Comprehensive Guide to Inclusive

Language
A detailed reference for respectful communication across diverse
communities, with severity ratings and alternatives for common
terminology

Most Inclusive More Inclusive Rather Inclusive Use with Caution Extreme Caution Avoid Taboo

accessible Disability diversity_3 LGBTQ+ wc Sex & Gender public Race & Ethnicity

church Religion account_balance Socioeconomics badge Personal Names translate Othering Language

record_voice_over Pronouns
accessible Disability Language Guide

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

People

disabled people Identity-first language is preferred by many disabled communities. It recognizes disability as an identity
Severity: 1
alternative: a person who is rather than something to be separated from the person.

disabled (category C) "The conference was organized by disabled people to ensure accessibility."

people with disabilities Person-first language emphasizes the person before the disability. While widely used, some disability
Severity: 1.5
alternative: handicapped communities prefer identity-first language.

people (category E) "People with disabilities have the right to reasonable accommodations."

autistic people Many autistic people prefer identity-first language as autism is an integral part of their identity, not
Severity: 1
alternative: people with something separate from them.

autism (category C) "Autistic people often have unique strengths in pattern recognition."

Deaf people Capitalized "Deaf" refers to people who identify with Deaf culture and community. Lowercase "deaf" refers
Severity: 1
alternative: the deaf to the audiological condition.

(category D) "Deaf people have their own languages and cultural traditions."

Blind people Identity-first language is generally preferred by blind communities. Avoid "the blind" as it defines people
Severity: 1.5
alternative: the blind solely by their disability.

(category D) "Blind people use various assistive technologies to navigate."

person with a disability Person-first language is generally respectful but may not be preferred by all disability communities.
Severity: 2
alternative: handicapped Always ask for preference when possible.

person (category E) "As a person with a disability, she advocates for accessibility standards."

person with autism While person-first language is generally respectful, many autistic people prefer identity-first language.
Severity: 3
alternative: autistic person Always ask for preference.

(category C) "The student who is a person with autism requires additional support during transitions."

handicapped "Handicapped" is outdated and offensive. It derives from "cap in hand," suggesting begging. It also implies
Severity: 7.5
alternative: crippled limitations imposed by the disability rather than by societal barriers.

(category F) "The handicapped parking spaces are all taken."

"The accessible parking spaces are all taken."

special needs "Special needs" is considered patronizing by many disability communities. It implies that disabled people
Severity: 6.5
alternative: retarded require "special" treatment rather than equal access and inclusion.

(category F) "Children with special needs require additional resources."

"Children with disabilities require additional resources."

suffering from "Suffering from" and "afflicted with" imply that disability is inherently negative and that disabled people
Severity: 6
alternative: afflicted with are constantly in pain or distress.

(category E) "She is suffering from cerebral palsy."

"She has cerebral palsy."

cripple "Cripple" is a derogatory slur with a history of being used to dehumanize disabled people. Although some
Severity: 8.5
alternative: handicapped disabled people reclaim this term, it should not be used by others.

(category E) "He's just a cripple who can't walk properly."

"He uses a wheelchair for mobility."

Facilities

accessible "Accessible" focuses on the function of the facility or service rather than labeling it for a specific group of
Severity: 0.5
alternative: handicapped people.

(category E) "The venue has accessible seating and restrooms."

accessible toilet "Accessible toilet" describes the function of the facility rather than labeling it for a specific group of
Severity: 0.5
alternative: handicapped people.

toilet (category E) "The accessible toilet is located on the ground floor."

accessible parking "Accessible parking" focuses on the function of the parking spaces rather than labeling them for a specific
Severity: 0.5
alternative: disabled parking group of people.

(category C) "Accessible parking spaces are available near the entrance."

handicapped parking "Handicapped" is outdated and offensive. It derives from "cap in hand," suggesting begging. "Accessible
Severity: 7.5
alternative: cripple parking parking" is the preferred term.

(category F) "The handicapped parking spaces are all taken."

"The accessible parking spaces are all taken."

Conditions

has a disability "Has a disability" is person-first language, which is generally respectful but may not be preferred by all
Severity: 1.5
alternative: is disabled disability communities.

(category C) "The employee has a disability and requires accommodations."

is disabled "Is disabled" is identity-first language, which is preferred by many disabled communities as it recognizes
Severity: 1
alternative: is handicapped disability as an identity.

(category E) "She is disabled and advocates for accessibility rights."

high functioning "High functioning" and "low functioning" are problematic as they create false hierarchies and oversimplify
Severity: 5.5
alternative: low functioning complex abilities. This term should only be used by autistic individuals to self-identify.

(category E) "He's high functioning, so he doesn't need support."

"He has strong verbal skills but may need support in other areas."
differently abled "Differently abled" is often considered patronizing by disability communities. It suggests that disability is
Severity: 5
alternative: handicapped just a different way of being "abled" rather than acknowledging the real barriers disabled people face.

(category E) "We should hire more differently abled people."

"We should hire more disabled people."
diversity_3 LGBTQ+ Language Guide

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

Identity Terms

gay "Gay" is widely accepted and preferred over "homosexual," which is clinical and historically pathologized.
Severity: 1
alternative: homosexual It specifically refers to men attracted to men but can sometimes be used more broadly.

(category D) "The gay community has made significant progress in civil rights."

lesbian "Lesbian" is the preferred term for women attracted to women. It is specific and respectful, avoiding the
Severity: 0.5
alternative: gay woman erasure that can occur with broader terms.

(category C) "Lesbian visibility has increased in media representation."

bisexual "Bisexual" refers to attraction to more than one gender. It is a valid identity, not a phase or confusion.
Severity: 0.5
alternative: bi-curious Avoid "bi-curious" unless someone self-identifies that way.

(category D) "Bisexual people often face erasure in both heterosexual and gay communities."

transgender "Transgender" is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned at birth.
Severity: 0.5
alternative: transsexual "Transsexual" is outdated and overly focused on medical transition.

(category D) "Transgender rights include access to appropriate healthcare."

nonbinary "Nonbinary" refers to gender identities outside the male/female binary. "Genderqueer" is also used but
Severity: 0.5
alternative: genderqueer some find it problematic due to the word "queer."

(category C) "Nonbinary people may use they/them pronouns."

queer "Queer" is a reclaimed term used as an umbrella for non-heteronormative identities. While embraced by
Severity: 3
alternative: faggot (category many, some older LGBTQ+ people still find it offensive due to its history as a slur.

F) "Queer theory examines societal norms around gender and sexuality."

pansexual "Pansexual" refers to attraction regardless of gender. It differs from bisexual in that gender is not a factor
Severity: 0.5
alternative: omnisexual in attraction. Both terms are valid identities.

(category C) "Pansexual people emphasize attraction to people, not specific genders."

asexual "Asexual" refers to little or no sexual attraction to others. It is a valid orientation, not a choice or medical
Severity: 0.5
alternative: celibate condition. "Celibate" refers to choosing not to have sex.

(category D) "Asexual people may still form romantic relationships."

intersex "Intersex" refers to people born with variations in sex characteristics. "Hermaphrodite" is an outdated,
Severity: 0.5
alternative: hermaphrodite offensive term rooted in mythology and medical pathology.

(category F) "Intersex people may have chromosomes, genitals, or reproductive organs that don't fit typical binary
definitions."

two-spirit "Two-spirit" is a specific term used by some Indigenous North American peoples to describe gender-variant
Severity: 1
alternative: third gender individuals in their communities. It should not be used by non-Indigenous people.

(category D) "Two-spirit roles vary among different Indigenous cultures."

homosexual "Homosexual" is clinical and historically pathologized. It was used to classify same-sex attraction as a
Severity: 6
alternative: gay (category A) mental disorder. "Gay" or "lesbian" are preferred for everyday use.

"Homosexual relationships were once illegal."

"Same-sex relationships were once illegal."

transsexual "Transsexual" is outdated and overly focused on medical transition. It suggests that all transgender people
Severity: 6
alternative: transgender pursue medical interventions, which is not accurate. "Transgender" is the preferred umbrella term.

(category A) "The transsexual community faces discrimination."

"The transgender community faces discrimination."

faggot "Faggot" is a deeply offensive slur with a violent history against gay men. Although some gay men reclaim
Severity: 9
alternative: gay (category A) this term, it should never be used by non-gay people.

"He was called a faggot for holding hands with his boyfriend."
"He was harassed for holding hands with his boyfriend."

tranny "Tranny" is a derogatory slur often used to demean transgender people, particularly transgender women.
Severity: 9
alternative: transgender Although some transgender people reclaim this term, it should never be used by non-transgender people.

(category A) "The comedian made tranny jokes."

"The comedian made transphobic jokes."

Relationships & Behaviors

same-sex relationship "Same-sex relationship" is neutral and descriptive. It avoids the clinical connotations of "homosexual
Severity: 0.5
alternative: homosexual relationship" and accurately describes relationships between people of the same gender.

relationship (category D) "Same-sex relationships deserve the same legal recognition as opposite-sex relationships."

partner "Partner" is inclusive and respectful for any relationship, regardless of gender or marital status. "Lover" can
Severity: 0.5
alternative: lover (category imply a purely sexual relationship and may not accurately reflect the nature of the partnership.

D) "She introduced her partner to her colleagues."

coming out "Coming out" refers to the process of sharing one's sexual orientation or gender identity. "Admitting"
Severity: 1
alternative: admitting suggests wrongdoing or shame, which is inappropriate for discussing identity.

(category D) "Coming out can be a liberating but challenging process."

closeted "Closeted" refers to not being open about one's sexual orientation or gender identity. While commonly
Severity: 2
alternative: in the closet used, some find it problematic as it implies hiding or shame. "Not out" is an alternative.

(category C) "Many people remain closeted due to fear of discrimination."

Pronouns

they/them "They/them" as singular pronouns have historical usage and are now widely accepted for nonbinary
Severity: 0.5
alternative: it (category F) individuals. "It" dehumanizes people and should never be used for a person.

"Alex uses they/them pronouns and appreciates when others respect them."

ze/hir "Ze/hir" are gender-neutral pronouns used by some nonbinary people. While less common than they/them,
Severity: 1
alternative: he/she (category they are valid. "He/she" excludes nonbinary people and reinforces the gender binary.

D) "Ze went to the store to buy hir favorite snacks."

preferred pronouns "Preferred pronouns" is commonly used but increasingly criticized as it suggests pronouns are optional
Severity: 2
alternative: preferred gender preferences rather than essential aspects of identity. "Pronouns" alone is more inclusive.

(category D) "Please share your pronouns if you're comfortable."

wc Sex and Gender Language Guide

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

Gender Identity

cisgender "Cisgender" describes people whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned at birth. It provides
Severity: 0.5
alternative: normal (category necessary language to distinguish from transgender without implying "normalcy."

E) "Cisgender and transgender people both deserve respect."

gender identity "Gender identity" refers to one's internal sense of gender. "Biological gender" is a misnomer as biology
Severity: 0.5
alternative: biological gender relates to sex, not gender. This term acknowledges gender as distinct from biological sex.

(category D) "Gender identity develops throughout childhood and adolescence."

gender expression "Gender expression" refers to how one presents their gender through appearance, behavior, etc. It's distinct
Severity: 0.5
alternative: gender from gender identity and acknowledges the performative aspects of gender.

presentation (category C) "Gender expression varies across cultures and individuals."

gender-affirming "Gender-affirming" acknowledges and supports a person's gender identity. "Sex change" is outdated and
Severity: 0.5
alternative: sex change overly simplistic, suggesting a single event rather than a process of affirmation.

(category E) "Gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health outcomes."

gender diverse "Gender diverse" is an inclusive umbrella term for people whose gender identity doesn't align with societal
Severity: 1
alternative: gender non- expectations. "Gender non-conforming" focuses on behavior rather than identity.

conforming (category C) "Gender diverse people face unique challenges in healthcare."

gender non-conforming "Gender non-conforming" describes behavior that doesn't align with traditional gender expectations. It's
Severity: 1.5
alternative: gender confused not inherently about identity and shouldn't be confused with being transgender.

(category E) "Gender non-conforming children should be supported regardless of their eventual identity."

biological sex "Biological sex" refers to physiological characteristics. While commonly used, it oversimplifies the
Severity: 2
alternative: real sex complexity of human biology. "Sex assigned at birth" is more precise.

(category E) "Biological sex is more complex than a simple male/female binary."

sex assigned at birth "Sex assigned at birth" acknowledges that sex categorization is a social assignment rather than an objective
Severity: 0.5
alternative: biological sex fact. It distinguishes between biological characteristics and gender identity.

(category C) "The form asks for sex assigned at birth, not current gender identity."

normal "Normal" implies that transgender or gender diverse people are abnormal. "Cisgender" provides specific
Severity: 7
alternative: cisgender language without implying value judgments about different gender identities.

(category A) "Normal people don't question their gender."

"Cisgender people may not question their gender identity."

sex change "Sex change" is outdated and overly simplistic. It suggests a single event rather than a process of
Severity: 7
alternative: gender-affirming affirmation. "Gender-affirming" acknowledges the ongoing nature of transition.

(category A) "After his sex change, he felt complete."

"After his gender-affirming care, he felt more aligned with his identity."

gender confused "Gender confused" pathologizes and invalidates people exploring their gender identity. "Questioning"
Severity: 7.5
alternative: questioning acknowledges the process of self-discovery without judgment.

(category B) "The teenager is gender confused."

"The teenager is questioning their gender identity."

Pronouns & Address

Mx. "Mx." is a gender-neutral honorific used by people who don't wish to specify their gender or who identify
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Mr./Ms. outside the gender binary. It provides an alternative to gendered titles.

(category D) "Mx. Johnson will be leading the presentation."

gender-neutral "Gender-neutral" refers to language, facilities, or products that don't cater to a specific gender. "Unisex" is
Severity: 0.5
alternative: unisex (category sometimes used but "gender-neutral" is more inclusive of nonbinary identities.

C) "The restroom is gender-neutral and available to all."

ladies and gentlemen "Ladies and gentlemen" excludes nonbinary people. "Everyone," "folks," or "friends" are more inclusive
Severity: 4
alternative: hey guys alternatives. "Hey guys" is also gendered though commonly used.

(category D) "Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the show."

"Welcome, everyone, to the show."

men and women "Men and women" excludes nonbinary people. "People," "individuals," or "everyone" are more inclusive.
Severity: 3
alternative: mankind "Mankind" is particularly exclusionary and outdated.

(category E) "Men and women should have equal rights."

"People should have equal rights regardless of gender."

opposite gender "Opposite gender" reinforces a binary understanding of gender. "Different gender" or specifying the gender
Severity: 4
alternative: opposite sex in question is more inclusive. "Opposite sex" is also problematic for similar reasons.

(category D) "She's attracted to the opposite gender."

"She's attracted to people of different genders."

Language & Phrasing

pregnant people "Pregnant people" is inclusive of transgender men and nonbinary people who can become pregnant.
Severity: 0.5
alternative: pregnant women "Pregnant women" excludes these individuals and reinforces gender stereotypes.

(category C) "Pregnant people need access to comprehensive healthcare."

menstruators "Menstruators" is inclusive of transgender men and nonbinary people who menstruate. While some find the
Severity: 1
alternative: women who term clinical, it's more inclusive than gendered alternatives.

menstruate (category C) "Menstruators may need accommodations in the workplace."

breastfeeding parent "Breastfeeding parent" is inclusive of transgender men and nonbinary parents who breastfeed.
Severity: 0.5
alternative: breastfeeding "Breastfeeding mother" excludes these individuals and reinforces gender stereotypes.

mother (category C) "The workplace provides a private space for breastfeeding parents."
feminine hygiene "Feminine hygiene products" is gendered and implies menstruation is unhygienic. "Menstrual products" is
Severity: 3
products more accurate and inclusive of all people who menstruate.

alternative: women's "The store sells feminine hygiene products."

products (category D) "The store sells menstrual products."
public Race and Ethnicity Language Guide

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

Racial Identity

Black people "Black" is capitalized when referring to a racial group of people, similar to other racial identifiers like
Severity: 0.5
alternative: black people "Asian" or "Latino." It recognizes Black as a shared identity and culture, not just a color.

(lowercased) (category D) "Black people have made significant contributions to American culture."

White people "White" is increasingly capitalized when referring to a racial group, though this is less standardized than
Severity: 1
alternative: white people "Black." Capitalization acknowledges whiteness as a racial identity with associated privileges and culture.

(lowercased) (category D) "White people benefit from systemic advantages in many societies."

Asian people "Asian" is the preferred term for people of Asian descent. "Oriental" is outdated and offensive, originally
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Orientals used to describe objects from Asia, not people. Be specific when possible (e.g., Chinese, Japanese).

(category F) "Asian people represent diverse cultures and experiences."

Indigenous peoples "Indigenous peoples" is a globally recognized term that acknowledges original inhabitants of lands. "Native
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Native Americans" is specific to the U.S. and doesn't include Indigenous peoples globally. Use specific
tribal/nation names when possible.
Americans (category C)
"Indigenous peoples have distinct cultural traditions and languages."

Latinx "Latinx" is a gender-neutral alternative to Latino/Latina, though its usage varies. "Latine" is another
Severity: 1.5
alternative: Hispanic emerging alternative. "Hispanic" refers to Spanish-speaking countries and excludes Brazil and non-Spanish
speaking Latin Americans.
(category C)
"Latinx communities face unique challenges in the U.S."

people of color "People of color" is a widely accepted term for non-white racial groups. "Colored people" is an offensive
Severity: 1
alternative: colored people term with historical ties to segregation and racism. Be specific when possible rather than using broad
categories.
(category F)
"People of color often face systemic barriers in education."

BIPOC "BIPOC" (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) highlights the unique experiences of Black and
Severity: 1.5
alternative: minorities Indigenous peoples while acknowledging broader communities of color. "Minorities" can be problematic as
it frames groups as "less than."
(category D)
"BIPOC communities have led important social justice movements."

multiracial "Multiracial" or "biracial" are preferred over "mixed," which can sound like something is wrong or
Severity: 1
alternative: mixed (category incomplete. These terms acknowledge the validity of multiple racial identities.

D) "Multiracial people may identify with multiple cultural heritages."

African American "African American" specifically refers to Black Americans with African ancestry. "Black" is often preferred
Severity: 1.5
alternative: Afro-American as it's more inclusive of Black people from various backgrounds. "Afro-American" is outdated.

(category D) "African American history is an essential part of American history."

Black (lowercased) Although lowercasing Black is not common or widespread, Minna Salami, a Finnish African, opposes
Severity: 4
alternative: Black capitalizing it as a philosophical and anti-racist statement against the history of imposing limiting racial
categories on Black people.
(capitalized) (category A)
"Some activists prefer the term black (lowercased) to challenge racial categorization."

minorities "Minorities" frames groups as "less than" and ignores that in many contexts, people of color are the global
Severity: 5
alternative: people of color majority. "People of color" or specific racial/ethnic terms are more respectful.

(category A) "The program helps minorities succeed in STEM fields."

"The program helps students of color succeed in STEM fields."

Oriental "Oriental" is outdated and offensive, historically used to describe objects from Asia, not people. It
Severity: 8
alternative: Asian (category exoticizes and "others" Asian people and cultures. Use specific nationalities or "Asian" instead.

A) "The Oriental restaurant serves authentic cuisine."

"The Japanese restaurant serves authentic cuisine."

colored people "Colored people" is deeply offensive with historical ties to segregation and racism, particularly in the U.S.
Severity: 9
alternative: people of color and South Africa. It was used to enforce racial hierarchy and discrimination.

(category A) "The water fountain was for colored people only."

"The water fountain was for Black people only during segregation."

Ethnic Identity

Jewish people "Jewish people" is generally preferred over "Jews" when referring to the group as a whole, as "Jews" can
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Jews (category sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Jewish people self-identify as "Jews."

C) "Jewish people celebrate various holidays throughout the year."

Arab people "Arab people" is generally preferred over "Arabs" when referring to the group as a whole, as "Arabs" can
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Arabs (category sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Arab people self-identify as "Arabs."

C) "Arab people have diverse cultural traditions across different countries."

Romani people "Romani people" is the preferred term for the ethnic group historically referred to as "Gypsies." "Gypsy" is
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Gypsies considered a racial slur by many Romani people due to its history of persecution and stereotypes.

(category F) "Romani people have faced discrimination throughout European history."

Middle Eastern "Middle Eastern" refers to a geographic region, not an ethnicity. The region includes diverse ethnic groups
Severity: 1.5
alternative: Arab (category including Arabs, Persians, Turks, Kurds, and others. Be specific when possible.

D) "Middle Eastern cuisine varies greatly between countries and cultures."

Gypsy "Gypsy" is considered a racial slur by many Romani people due to its history of persecution and
Severity: 8.5
alternative: Romani stereotypes. It romanticizes a nomadic lifestyle while ignoring the reality of Romani culture and the
discrimination they face.
(category A)
"The Gypsy lifestyle is carefree and bohemian."
"Romani people have diverse cultural traditions and lifestyles."

Language & Phrasing

racially charged "Racially charged" is often used to soften or avoid calling something racist. While sometimes appropriate
Severity: 3
alternative: racist (category for ambiguous situations, it can minimize the impact of clearly racist language or actions.

D) "The politician made racially charged remarks."

"The politician made racist remarks."

cultural appropriation "Cultural appropriation" refers to adopting elements of a culture by members of another culture,
Severity: 1
alternative: cultural particularly when the adopting culture has historically oppressed the other. "Cultural appreciation"
involves respectful engagement with cultural elements.
appreciation (category C)
"The discussion addressed cultural appropriation in fashion."

microaggressions "Microaggressions" are subtle, often unconscious expressions of racism or bias. The term is widely used in
Severity: 1
alternative: subtle racism academic and social justice contexts to describe everyday instances of discrimination.

(category D) "The training focused on recognizing and addressing microaggressions."

colorblind "Colorblind" suggests ignoring race, which can invalidate the experiences of people of color and ignore
Severity: 6
alternative: anti-racist systemic racism. "Anti-racist" actively acknowledges and works against racial inequality.

(category A) "I'm colorblind; I don't see race."

"I'm working to be anti-racist and address racial inequality."
church Religion Language Guide

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

Religious Identity

Muslim people "Muslim people" is generally preferred over "Muslims" when referring to the group as a whole, as
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Muslims "Muslims" can sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Muslim people self-identify as
"Muslims."
(category C)
"Muslim people celebrate Eid al-Fitr after Ramadan."

Jewish people "Jewish people" is generally preferred over "Jews" when referring to the group as a whole, as "Jews" can
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Jews (category sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Jewish people self-identify as "Jews."

C) "Jewish people observe Hanukkah in December."

Christian people "Christian people" is generally preferred over "Christians" when referring to the group as a whole, as
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Christians "Christians" can sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Christian people self-identify
as "Christians."
(category C)
"Christian people celebrate Christmas and Easter."

Hindu people "Hindu people" is generally preferred over "Hindus" when referring to the group as a whole, as "Hindus"
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Hindus (category can sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Hindu people self-identify as "Hindus."

C) "Hindu people celebrate Diwali, the festival of lights."

Buddhist people "Buddhist people" is generally preferred over "Buddhists" when referring to the group as a whole, as
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Buddhists "Buddhists" can sometimes be used in a derogatory manner. However, many Buddhist people self-identify
as "Buddhists."
(category C)
"Buddhist people practice meditation and mindfulness."

people of faith "People of faith" is an inclusive term that acknowledges the diversity of religious beliefs without specifying
Severity: 1
alternative: religious people a particular religion. "Religious people" is also acceptable but can sometimes imply formal adherence to
organized religion.
(category C)
"People of faith often find strength in their spiritual practices."

non-religious "Non-religious" is a broad term that includes people who don't identify with any religion. "Atheist"
Severity: 0.5
alternative: atheist (category specifically refers to someone who doesn't believe in any deity. Be specific about which term applies.

D) "Non-religious people may still have spiritual beliefs or practices."

secular "Secular" refers to things not connected with religious or spiritual matters. "Godless" is derogatory and
Severity: 1
alternative: godless (category implies a moral deficiency. Secularism is a neutral stance regarding religion.

E) "Secular organizations serve people of all beliefs."

religious minorities "Religious minorities" is a standard term for religions with fewer adherents in a given society. "Minority
Severity: 1.5
alternative: minority religions" is also acceptable. Context matters as what constitutes a minority varies by location.

religions (category C) "Religious minorities often face discrimination in majority-religion societies."

Muslim While many Muslim people self-identify as "Muslims," using "Muslim people" when referring to the group
Severity: 2
alternative: Muslim people as a whole is generally more respectful. The term "Muslim" alone can sometimes be used in a derogatory
manner.
(category A)
"Muslim people follow the teachings of the Quran."

Jew While many Jewish people self-identify as "Jews," using "Jewish people" when referring to the group as a
Severity: 2
alternative: Jewish people whole is generally more respectful. The term "Jew" alone can sometimes be used in a derogatory manner.

(category A) "Jewish people observe Shabbat from Friday evening to Saturday evening."

Christian While many Christian people self-identify as "Christians," using "Christian people" when referring to the
Severity: 2
alternative: Christian people group as a whole is generally more respectful. The term "Christian" alone can sometimes be used in a
derogatory manner.
(category A)
"Christian people believe in the teachings of Jesus Christ."

atheist "Atheist" specifically refers to someone who doesn't believe in any deity. "Non-religious" is a broader term
Severity: 2
alternative: non-religious that includes people who don't identify with any religion. Be specific about which term applies.

(category A) "Atheist organizations advocate for separation of church and state."

godless "Godless" is derogatory and implies a moral deficiency. It has historically been used to demonize non-
Severity: 7
alternative: secular (category religious people. "Secular" is a neutral term referring to things not connected with religious matters.

A) "The godless communists threaten our values."

"Secular governments serve people of all beliefs."

Religious Practices & Beliefs

religious freedom "Religious freedom" is the standard term for the right to practice one's religion. "Religious liberty" is also
Severity: 0.5
alternative: religious liberty used but sometimes associated with specific political movements. Both refer to the same concept.

(category C) "Religious freedom is protected by many constitutions."

faith tradition "Faith tradition" acknowledges the historical and cultural aspects of religion. "Religion" is more direct but
Severity: 1
alternative: religion can sometimes sound institutional. Both terms are generally acceptable.

(category C) "The conference brought together multiple faith traditions."

worship space "Worship space" is inclusive of all religious traditions. "Church" specifically refers to Christian places of
Severity: 0.5
alternative: church (category worship. Use specific terms like "mosque," "synagogue," or "temple" when appropriate.

D) "The university provides a worship space for students of all faiths."

holy book "Holy book" is a general term for sacred texts. "Scripture" is also used but sometimes associated specifically
Severity: 1
alternative: scripture with Christian texts. Use specific names like "Quran," "Torah," or "Bible" when appropriate.

(category C) "Each faith tradition has its own holy book."

religious holiday "Religious holiday" is inclusive of all faith traditions. Using specific holiday names like "Christmas" or "Eid"
Severity: 0.5
alternative: Christmas is appropriate when referring to those specific holidays, but not as general terms.

(category D) "The company recognizes multiple religious holidays for time off."

faith-based "Faith-based" emphasizes the personal and spiritual aspects of religion. "Religious" is more institutional.
Severity: 1
alternative: religious Both terms are generally acceptable depending on context.

(category C) "Faith-based organizations often provide community services."

prayer "Prayer" specifically refers to communication with a deity or deities. "Meditation" is a broader practice that
Severity: 0.5
alternative: meditation may or may not have religious elements. Be specific about which term applies.

(category D) "Prayer is an important practice in many religions."

cult "Cult" is a derogatory term used to describe religious groups with beliefs or practices considered strange or
Severity: 7
alternative: new religious dangerous. "New religious movement" is a more neutral academic term. Avoid "cult" unless specifically
discussing harmful groups.
movement (category C)
"They joined a dangerous cult."
"They joined a new religious movement with unconventional beliefs."

fundamentalist "Fundamentalist" often has negative connotations and implies extremism. "Devout" or "conservative" are
Severity: 6
alternative: devout (category more neutral terms for people with strong religious beliefs. Use "fundamentalist" only when specifically
referring to self-identified fundamentalist movements.
D)
"The fundamentalist protesters opposed the law."
"The devout protesters opposed the law based on their religious beliefs."
religious extremist "Religious extremist" should be used only for groups or individuals who advocate violence or extreme
Severity: 5
alternative: devout (category measures in the name of religion. Don't conflate strong religious devotion with extremism.

D) "Religious extremists pose a threat to religious freedom for all."

account_balance Socioeconomics Language Guide

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

Economic Status

low-income "Low-income" is a neutral, descriptive term that focuses on economic circumstances without judgment.
Severity: 0.5
alternative: poor (category "Poor" can carry negative connotations and stereotypes about personal responsibility.

D) "Low-income families may qualify for additional assistance programs."

people experiencing "People experiencing poverty" emphasizes that poverty is a condition people experience, not an identity.
Severity: 0.5
poverty "The poor" creates a monolithic group and erases individuality.

alternative: the poor "People experiencing poverty face systemic barriers to economic mobility."
(category E)

people experiencing "People experiencing homelessness" emphasizes that homelessness is a condition people experience, not an
Severity: 0.5
homelessness identity. "Homeless people" defines people by their housing situation.

alternative: homeless people "People experiencing homelessness need access to support services."
(category C)

wealthy "Wealthy" is a neutral term describing economic status. "Rich" can carry connotations of excess or
Severity: 1
alternative: rich (category C) privilege. Both terms are generally acceptable in appropriate contexts.

"Wealthy individuals have access to more financial resources."

economic mobility "Economic mobility" is a neutral term describing the ability to improve one's economic status. "Climbing
Severity: 0.5
alternative: climbing the the ladder" implies a competitive, individualistic approach to economic advancement.

ladder (category D) "Economic mobility is limited by systemic barriers in many communities."

working class "Working class" describes people employed in manual or industrial labor. "Blue-collar" is also used but can
Severity: 1
alternative: blue-collar sometimes carry stereotypes. Both terms should be used with awareness of class assumptions.

(category C) "Working class communities have been affected by economic changes."

middle class "Middle class" describes a specific economic position between working class and upper class. "Average" is
Severity: 1.5
alternative: average vague and can imply mediocrity. Definitions of middle class vary by context.

(category D) "Middle class families often struggle with rising costs of living."

low-income communities "Low-income communities" is a neutral, descriptive term. "Poor neighborhoods" can carry negative
Severity: 0.5
alternative: poor stereotypes and stigmas about the people who live there.

neighborhoods (category D) "Low-income communities often lack access to quality healthcare."

underserved "Underserved" focuses on systemic lack of access to resources and services. "Needy" can imply personal
Severity: 1
alternative: needy (category deficiency or dependency. The former emphasizes external factors, the latter internal ones.

D) "Underserved populations benefit from targeted community programs."

resource-limited "Resource-limited" focuses on external circumstances without judgment. "Impoverished" can carry
Severity: 1
alternative: impoverished connotations of helplessness and deficiency. The former is more neutral and descriptive.

(category D) "Resource-limited schools struggle to provide adequate educational materials."

poor "Poor" can carry negative connotations and stereotypes about personal responsibility. It often implies
Severity: 4
alternative: low-income moral judgment rather than describing economic circumstances. "Low-income" is more neutral.

(category A) "Poor people should work harder to improve their situation."

"Low-income people face systemic barriers to economic advancement."

the poor "The poor" creates a monolithic group and erases individuality. It defines people by their economic status
Severity: 6
alternative: people and suggests they are fundamentally different from others. "People experiencing poverty" recognizes their
humanity.
experiencing poverty
(category A) "We should help the poor during the holidays."
"We should support people experiencing poverty throughout the year."

homeless people "Homeless people" defines people by their housing situation. "People experiencing homelessness"
Severity: 4
alternative: people emphasizes that homelessness is a condition people experience, not an identity.

experiencing homelessness "Homeless people often ask for money on the street."
(category A) "People experiencing homelessness may need assistance accessing services."

welfare queen "Welfare queen" is a derogatory stereotype that originated in the U.S. to portray women of color as
Severity: 8.5
alternative: welfare recipient fraudulently exploiting welfare systems. It's deeply offensive and rooted in racism and sexism.

(category E) "Politicians warned about welfare queens abusing the system."

"Politicians discussed welfare policies and their impact on recipients."

trailer trash "Trailer trash" is a deeply offensive classist slur that stereotypes people living in mobile homes as
Severity: 9
alternative: low-income uneducated, uncultured, and morally deficient. It's used to dehumanize and dismiss low-income people.

(category A) "They looked down on their trailer trash neighbors."

"They held classist attitudes toward their low-income neighbors."

Education & Employment

first-generation student "First-generation student" specifically describes students whose parents haven't completed a bachelor's
Severity: 0.5
alternative: disadvantaged degree. "Disadvantaged" is vague and can imply deficit rather than acknowledging specific circumstances.

(category D) "First-generation students often face unique challenges in higher education."

underemployed "Underemployed" describes people working in jobs that don't utilize their skills or education, or working
Severity: 0.5
alternative: lazy (category E) fewer hours than they'd like. "Lazy" makes a moral judgment about character rather than describing
economic circumstances.

"Many college graduates are underemployed in the current economy."

unemployed "Unemployed" is a neutral term describing employment status. "Jobless" is also acceptable but can
Severity: 1
alternative: jobless (category sometimes carry more negative connotations. Both describe a temporary condition, not an identity.

C) "Unemployed workers may qualify for unemployment benefits."

essential worker "Essential worker" recognizes the critical importance of certain jobs to society. "Low-wage worker" focuses
Severity: 1
alternative: low-wage worker only on income and can carry negative connotations. Many essential workers are low-wage, but not all.

(category D) "Essential workers continued to provide critical services during the pandemic."

food insecure "Food insecure" is a technical term describing lack of consistent access to enough food for an active,
Severity: 0.5
alternative: hungry (category healthy life. "Hungry" describes a physical sensation but doesn't capture the systemic nature of food
insecurity.
D)
"Food insecure families may rely on food assistance programs."

disadvantaged "Disadvantaged" is vague and can imply deficit rather than acknowledging specific circumstances.
Severity: 4
alternative: underserved "Underserved" focuses on systemic lack of access to resources and services without making value
judgments.
(category A)
"The program helps disadvantaged youth."
"The program serves youth in underserved communities."
lazy "Lazy" makes a moral judgment about character rather than describing economic circumstances. It often
Severity: 7
alternative: unemployed ignores systemic barriers and individual challenges. "Unemployed" is a neutral term describing
employment status.
(category A)
"Lazy people don't want to work."
"Unemployed people face barriers to finding work."
 Personal Names, Othering Language, Pronouns, and
translate
Cultural Appropriation

check_circle check remove warning error block not_interested

A: Most Inclusive B: More Inclusive C: Rather D: Use with E: Extreme F: Avoid Taboo
Inclusive Caution Caution

Term Severity Explanation & Examples

Personal Names

name pronunciation Making an effort to pronounce someone's name correctly shows respect for their identity. Using a
Severity: 0.5
alternative: nickname nickname without permission can be dismissive of their cultural background and identity.

(category D) "I asked how to pronounce her name correctly before using it."

preferred name "Preferred name" respects someone's choice of what to be called. "Real name" implies that their chosen
Severity: 0.5
alternative: real name name is fake or invalid, particularly harmful for transgender people or those with names from different
cultures.
(category E)
"Please use my preferred name in all communications."

honorifics Using appropriate honorifics (Dr., Professor, Mx.) shows respect for someone's achievements and identity.
Severity: 1
alternative: first name only Using only first names can be overly familiar or disrespectful, especially in professional contexts.

(category D) "The professor asked students to use appropriate honorifics when addressing faculty."

nickname Nicknames should only be used with permission. Assigning nicknames to people without their consent can
Severity: 2
alternative: given name be disrespectful, especially when it alters names from different cultures to make them "easier" to
pronounce.
(category C)
"He asked his colleagues to use his given name instead of the nickname they had created."

real name "Real name" implies that someone's chosen name is fake or invalid, particularly harmful for transgender
Severity: 6
alternative: preferred name people or those with names from different cultures. "Preferred name" or simply "name" is more respectful.

(category A) "What's your real name?"

"What name would you like me to use?"

Othering Language

non-Western "Non-Western" centers Western culture as the default and positions other cultures as "other." Be specific
Severity: 3
alternative: exotic (category about regions or cultures when possible. "Exotic" is particularly problematic as it fetishizes and otherizes.

E) "The conference featured perspectives from non-Western scholars."

ethnic "Ethnic" is often used to mean "non-white" or "non-Western," centering whiteness as the default. It also
Severity: 4
alternative: foreign (category erases the fact that everyone has an ethnicity. Be specific about cultural or racial groups when possible.

D) "The restaurant serves ethnic food."

"The restaurant serves Thai cuisine."

minority "Minority" frames groups as "less than" and ignores that in many contexts, people of color are the global
Severity: 5
alternative: person of color majority. "People of color" or specific racial/ethnic terms are more respectful.

(category A) "The program helps minorities succeed."

"The program helps students of color succeed."

exotic "Exotic" fetishizes and otherizes people, cultures, and objects, positioning them as strange, foreign, and
Severity: 7
alternative: foreign (category objects of fascination. It reduces complex cultures to novelty items for consumption.

D) "She has an exotic look."

"She has a distinctive appearance reflecting her cultural heritage."

Pronouns

they/them "They/them" as singular pronouns have historical usage and are now widely accepted for nonbinary
Severity: 0.5
alternative: it (category F) individuals. "It" dehumanizes people and should never be used for a person.

"Alex uses they/them pronouns and appreciates when others respect them."

ze/hir "Ze/hir" are gender-neutral pronouns used by some nonbinary people. While less common than they/them,
Severity: 1
alternative: he/she (category they are valid. "He/she" excludes nonbinary people and reinforces the gender binary.

D) "Ze went to the store to buy hir favorite snacks."

pronouns "Pronouns" alone is preferred over "preferred pronouns" as it doesn't suggest pronouns are optional
Severity: 1
alternative: preferred preferences rather than essential aspects of identity.

pronouns (category D) "Please share your pronouns if you're comfortable."

he/she "He/she" excludes nonbinary people and reinforces the gender binary. "They" is inclusive of all genders
Severity: 4
alternative: they (category and has historical usage as a singular pronoun.

A) "Each student should bring his or her book."

"Each student should bring their book."

it "It" dehumanizes people and should never be used for a person. It has historically been used to deny
Severity: 9
alternative: they (category humanity to marginalized groups. "They" is inclusive of all genders.

A) "The doctor said it would recover soon."

"The doctor said they would recover soon."

Cultural Appropriation

cultural appreciation "Cultural appreciation" involves respectful engagement with cultural elements, often with permission and
Severity: 0.5
alternative: cultural acknowledgment. "Cultural appropriation" refers to adopting elements of a culture by members of another
culture, particularly when the adopting culture has historically oppressed the other.
appropriation (category D)
"The artist practices cultural appreciation by learning traditional techniques from Indigenous elders."

cultural exchange "Cultural exchange" implies mutual sharing and benefit between cultures. "Cultural borrowing" suggests a
Severity: 1
alternative: cultural one-way taking without permission or acknowledgment. The former is more respectful when genuine
exchange occurs.
borrowing (category D)
"The festival promotes cultural exchange between communities."

tribal "Tribal" when used to describe fashion or aesthetics often erases the specific cultural origins of designs and
Severity: 4
alternative: tribal print reduces diverse Indigenous cultures to a generic aesthetic. Be specific about cultural origins when possible.

(category E) "She wore a tribal-inspired outfit."

"She wore an outfit inspired by Maori designs."

spirit animal "Spirit animal" is a term with specific significance in many Indigenous cultures. Using it casually trivializes
Severity: 5
alternative: patronus these sacred beliefs. "Patronus" or "animal I identify with" are alternatives without cultural appropriation.

(category D) "My spirit animal is a cat."

"The animal I identify with is a cat."
gypsy "Gypsy" is considered a racial slur by many Romani people due to its history of persecution and
Severity: 8.5
alternative: bohemian stereotypes. It romanticizes a nomadic lifestyle while ignoring the reality of Romani culture and the
discrimination they face.
(category E)
"She has a gypsy soul."
"She has a free-spirited nature."
auto_awesome Conclusion - Inclusive Language Guide

Language evolves constantly. What's considered inclusive today may change tomorrow. Stay informed, listen to
priority_high affected communities, and be willing to adapt your language.

psychology diversity_3 trending_up

Mindful Communication Respect Identity Continuous Learning
Language shapes perception. Use terms people prefer for Inclusive language requires ongoing
Thoughtful word choices create themselves. When uncertain, ask education. Stay curious, acknowledge
inclusive environments and validate respectfully. Honor how individuals mistakes, and commit to growth.
diverse experiences. and communities self-identify.

balance record_voice_over lightbulb

Context Matters Amplify Voices Impact Over Intent
Consider historical context, power Center the perspectives of those most Focus on how language affects others,
dynamics, and specific situations when affected by language choices. Let not just your intentions. Be
choosing language. One size doesn't fit communities speak for themselves. accountable for the impact of your
all. words.

Inclusive language isn't about political correctness—it's about creating a world where everyone feels seen,
favorite respected, and valued. Your words matter.