Preface
Contents
1. Introduction to materials development
2. Biomaterials definition
3. Biomaterials properties
4. Classification of Biomaterials
5. Historical background
6. Biomaterials applications
1. Introduction to materials development
To meet the needs of our modern and complex society, tens of thousands
of different materials have evolved with specialized characteristics for over
approximately the past 100 years. These include metals, plastics, glasses,
fibers,…
1. Introduction to materials development
Shape Memory Alloy
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1. Introduction to materials development
A Stimuli-Responsive Nanocomposite for 3D Anisotropic Cell-Guidance
and Magnetic Soft Robotics
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1. Introduction to materials development
4D printing
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1. Introduction to materials development
After attached ~10 min
Adhesive force
P(BAL-co-DMSA)/Ca2+(1.2-1.5)/0.1
Lap shear adhesion test
hydrogel
Self-healing hydrogels
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2. Biomaterials definition
Any substance (other than drugs) or combination of substances synthetic,
semi-synthetic or natural which can be used for any period of time, as a
whole or as a part of a system which treats, augments, or replaces any
tissues, organ, or function of the body
The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering.
Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue
engineering and materials science.
2. Biomaterials definition
- A systemically and pharmacologically inert substance designed for
implantation within or incorporation with living systems.
- A nonviable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with
biological systems.
Branch of medicine related to artificial body parts
- Materials of synthetic as well as of natural origin in contact with tissue,
blood, and biological fluids, and intended for use for prosthetic,
diagnostic, therapeutic, and storage applications without adversely
affecting the living organism and its components
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2. Biomaterials definition
ATTENTION!!!! A biomaterial is DIFFERENT from a biological
material, such as bone, that is produced by a BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM.
3. Biomaterials properties
Biocompatible
• Able to perform within appropriate host response without
having toxic or injurious effects on biological system.
Adequate mechanical performance
• Has appropriate mechanical performance suitable for its
applications.
Application design
• Structure design and selection of materials are compatible
with its area of application
Repeatable fabrication
• Relatively inexpensive, reproducible, easy to fabricate and
process for large-scale production
4. Classification of Biomaterials
Metals:
• Strong, ductile
• High thermal & electrical
conductivity
• Opaque, reflective
Polymers/plastics:
• Covalent bonding sharing of
electrons
• Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
• Thermal & electrical insulators
• Optically translucent or transparent
Ceramics: compounds of metallic & non-metallic
elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
• Brittle, glassy, elastic
• Non-conducting (insulators)
4. Classification of Biomaterials
Composite: Combination of two materials with
different physical and chemical properties that will
produces different properties from its original parent.
Metal + Polymer
Metal + Ceramic
Polymer + Ceramic
Polymer + Polymer
Ceramic + Ceramic
but
Metal + Metal Commonly known as Alloy
Composite
5. Historical background
- The use of biomaterials did not become practical until the advent of an
aseptic surgical technique developed by Dr. J. Lister in the 1860’s
carbolic acid (now known as phenol)
Polymethyl methacrylate
6. Biomaterials applications
Skeletal System – Implants
Joint replacement
• Purpose: To replace
dysfunctional/damaged joint organs
• Materials: Titanium (Ti) & its alloys,
Hip implant stainless steel (SS) & its alloys,
Knee implant polyethylene (PE), UHMWPE, etc
• Required property: Able to withstand
high load bearing, bioactive, light-weight
Shoulder implant Ankle implant
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Replacement-Devices/
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6. Biomaterials applications
Skeletal System - Bone scaffold
Bone scaffold & cement
• Purpose: To graft and fill missing bone and to guide
osseo integration on implant
• Materials: Calcium phosphate (CaP), poly(methyl
Bone cement methacrylate) (PMMA), acrylate, etc
• Required property: Biodegradable, bioactive
Bone scaffold
[Link]/images/products/bone-cement/
Castilho et al., "Fabrication of computationally designed scaffolds by low temperature 3D
printing," Biofabrication, vol. 5, pp. 1-13, 2013
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6. Biomaterials applications
Skeletal System - Bone screw and plate
Bone plate
Bone
screw
Bone plate:
• Purpose: To hold and to assist remodeling of two
broken/fractured bones
• Materials: Ti & its alloys, SS & its alloys, cobalt-
chromium (Co-Cr) & its alloys, etc
• Required property: Able to withstand load bearing
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6. Biomaterials applications
Oral System - Dental implant
Dental implant
• Purpose: To hold artificial tooth in replacing dysfunctional/damaged tooth
• Materials: Ti & its alloys, SS & its alloys, alumina & its alloys, etc
• Required property: Able to withstand high occlusion load, bioactive,
antibacterial
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6. Biomaterials applications
Oral System- GBR membrane
Guided bone & tissue
Regeneration membrane
• Purpose: To be the barrier between crestal bone and gingivae for bone
tissues regeneration
• Materials: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), CaP, etc
• Required property: Biodegradable, bioactive, flexible
GBR membrane
Bone regeneration
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6. Biomaterials applications
Cardiovascular System - Heart Valve
Heart valve
• Purpose: To replace dysfunctional/damaged heart valve
• Materials: SS & its alloys, carbon, reprocessed tissues, etc
• Required property: Flexible, able to reduce immunologic reactivity, tough
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blood-thining-requirements-for-heart-valve-patients/
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6. Biomaterials applications
Cardiovascular System Catheter
• Materials: Silicon rubber,
Teflon, nylon, polyurethane
(PU), latex, etc
• Required property:
Flexible, hydrophobic
Pacemaker
Pacemaker casing
• Materials: Ti & its alloys,
SS & its alloys, etc
• Required property: Light-
weight, anti-corrode
[Link]
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6. Biomaterials applications
Organs
Artificial heart Artificial kidney
• Purpose: To replace • Purpose: To replace
dysfunctional/damaged heart dysfunctional/damaged kidney
• Materials: Polyurethane • Materials: Cellulose, polyacrylonitrile
[Link] heart
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6. Biomaterials applications
Organs
Artificial Skin
• Purpose: For skin grafting and to induce regeneration of skin
• Materials: Silicone-collagen composite
• Required property: Flexible, low stiffness, biodegradable
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6. Biomaterials applications
Senses
Cochlear implant Contact lense
• Purpose: To • Purpose: To improve or correct human vision
replacedysfunctional/damaged cochlear • Materials: Silicone-acrylate
• Materials: Platinum electrodes • Hydrogel
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Questions?