Nutrient Management
KEY CHECK 5
Sufficient nutrients from tillering to early panicle
initiation and flowering
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
NUTRIENT FACTS
• Nutrients are what plants • Rice plants grow and
need to grow and become respond better to
productive. fertilizer when there is
• Proper nutrient more sunlight.
management improves crop • Of all nutrient elements,
growth and yield. rice plants need more of
nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P),
potassium (K), zinc (Zn),
and sulfur (S).
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Why do rice plants need fertilizers?
Nutrient inputs as fertilizers fill the gap between what the
crop needs and what is currently present in the soil, water,
and air (indigenous supply).
Climate
N-P-K
Crop
residues Inorganic/ Organic
Humus Soil fertilizer
Irrigation Biological
water Nitrogen
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Fixation RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
Importance of Key Check 5
nutrients from tillering to
early PI and flowering
insufficient sufficient excessive
slow growth good, uniform pest damage
growth
less tillers, lodging
panicles uniform
panicle dev’t pollution
fewer seeds
attainment of
low grain yield potential
weight
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Assessment of Key Check 5
No symptoms of nutrient
deficiency or toxicity from tillering
to early panicle initiation and
flowering.
Achieved at least 300 panicles/m2
(TPR) or 350 panicles/m2 (DWSR)
at dough stage.
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How to assess the number of panicles at
dough stage:
1m
1. Randomly select 3
sampling sites (1m x 1m
1m quadrat) at least 1m
from the levee and in a
diagonal line across the
field.
2. Count the panicles in 1m
each quadrat and get
the average.
Example:
Average panicles = Total number of panicles
3. Compute for the m2 3m2
number of panicles/m2 . 1000 panicles__
=
3m2
= 333 panicles/m2
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How and what will you feed them?
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Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 5
1. Know and manage the nutrient
requirement of your crop based
on:
- visual observation of
deficiency symptoms
- results of nutrient assessment
and decision support tools
- other available information
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TIPS IN PROPER VISUAL DIAGNOSIS
OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
UPPER
LEAVES
Zinc (Zn)
Calcium (Ca) LOWER
Copper (Cu) LEAVES
Iron (Fe) Nitrogen (N)
Boron (B) Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S) Potassium (K)
Manganese (Mn) Magnesium (Mg)
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DIAGNOSTIC AND DECISION SUPPORT
TOOLS
Minus-One Element Technique & MOET
App
A pot experiment to determine the nutrients deficient in
the soil that is complemented with an ICT-based
application.
Leaf Color Chart (LCC)
A tool to visually assess the nitrogen status of rice
crops.
Nutrient Omission Plot Technique (NOPT)
A means to assess indigenous nutrient supply to
serve as basis of fertilizer recommendation.
Rice Crop Manager (RCM)
An ICT-based platform for rapidly deploying
improved nutrient & rice farming management
technologies.
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Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 5
2. Know the right element, amount, &
timing of fertilizer application.
Make
E A T
Right!
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Know the right nutrient
E ELEMENT your plant needs.
Giving the right nutrients
increases cost efficiency and
attainment of target yield.
Know the right AMOUNT of
A fertilizer to apply. Too much or
too little is not good.
Know the right TIMING of
T fertilizer application to increase
efficiency in input cost and
nutrient uptake.
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NITROGEN (N)
Right Element
(N ) promotes rapid growth for
increased:
• plant height and number
of tillers
• leaf size
• number of panicles per
hill
• number of spikelets per
panicle
• grain protein content Example sources of N from inorganic
fertilizer:
• percentage of filled
grains 14-14-14, 46-0-0, 21-0-0-24S, and
16-20-0
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NITROGEN (N)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms: Stunted,
yellowish plants. Older leaves or
whole plants are yellowish green.
• Too much N particularly between
panicle initiation and flowering
makes the plant prone to lodging
and pests.
• Excessive N application is costly and
may contribute to environmental
pollution.
• Use results of LCC, RCM, NOPT, and
MOET/MOET App as basis in
properly determining the amount of
N to apply.
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NITROGEN (N)
Right Timing
LCC is Available LCC is not Available
For ≤110 Day
For >110 Day Maturity
Use LCC every 7 Maturity
days from 14 DAT
or 21 DAS until Apply N at 0-14 Apply N at 0-14 DAT,
early flowering. DAT/DAS and 5- mid tillering, and 5- 7
7 days before days before or after
Apply N if more panicle initiation. panicle initiation.
than 5 out of 10
leaves are below 4
(TPR) or 3
(DWSR).
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NITROGEN (N)
Right Timing
Application 1st 2nd 3rd
TPR 0-14 DAT mid-tillering 5-7 days before or after
DWSR PI
7-10 DAS mid-tillering 5-7 days before or after
PI
(optional)
Organic 15%
heading
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
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PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Element
(P) functions mainly for
energy storage and transfer.
In rice, it promotes:
a. vigorous root development
b. tillering
c. early flowering
[Link]
Example sources of P from inorganic
fertilizer:
14-14-14, 16-20-0, and 0-18-0-24S
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PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
Stunted dark green plants with
narrow, short, very erect leaves
and greatly reduced tillering. Thin
stems and retarded development.
The number of leaves, panicles,
and grains per panicle are also
reduced.
• Use results of MOET/MOET App
and RCM as basis in properly
determining the amount of P to
apply.
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PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Timing
Application
TPR 0-14 DAT
DWSR 7-10 DAS
Organic
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
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POTASSIUM (K)
Right Element
(K) in rice plants:
• improves root growth and plant vigor
• improves tolerance of rice to adverse
condition: pest and disease; drought;
lodging
• improves uptake of other nutrients
• Increases grain size and weight
K deficiency is often not detected because
its symptoms do not appear until the later
growth stages and are not as easy to
recognize as that of N deficiency.
Example sources of K from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14, 0-0-60 , and 17-0-17
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POTASSIUM (K)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
Dark green plants with
yellowish brown leaf
margins or dark brown
necrotic spots first appear
on the tip of older leaves.
• Use results of
MOET/MOET App and
RCM as basis in properly
determining the amount of
K to apply.
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POTASSIUM (K)
Right Timing
Application 1st 2nd
TPR 0-14 DAT 5-7 days before or after
DWSR PI
0-14 DAS 5-7 days before or after
PI
Organic
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
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22
ZINC (Zn)
Right Element
(Zn) promotes good seedling and overall growth of plants.
It is essential for several
biochemical pathways and
structural processes in the rice
plant.
In Zn-deficient soils, NPK
fertilizers alone cannot provide
good yield unless Zn deficiency
is corrected.
Example sources of Zn from inorganic fertilizer:
Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Metallate, Zinc Oxide
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ZINC (Zn)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
Dusty brown spots on
upper leaves of stunted
plants appearing 2-4
weeks after transplanting
• Use results of MOET and
Rice Crop Manager as basis
in properly determining
the amount of Zn to apply.
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ZINC (Zn)
Right Amount and Timing
Choose only one among the following amelioration techniques.
Amelioration
Amount Timing
Techniques
TPR Seedling dip 2% ZnO solution dip for 15min
max of 30min
Seedbed apply 0.5-2kg per seedbed
400m2 seedbed OR
0.5-2kg per 40kg
inbred seeds
Broadcast 25kg ZnSO4/ha 10-14 DAT
Foliar Spraying 2% solution spray (vol. 14 DAT
spray of 170 liters/ha)
DWS Seed Zn coating 1% of the dry weight of seed
R seeds preparation
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SULFUR (S)
Right Element
(S) promotes uniform growth and maturity.
affects chlorophyll
production, protein
synthesis and plant
function and structure
delayed plant
development and
maturity
affects yield if
deficiency occurs at
vegetative stage JJAungon
Example sources of S from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14-12S and 21-0-0-24S
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SULFUR (S)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
yellowing of young leaves,
reduced no. of tillers, fewer
and shorter panicles,
reduced no. of spikelets per
panicle, and delayed
maturity
• Use results of MOET test and Rice Crop Manager as basis
in properly determining the amount of S to apply.
• The amount of sulfur in 14-14-14-12S (12% sulfur) as
recommended to treat P and K deficiencies is adequate to
correct usual sulfur deficiency.
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SULFUR (S)
Right Timing
Application
TPR 0-14 DAT
DWSR 0-14 DAS
Organic
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
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Right technique of application of granular inorganic
fertilizer
• Incorporate fertilizer into the soil for better absorption of nutrients and
to avoid nutrient leaching and N volatilization.
• Apply only 30% of the total N
requirement during the 1st
application.
• Apply topdress fertilizer at low
water depth (2-5 cm) to reduce N
volatilization, and nutrient run-off.
• Apply fertilizer during the cooler
part of the day (particularly after
3:00 PM) to avoid N losses.
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Input Output Outcome
• right • sufficient nutrients
elements during tillering to early
from fertilizer panicle initiation and • High yield
used flowering • Higher
• right amount • more tillers/panicles/ profit
of fertilizer grains • Minimal
applied • increase cost damage to
• right timing of efficiency and nutrient environmen
fertilizer uptake t
application • minimized pollution to
followed the environment
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Production Assistant:
Mr. Kremlin del Castillo
Technical Reviewers:
Mr. Wilfredo Collado; Ms. Evelyn Javier
Courseware Reviewers:
Ms. Lea dR. Abaoag; Ms. Ev Angeles
Note:
Presentation produced in 2019 based on results of a
series of consultation workshops with PhilRice R&D
staff; adapted from instructional presentation
produced by PhilRice in 2011.
You may use, remix, tweak, & build upon this
presentation non-commercially. However, always
use with acknowledgment.
Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are
PhilRice staffers.
10/29/2019 RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT31
FUND
Review!
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
What nutrient element is critical in the following stages:
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Zinc Sulfur
Organic
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Matching game
S def
Zn def K def
N def
P def
N def P def K def S def Zn def
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THANK YOU
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND