Table of Contents

Units Pg.

1. Whole Numbers
Chapter 1: Learning Numbers 0 to 9
Chapter 2: Working with Numbers up to 100
Chapter 3: Number Order and Position
2. Number Operations
Chapter 1: Addition
Chapter 2: Subtraction

3. Measurement
Chapter 1: Length
Chapter 2: Mass

4. Money

5. Time

6. Geometry

Glossary

Answer Keys

Unit: 1 Whole Numbers

Chapter 1: Learning Numbers 0 to 9
 Students Learning
Outcomes
Numbers 0 – 9
1. Identify numbers 1-9. 6. Count forward and backward

2. Identify 0 as a number. up to 9.

3. Read numbers up to 9 in 7. Arrange numbers in

numerals and in words. ascending and descending

4. Write numbers up to 9 in order (up to 9).

numerals and in words. 8. Identify which number (up to

5. Count objects up to 9 and 9) comes:

represent in numerals. i. Before and after a given

number.
Between the two given numbers.

Introduction: Hello, little mathematicians! Welcome to the wonderful world

of numbers. Numbers are everywhere! How many fingers do you have? How
many toys are in your bag? In this chapter, we will meet our first number
friends, from 0 to 9. We will learn how to spot them, read them, write them,
and count on them. Let's get ready for a fun number adventure!

 count

 digit

 number

 identify

Vocabular
Numbers y 0–9
Numbers are used to tell how many things we have. Let’s start by counting
from 1 to 9 using objetcs.
Counting 1 to 9: Count the objects and read the number.

Real-Life Relevance
Counting is part of your day! You can count snacks, pets, or even the buttons
on your shirt. Knowing zero helps when there’s nothing left, like an empty
cookie jar.
Activity: Teacher will divide the class into groups and provide number
cards 0 - 9 to each group and encourage students to arrange them in
order.
Introduction to Zero (0)
Concept of Zero (0): Zero is a special number that means “nothing”, “nil”
or “none.” It represents no amount or no objects. Imagine having no toys to
play with or no cookies to eat. That’s what zero means! It is represented by
0.
For example:
If there are no stars in the sky
during daytime, we say there are 0
stars.

If you have 3 oranges and add zero

oranges to that, you still have 3
oranges.

- Each set shows a situation with '0'.

2–2= 3–
3=

6–6= 4–4
=

Math Spotlight: When zero is used as ones with any number: It

increases the value of the numbers.
Example: T O
10

Real-Life Relevance: Lost Toy: If you can’t find your toy under the bed,
there are zero toys there.
Activity: Teacher will show spindle box to the students, he/she will
count and place the wooden spindles with each number. The box in front
of 0 remains empty. He/she will tell students that zero means nothing.

Numbers in Numerals and Words

Q.1 Count each set of objects and write the numbers in numerals
and in words.

Zer 0
o
On 1
e
Q.2 Match the number with its name.
0 Eight 1 Nine
5 Five 3 Four
7 Zero 9 One
6 Seven 2 Three
8 Six 4 Two
Forward and Backward Counting up to 9
Forward counting means adding 1 each time and moving to the next
number.

I start with 2 and count forward to 5.

We are moving forward by adding 1 to each number.

Backward counting means subtracting 1 each time and moving to the

previous number.

I start with 5 and count backward to 2.

We are moving backward by subtracting 1 to each

number.

Q.2 Complete the following.

Q.3 Connect the numbers from 10 to draw the star path.

Ascending and Descending Order

What does "Order" mean?
Ordering numbers means putting them in the correct sequence — either
from smallest to biggest or biggest to smallest.
Ascending Order means the Descending Order means the
numbers go up — from smallest to numbers go down — from biggest
biggest. Like climbing stairs! to smallest.
Example: Like coming down a slide!
2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Example:
10, 8, 6, 4, 2

Let’s Practice!
Q.1 Order the blocks given below.
In Ascending Order _________ , __________ , __________ , __________ , __________

In Descending Order __________ , __________ , __________ , __________ ,

__________

Q.2 Draw a line to match the group with the correct order.

Numbers Order Type

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 🔽 Descending

10, 8, 6, 4, 2 🔼 Ascending

2, 4, 6, 8, 10 🔼 Ascending

7, 5, 3, 1 🔽 Descending

Activity. Let’s Play!

1. Join the numbers in order from the smallest to the greatest.

2. Write the numbers in descending order.

 Before, After, and Between Numbers

Q.1 Write the number before the given number.

Q.2 Write the number after the given number.

Q.3 Write the number between the given numbers.

Activity! Write the missing numbers.

Chapter Puzzle: Fun in the Park!

Look at this happy picture of a park.

Can you find and count all the hidden things? Write the correct number in
the box next to each picture.
How many of each can you find?
 Picture How Many?

☀️(Suns)

🦋 (Butterflies)

🌸 (Flowers)

🌳 (Trees)

Key Points
Great job, number champions! You've learned so much in this chapter. Let's
remember the key things we can now do:
 We can recognize, read, and write all the numbers from 0 to 9, both as
numerals (like 5) and in words (like five).
 We can count a group of objects up to 9.
 We can count forwards (1, 2, 3...) and backwards (9, 8, 7...).
 We can arrange numbers in order from smallest to largest (ascending)
and largest to smallest (descending).
 We can easily find the number that comes before, after, or between
other numbers.

Check Point 1
Q.1: Count the objects in each box and write the number.
Q.2: Write the number that comes before, after, or between.
a) Before 6 is _____. b) After 8 is _____.
c) Between 2 and 4 is _____. d) _____, 5, 6.
Q.3: Write the following numbers in words.

a) 5: ___________________ b) 9: ___________________
c) 3: ___________________ d) 0: ___________________
e) 8: ___________________ f) 7: ___________________
Q.4: Arrange these numbers in;
Ascending (smallest to biggest) and Descending (biggest to
smallest) order.
Numbers: 7, 2, 9, 1, 5
Ascending: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____
Descending: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____
Q.5: Fill in the missing number going forward and backwards.

Chapter 2: Working with Numbers up to 100

 Students Learning
Outcomes
Numbers up to 100 7. Identify and write missing
1. Identify 10 as a 2-digit number. numbers in a sequence from 1 to
2. Identify the place value of the 100.
specific digit in a 2-digit 8. Compare 1-digit and 2-digit
number. numbers.
3. Decompose a number up to 99 9. Order the set of numbers from 0
to identify the value of a to 99 in ascending and
number in tens and ones place. descending order.
4. Read numbers up to 99. 10. Identify which number (up to
5. Write numbers up to 99 in 99) comes:
numerals and words.  Before and after a given
6. Recognize 100 as a 3-digit number.
number.  Between two given numbers.
11. Count in tens.
12. Count forward and backward
up to 99.

Introduction: Hello, young mathematicians! You've become experts with

numbers up to 9. Are you ready for an even bigger adventure?
In this chapter, we will journey into the exciting world of two-digit numbers,
going all the way up to the amazing number 100! We'll discover the secret
places where numbers live, called tens and ones. You will learn how to read,
write, and compare these bigger numbers. We will also practice counting
forward, backward, and in groups of ten. Let's get ready to explore the big
world of numbers!

 2-  
digit Before Ascending
numbe
r
  After 
Place Descendin
Value g
 Tens  
Betwee Sequence
 Vocabular
2-digit Number – 10 y
Ten means one set of 10 things.
Example: (Two hands = 10 fingers)

If one more circle is added to 9 circles, we make 10 circles.

9 circles and 1 circle make 10 circles

We write ten as 10. But the Ones place can only hold up to 9 circles. So,
when we get 10 circles, we cannot keep them all in the Ones place.
We trade 10 circles for 1 big circle of ten.
This is how we make number 10.

10 ones make 1 Ten

Math Insight: 10 is the 1st 2-digit number. It has:

 1 group of ten.
 0 ones.
Activity!
Colour exactly 8 Balloons.
 Place Value of 2-digit Number (Tens & Ones)
Place value tells us the value of a digit based on its position in a number.
Examples:

Number = 45

Number = 33
We can also know the value of a number by arranging it in groups of 10.
For Example:

1 ten 5 ones
I have a bundle of ten blocks and 5 more blocks.
1 ten + 5 ones = 15

Q. Look at each number and the highlighted digit. Colour the correct
place
value: Tens or Ones.
Let’s Practice!
Q.1 Complete.

_________ tens ________ ones = __________

_________ tens ________ ones = __________

_________ tens ________ ones =

__________
 _________ tens ________ ones =

__________

Q.2 Complete.
a) 9 tens 6 ones = _________ b) 8 tens 4 ones = _________

c) 5 tens 7 ones = _________ d) 7 tens 9 ones = _________

e) 3 tens 6 ones = _________ f) 2 tens 0 ones = _________

g) 1 tens 8 ones = _________ h) 4 tens 4 ones = _________

Numbers 0 – 99

Read the numbers 0 – 99.

Let’s Practice!

Q. Write the number sequence.

a. Number in numerals 1 – 50
b. Number in numerals 51 – 99

Q.1 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
The first one
 is done for you.
🔘 = 1 and 🧮 = 10

Visual Numerals Words

🔘 1
One
🔘🔘

🔘🔘🔘

🔘🔘🔘🔘

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

six
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

seven
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

eight
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

nine
🧮 10
ten
Q.2 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.

Visual Numeral Word

🧮
🔘 11
🧮
🔘🔘

🧮
🔘🔘🔘

🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 sixteen
🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 sevente
en
 🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 eighteen
🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 nineteen
🧮🧮

20 twenty
Q.3 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.

Visual Numera Words

ls
🧮🧮
🔘 21 twenty-
one
🧮🧮
🔘🔘

🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘 twenty-
three
 🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 twenty-
five
🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 twenty-
seven
🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 twenty-
nine
🧮🧮🧮

30 thirty
Q.4 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮
🔘 31 thirty-one
🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 thirty-
 eight
🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 thirty-
nine
🧮🧮🧮🧮

40 Forty

Q.5 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘 41 forty-one
🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘
 🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 forty-six
🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

50 Fifty
Q.6 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Match the numbers to the correct number names.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘 51 fifty-four
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘 52 fifty-
 seven
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘 53 fifty-eight
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘 54 fifty-one
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 55 fifty-nine
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 56 sixty
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 57 fifty-two
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 58 fifty-three
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 59 fifty-five
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

60 fifty-six
Q.7 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Match the numbers to the correct number names.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘 71 eighty
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘 72 seventy-
six
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘 73 seventy-
eight
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘 74 seventy-
seven
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 75 seventy-
nine
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 76 seventy-
two
 🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 77 seventy-
four
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 78 seventy-
three
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 79 seventy-
five
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

80 seventy-
one
Q.8 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Match the numbers to the correct number names.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘 81 eighty-
 five
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘 82 eighty-
four
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘 83 eighty-
eight
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘 84 eighty-
two
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 85 eighty-
one
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 86 ninety
 🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 87 eighty-
seven
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 88 eighty-
three
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 89 eighty-
nine
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

90 eighty-
six
Q.9 Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Match the numbers to the correct number names.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘 91 ninety-
 six
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘 92 ninety-
seven
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘 93 ninety-
nine
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘 94 ninety-
four
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 95 ninety-
eight
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 96 ninety-
 two
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 97 ninety-
one
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 98 ninety-
five
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 99 ninety-
three

Making 100 (3-digit Number)

Remembering…
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮
🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘 99 ninety-
 nine
If we add one more coin 🔘 to ones place, we will have 10 sets of colourful
coins or, one hundred (100).

 The place value of hundred is;

- 1 is in the hundreds place

- 0 in the tens place
- 0 in the ones place.
 It makes number hundred and we read it as 100.

Now;
Q. Count the objects, write the numbers in numerals and words.
Visual Numerals Words
🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮🧮 100 hundred

Let’s Practice!
 99 is the greatest 2-
Fill in the blanks: digit number.
 One hundred is the
1. 100 has ______ digits.
first number with
2. In 100, the digit in the Hundreds place is ______. three digits.
3. In 100, the digit in the Tens place is ______.
4. In 100, the digit in the Ones place is ______. Math
Fact!
 Numbers 0 – 100
Complete the grid and read the numbers 0 – 100.

Activity Time!
Peek-a-Boo Numbers!
In the field, there are three big, bouncy bushes.
Watch closely! One of the bushes starts to shake and wiggle...
Wiggle, wiggle, shake, shake!
It slowly moves to the side and... PEEK-A-BOO! A number was
hiding behind it!
Question:
Look! What number is hiding there? Point to it and say its name!
 Comparing 1-digit and 2-digit Numbers
When we compare numbers, we check which one is greater, smaller, or if
they are equal. We use math symbols to compare:
o > means greater than
o < means less than
o = means equal to
Examples:
 9 > 2 → 9 is greater than 2
 5 < 8 → 5 is less than 8
 7 = 7 → 7 is equal to 7

Similarly, Example:

Tick (✔) the greater number.

We use the place value table to compare numbers.

 First we compare tens of both numbers.

 In number 9, we have 9 ones.
 In number 15, we have 1 ten and 5 ones.
 15 is a 2-digit number, so it is greater than 9.

Compare 2-digit Number.

Let’s Practice!
Q.1 Tick (✔)
The largest number The smallest
number

Q.2 Read the numbers and circle the greatest number in each row.

Q.3 Read the numbers and circle the smallest number in each row.

Q.3 Write > (greater than), < (smaller than), = (equal to) to make
the following
statements true.

Activity:
Slide the number cards from biggest to smallest. Let’s help the numbers
come down the slide!
 To compare numbers,
we first look at the tens
place. If the tens are
Math Spotlightthe same, then we check
the ones place. The
Ordering Numbers (0 – 99)number with the greater
 Ascending order means numbers go up – from smallest to biggest.
 Descending order means numbers go down – from biggest to
smallest.
Example:
Ascending: 15, 24, 37
Descending: 42, 39, 19

Let’s Practice!
Q.1 Order the number from smallest to biggest.

Q.2 Order the number from biggest to smallest.

Activity!
 Place number cards on a paper staircase (ascending)
 Slide number cards on a paper slide (descending)

Before, After and Between Numbers (0 – 99)

Q. Complete the number sequences given below.

a. Write the number before the given number.

b. Write the number after the given number.

c. Write the number between the given numbers.

Count in Tens
Counting in tens means we skip numbers and go in jumps of 10 each time.
It’s faster than counting one by one!
Example:
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100

Read each number in Tens and write it in words.

10
Ten
20
 30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Activity! Let’s hop on the number path!

 Clap or jump each time you count 10s
 Say aloud: "10… 20… 30… 40…"
Forward and Backward Counting up to 99
Recall..
Real-Life Relevance: Rocket Launch: “3…2…1…Blast off!” 🚀
Activity: Count backward as you pop the balloons!
Teacher Tip: Use number cards from 10 to 20 and ask students to
stand in a line. Let them speak their number aloud as they sit down one
by one. This builds body movement with backward counting.

Let’s Practice!
Q.1 Circle the correct number that comes next in backward
counting.
a. 28, 27, ______ → 26 29 30

b. 65, 64, ______ → 63 66 62

c. 92, 91, ______ → 93 90 94

Q.2 Fill in the Blanks (Forward):

a. 21, 22, _____, _____, 25, 26, c. 94, 95, ______, 97, ______, _______

______

b. _____, 34, _____, 36, _____, ______ d. ______, 70, ______, 72, _______

Q.3 Fill in the Blanks (Backward):

a. 99, 98, ______, ______, 95 c. 35, _______, 33, ________, ________

b. ______, 72, ______, 70, ______ d. 61, ________, ________, 58, 57

Chapter Puzzle: The Missing Numbers Chart

Oh no! A playful kitten has smudged some of the numbers on the 100 chart.
Can you be a number detective and write in the missing numbers?
How to Play: Look at the numbers already on the chart. Think about what
comes before, after, and in the next row (counting by tens). Fill in all the
empty squares!
Of course. Here is a puzzle activity for the end of the chapter "Numbers up to
100." This game is designed to test many of the skills learned in the chapter
in a fun way.

35 38

41 44 47 50
 35 38

52 55 58

63 66 69

71 75 80

Key Points
What an amazing journey to 100! You have learned so many new things
about bigger numbers. Let's remember what we can do now:
 We know that two-digit numbers have a tens place and a ones place,
and we can tell the value of each digit. For example, in 53, the 5
means 5 tens (50) and the 3 means 3 ones (3).
 We can read and write any number up to 99 in both numerals (like 75)
and words (like seventy-five). We also know that 100 is a special three-
digit number!
 We are experts at ordering numbers. We can arrange them from
smallest to largest (ascending) and largest to smallest (descending).
 We can compare numbers to see which is bigger or smaller, and we
can find the numbers that come before, after, or between other
numbers.
 We can count forwards and backwards up to 99 and even count quickly
in groups of ten (10, 20, 30...).

Check Point 2
Q.1 Match the numeral to its correct name.

Numer Number
al Name

34 Fifty-seven
 Numer Number
al Name

99 Thirty-four

57 Ninety-nine

Q.2 Look at the numbers on the shirts. Write how many Tens and
Ones.

Q.3 Compare the numbers. Use the correct sign: <, >, or =
a) 25 _____ 52 b) 78 _____ 78 c) 91 _____
19 d) 40 _____ 30 e) 63 _____ 73
f) 83 _____ 63
Q.4 Fill in the missing numbers.
a) 44, 45, _____, 47 b) 98, 99, _____ c) 10, 20,
30, _____, 50 d) 66, 65, 64, _____ e) _____, 22, 23, 24
f) _____, 30, 31, 32
Q.5 Riddle Time!

Answer: