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Dynamic Modeling in Chemical Processes

This document outlines the principles of dynamic modeling for chemical processes, focusing on how various process variables respond to changes over time. It emphasizes the importance of dynamic models for understanding processes, training personnel, optimizing conditions, and ensuring safety. The block is structured into three parts: unsteady state balances on unit operations, unsteady state heat transfer, and unsteady state mass transfer.

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11 views6 pages

Dynamic Modeling in Chemical Processes

This document outlines the principles of dynamic modeling for chemical processes, focusing on how various process variables respond to changes over time. It emphasizes the importance of dynamic models for understanding processes, training personnel, optimizing conditions, and ensuring safety. The block is structured into three parts: unsteady state balances on unit operations, unsteady state heat transfer, and unsteady state mass transfer.

Uploaded by

nonkululekomoya26
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Block 1 (System

CHE3007S Dynamics)
2025
Adeniyi Isafiade
INTRODUCTION
This block entails understanding the principles involved in setting up dynamic (unsteady state or
transient) models for chemical processes.

The first part of this block will lay the foundation for the process control block

In this block, we want to study how variables respond (i.e. change with time) when one (or more)
other variable(s) change with time.
KAW
Tak
Variables that may change include:
as IP Temp
with
•
•
Temperature – e.g. reactor heating or cooling
Liquid level – e.g. tank draining [Link] gin ten
• Concentration – e.g. changes in solute concentration, continually pouring salt solution into
tank of pure water
• Pressure – e.g. pressure changes in a pipeline
•
•
Flowrate – e.g. changes in flow into a tank or reactor
etc output 2
n
• In this block, and in the process control block, we will develop transient/dynamic/unsteady state
models of chemical processes and systems based on physical and chemical principles

• The development will be from first principles using the conservation laws

state models
noun
Why do we need dynamic models? steady

• To gain better understanding of a process T changes seasonally

• Train plant operating personnel

• Simulate system responses to disturbance and then develop control strategy to eliminate or
reduce the impact of the disturbance.
does
how long
• Optimize process operating conditions capture happens or spread
it take to empty
• Safety and risk management – Design safer systems and plan for contingencies, start-up and
shutdown. 3
helps determine position
• Types of models:

- Theoretical models to simulate and manage


file - Empirical models

- Semi-empirical modelsTamistry
optimisation
risks
combination physices

• A process model is a mathematical representation of a real process

• Models involving both spatial and time variation of process variables result in partial differential
equations.

4
• Process models often include constitutive equations which are algebraic such as

- Heat transfer 𝑄𝑄 = ℎ𝐴𝐴 ∆𝑇𝑇

- Chemical reaction rate 𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴 = 𝑘𝑘0 𝑒𝑒 −𝐸𝐸/𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴

- Equation of state 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑇𝑇

1/2
- Fluid flow 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑃𝑃/𝜌𝜌

- Phase equilibrium 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 = 𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖

Note:
damn
• Study the whole of chapter 2 in the prescribed textbook, Process Dynamics and Control by
Seborg et al.

• See systematic approach for developing dynamic models in Table 2.1 of Seborg et al. 5
The dynamics systems block is divided into three sections:

• Part 1: UNSTEADY STATE BALANCES ON UNIT OPERATIONS/PROCESSES

• Part 2: UNSTEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER

• Part 3: UNSTEADY STATE MASS TRANSFER

Note that these three sections are still connected one way or the other

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