2025 Mathematics Mid Term Exam Questions
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kmadeshgowda1202025 Mathematics Mid Term Exam Questions
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Powered by AITo find the number of terms \(n\) needed for the sum \(S_n\) in an arithmetic progression, use \(S_n = \frac{n}{2}(2a + (n-1)d)\). Given a sequence like \(24, 21, 18, \ldots\), and finding terms until the sum is 78, set the equation \(78 = \frac{n}{2}(48 - 3(n-1))\). Simplifying leads to \(78 = 24n - 1.5n(n-1)\), solving results in \(n = 6\), meaning 6 terms are needed to reach the sum .
To determine if a number is in an arithmetic progression, use the formula for the nth term \(a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d\), where \(a_1\) is the first term and \(d\) is the common difference. For the sequence 1, 5, 9,..., \(a_1 = 1\) and \(d = 4\). Solve \(77 = 1 + (n-1) 4\) to find \(n\). Simplifying, we get \(77 = 1 + 4n - 4\) leading to \(4n = 80\), thus \(n = 20\). Therefore, 77 is the 20th term of this sequence .
To prove that \(\sqrt{2}\) is irrational, assume it is rational and express it as \(a/b\) where \(a\) and \(b\) have no common factors other than 1. Then \(\sqrt{2} = a/b\) implies \(a^2 = 2b^2\). Thus \(a^2\) is even, so \(a\) must be even. Substitute \(a = 2k\) into the equation to get \((2k)^2 = 2b^2\) or \(4k^2 = 2b^2\), leading to \(b^2 = 2k^2\). Therefore, \(b\) is also even, contradicting that they have no common factors. Hence, \(\sqrt{2}\) is irrational .
For a quadratic equation \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\), the sum and product of its roots \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are given by Vieta's formulas: \(\alpha + \beta = -b/a\) and \(\alpha\beta = c/a\). To form a polynomial given the sum and product of roots, use \(x^2 - (\alpha + \beta)x + \alpha\beta = 0\). For example, if the sum is 5 and the product is 6, the polynomial is \(x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0\).
The discriminant \(D\) of a quadratic equation \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) is \(b^2 - 4ac\). If \(D > 0\), roots are real and distinct; if \(D = 0\), roots are real and equal; and if \(D < 0\), roots are complex. For \(x^2 - 4x + 4 = 0\), \(D = 4^2 - 4\times1\times4 = 0\), indicating two equal real roots, in this case both are \(2\).
The elimination method involves algebraically manipulating two linear equations to eliminate one variable, allowing for the solution of the other. For example, if resources allocation is described by the equations \(3x + 2y = 700\) and \(x + y = 100\), multiply the second equation to align a coefficient, e.g., \(2(x + y = 100)\) results in \(2x + 2y = 200\). Subtracting this from the first gives \(x = 250\), allowing substitution back to find \(y\).
To prove that two triangles are similar by angles and sides, we use the condition that corresponding angles must be equal, and corresponding sides must be in proportion. For instance, if \( \angle A = \angle P \), \( \angle B = \angle Q \), and \( \angle C = \angle R \), and if \( \frac{AB}{PQ} = \frac{BC}{QR} = \frac{CA}{RP} \), then \( \triangle ABC \sim \triangle PQR \). This similarity statement demonstrates that the triangles have proportional sides and identical angles. Therefore, they are similar .
To factor a quadratic equation, express it in the form \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\). Then, find two numbers that multiply to \(ac\) and add to \(b\). Rewrite \(bx\) using these numbers, split the middle term, and factor by grouping. For example, in \(x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0\), the factors of 6 that add to -5 are -2 and -3. Thus \(x^2 - 2x - 3x + 6\), group as \((x(x-2) - 3(x-2))\), yielding \((x-3)(x-2)\), roots are \(x = 3\), \(x = 2\).
The degree of a polynomial is the highest power of the variable in the polynomial expression. For example, in the polynomial \(5x^3 + 4x^2 + x + 7\), the degree is 3, because the highest power of \(x\) is 3 .
The relationship between the highest common factor (HCF) and the least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers \(a\) and \(b\) is given by the equation \( \text{LCM}(a, b) \times \text{HCF}(a, b) = a \times b \). For instance, for the numbers 510 and 92, calculate the prime factorization, get \( \text{HCF} = 2 \) and \( \text{LCM} = 23460 \). Verifying, \(2 \times 23460 = 510 \times 92\).