Register (VLR) temporarily stores data about subscribers currently within the MSC's region. The Home Location Register (HLR) is a permanent database of subscriber information. The Authentication Center (AUC) secures network access by validating user identities . Each component plays a crucial part in ensuring reliable communication and management of mobile services.

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