SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

&

DETAILED SYLLABUS
for

LLB. HONS. Three Year

Course

(w.e.f. batch 2023 Onwards)

Or-

CHHATRAPATI SHAHU JI MAHARAJ UNIVERSITY,KALYANPUR,KANPUR,

UTTAR PRADESH,208024

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FIUST YEAR
SEMESTER-I
CONSTITUTIOiNAL LAVV-I
LLBHNIOI

Course Learning Objective:

• To provide understanding of basic concepts of Indian Constitution.
• T ^ tinderstand Fundamental rights and its application.
The students wdl be able to understand the concept ofSecularism and its application and
also able to know about Fundamental Duties to evaluate it with Fundamental Rights.
The .students will be able to understand the Rights enforcement remedy and Judicial
Acuvism and gain ability to discuss contemporary problems.
UNIT -I I ntroduction
Meaning of Constitution, Constitutionalism and Constitutional Law
Form of Government- Presidential and Parliamentary
Nature of Indian Constitution
Salient features of Indian Constitution
Preamble of the Indian Constitution
Citizenship and Status of Non-Residential Indians
[Link]-2 Fundamental Rights I
• General
• Meaning of State, Concept of State Instaimentality —
• Doctrine of Eclipse, Severability, Waiver, Distinction between Pre
and Post Constitutional Laws
• Right to Equality
Right to Equality, Doctrine of Reasonable Classtfication and
Principle against Arbitrariness
Reservation/ Protective Discrimination, Issues and Challenges
UNIT-3 Right to Freedom
• Fundamental Freedoms and Reasonable Restrictions
Proleclioiis to accused: ex posl-facto, double Jeopardy and self-
mcrimination

• Prolcciion of Lil'c and Personal Liberty

• Right lo Fducalion

Explmimmr'"'"^' against
• Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour, Prohibition of
Employmcnl of Children, Right to Freedom of Religion,Cuitural and
hducatioiial Rights

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UN -4
• Ri^lit to Coiistitutioniil Remedies, Directive Principles and Fundamental
Duties
• Right to Constitutional Remedies: Writs including (Executive
writs, Directions and Orders)
• Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation
• Directive Principle of State Policy and its relationship with fundamental
rights
• Fundamental Duties

TEXT BOOK:

• D D. Basil. Shorter Constitution of India, 15"' Edition 2018, LexisNexis, Nagpur

• Shukia V.N., [Link] of India, Lucknow: Eastern Book Co.,
• B.K. Sharnia. Introduction to Constitution of India, Prentice Hall.
• J.N. Pandey, Constitution of India..47'^ ed.. Central Law Agency, 2014.
• P.M. Bakshi. Constitution of!ndia.I2"' ed., Universal Publication, 2013
• M.V. Pylce, Constitutional Government in India, Asia Publishing House
• R.C. Agarwal, National Movement & Constitutional Development, S. Chand
Publishing Company
• Prof. Uday Raj Rai, Constitutional Law -1, Eastern Book Company,2016.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
• Seervai H.M. Constitutional Law of India.
• M.P. Jain. Constitution of India. Wadhwa Nagpur
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Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1 CLO 1 Description Bloom's

Taxonomy Level

CLOl
By the end of this course, the students will be able 1,2,3,4,5,6
to list the essentials of constitution and
Constitutionalism. Demonstrate Importance of Remembering,
Federalism in India. Will be able to differentiate Lfnderstanding,
between unitary and federal features. Will be able Apply, Analyzing,
to discuss the concept of Citizenship. The students Evaluate, Create
will be able to compare different institutions of
government under Art. 12 and the applicability of
definition of States in private institutions too.
CL02 By the end ofthis course, the students will be able 1,2,4,5,6
to state Law relating to Rights to Equality
Compare and examine doctrine of intelligible Remember,
differentia with reasonable nexus. Will be able to Understanding,
j

differentiate and discuss Right against Analyzing,

Exploitation and Right to Life and Personal Evaluate, Create
Liberty
By the end of this course, the students will be able
CL03 1,2,3,4,5,6
to state the concept of preventive detention Laws
and Violation of Fundamental Rights. The Remember,
students will be able to illustrate Constitutional Understanding,
Provisions relating to Freedom of Religion and Apply, Analyzing,
Secularism. The students will be able to Evaluating, Create
determine the difference between essentially
religious practices with religious denominations
and examine the constitutional provisions
relating to minority rights. The students will be
able to compare the applicability of the
provisions relating to Directive principles of State
policy and Fundamental Duties.

CL04 By the end of this course. The students will be

1,2,3,4,5,6
able to compare the applicability of the
provisions relating to Directive principles of State
Remember,
policy and Fundamental Duties.
Understanding
Analyzing,
Evaluating,
Create
.

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FAMILY LAW I (HINDU LAW)

LLBHN102

Course Lciirninj» Objective:

• To state (he general principles and sources of Hindu Law.

• To understand the Basic Postulates of Hindu Man'iage.
• To explain the adoptions an(f maintenance under the Hindu Law and analyzing the
guardian and succession under the Hindu Law.
• To examine the concept of the origin and nature of Joint Family and Coparcenaries

UNIT-1 Introduction of Family Laws

• What is family? Characteristics of family, Evolution of Family Law, What

is family law? Different personal law for different communities
• Historical development of Hindu Law, Codification of Hindu law
• Sources of flindii Law: Ancient Sources - Shrutis & Smritis,
Commentaries & Digest, Custom. Modem Sources - Judicial Decisions,
Legislations. Equity, Justice and Good Conscience
• Schools of Hindu Law: Mitakshra School of Law and Dayabhaga School
oi'law.
• Application of Law: Who is a Hindu?

UNiT-2
Marriage under Hindu Law
I. Nature of Hindu Marriage
ii. Definition and Forms of Marriage
iii. Degree of Prohibited relationship and Sapinda relationship
iv. Grounds for Void & Voidable Marriage
V, Registration of Marriage
Dissolution of Marriage:
Nullity. Judicial Separation 8c Restitution of Conjugal Rights
11. Dissolution ol Marriage under Hindu Law: Theories of Dissolution of
Marriage. Grounds of Divorce &Wife's Special Grounds for Divorce,
Divorce by Mutual Consent, Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage

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UMT-3 iVIaintenance, Adoption and Guardianship

• Maintenance under Hindu Law: Provisions under the Hindu Marriage
Act, 1955, Provisions under the Hindu Adoption & Maintenance Act,
1956, Provisions under the Cr.P.C, 1973.
• Adoption under Hindu Law: Who may adopt, who may give in adoption
and who can be adopted, Ceremonies of Adoption & Effects of
Adoption, Relationship of Adopted Child & Proof of Adoption
• Guardianship of person- Natural,Testamentary and Guardian appointed
by court, Guardianship of minors property, Defacto Guardian,
Appointment and Removal of Guardianship, Kinds of guardianship-
guardianship in marriage, person and property.

UNIT.4 1. Joint Hindu Family

i. Concept of joint Hindu family and coparcenary under
Mitakshara and Dayabhaga law and their incidents
ii. Concept of Karta- position and power
lii. Judicial and Legislative Trends- Position Before 2005
iv. Daughter as a Coparcener - Position After 2005
V. Property in Hindu Law
2. Partition

i. Meaning, division of right and division of property

ii. Persons who have a right to claim partition and who are entitled to a share
iii. Partition how cITecled and suit for partition
iv. Re-opening of partition and Re-union
V. Points of similarity and distinction between the Mitakshara and the
Dayabhaga Laws
[Link] Succession Act, 1956
i. Intestate Succession
ii. Succession to a Hindu Male: Heirs of a Hindu male, Class I Heirs and
their Shares, Class 11 Heirs and their Shares, Agnates and cognates
til. Succession to properly of a Hindu Female: Property inherited from
Father or Mother, Property inherited from Husband or Father-in-Law
iv. General rules of Succession: Full-blood preferred to half-blood, Mode
of succession of (wo or more heirs, Right of a child in the womb
[Link].

TEXT BOOKS:

• J.D.M. Derrell- Hindu Law, Vikash Publication New Delhi

• ParasDiwan, Hindu Law, Allahabad Law Ase

y 2/
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• Or,[Link]. Hindu Law {Hindi), Allahabad Law Agency

• .Kusuin&f .[Link], Lecture on Hindu Law, Lexis Nexis Butterworth

REFERENCE BOOKS:
• iVIulla -Hindu Law,(ISih Ed. 2002) Butterwoilh Publication
• Nagpal, R.C., Modern Ffindu Law, Eastern Book Company.

Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CLO I Description Bloom's

Taxonomy
Level

CLOI By the end of this course, the students will be able to

interpret who is Hindu? What is Application of Hindu Law. 1,2,3,4,5,
Students will be able to explain concept of Dlianna and
classify the sources of Hindu Law. They will be able to
develop their knowledge about ancient sources; shnUi^ smriti, Remembering,
digest and commentaries and custom; and they will easily Understanding,
analyze Modern sources; equity,justice and good conscience, Apply,
precedent and legislation, Students will be able to make their Analyzing,
opinion regarding importance of dharma shastras on Evaluate,
legislation and discuss Milakshara and Dayabhaga Schools. Create

h-
C1.02 By the end of this course, the students will be able to,
know what is Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 & explain Nature 1,2,4,5,6
and concept of Hindu Marriage, organize essential conditions
Remember,
ol a Hindu Marriage, examine the consequences for violating
these conditions and ceremonies of marriage. Students will Understanding,
be able evaluate Analyzing,
Matrimonial Remedies; Judicial separation and Divorce under Evaluate,
Hindu Law. Create

CL03 of" ihis course, the students will be able to

define Adoption; and interpret what are essentials and 1,2,3.4,5,6
easily identify the effects (sec. 6 - 12 of Hindu adoption &
Remember,
I Maintenance Act, 1956), Students will be able to examine
the provisions relating to maintenance under Hindu Understanding,
■ Adoption & Mainienance Act. 1956. (sec. 18, sec. 19, sec. 20, Apply,
>ec. 24 and sec 25) Analyzing,
Able to iiUoiprei the provisions ol Maintenance (o neglected Evaluating,
wives, divorced wives, minor children, and elaborate the Create
' provisions related to disabled children and parents (see P5
l&l27Cr.P.C).

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1 They will be able to discuss Hindu Minority and guardianship

act, 1956: Meaning of guardianship, kinds and power of
guardiansliip (sec. 6-13); rights, obligations and elaborate
disqualitication of guardian.

CL04 'Students will be able interpret what is Origin & nature of 1.2,3,4,5,6
Joint Family and classify Coparcenary, Characteristic features
of Coparcenary, They will organize the types of properties. Remember,
They will be able to analyze the concept of Karta their Understanding,
position, powers and liabilities, privileges and obligations. Applying,
They will be Able to define Partition, determine the Persons
entitled to demand partition, and interpret the theories of Analyzing,
Reopening and Reunion, Students will be able to elaborate Create
Hindu [Link] Act 1956- (Section 6, 8 & 14 of Hindu
Siicce-ssion Act.1956)and Slridhan - Hindu Wornpn's Right to
(
properly

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 New Svliahtis

Law of Crimes -1(Bhai tiva Nvava Sanhital rCcnt-ral Prinrinl»^)

LLBHN103
Coui-se Learning Objecfive:
• To stale the general principles ofcrime.
• To develop the understanding of the tiieories of [Link] and
punishment. various types of
of Uie various general defences and the [Link] of the
piivate defences available against body and property.
committed by public sej-vants and it related punishment
and the difference between common object and common intention.

UNIT -1 Introduclion to substantive criminal law

Obiectives behind enactment of Bhartiva Nvava Sanhita. 202.1

Main differences between IPG and BhartivaNvavaSanhita. 202^
Meaning and definition of Crime
Fundamental elements of crime; human being, actus reus, mens
rea, and injuiy
Stages 111 commission of crime: Intention, Preparation and
Attempt, commission of crime
Extent, operation and Jurisdiction of BNS
UNIT-2 General Explanations and Exceptions
• Definition
• Mistake, Judicial and executive Acts
• Accident, Necessity, hifancy, Insanity
• Intoxication, Consent, Good faith,
• Private Defense
lJNIT-3 DifTcrent kinds of criminal liability under BNS
Principles of criminal liability - Individual and Joint Liability,
Joint and Constructive Liability
Common Intention and Common Object
Vicarious Liability
Inchoate Crimes: Abetment (abetment of a thing, abettor, abetment
in hidia of ofienccs outside Lidia, Abetment outside India for
.offence in India, Punishment for abetment). Criminal Conspiracy
(Definition and ])u]rishment) and Attempt
 UNIT-4 Punishment
• Theories of Punishment: Deterrent, Retributive, Preventive,
Expiaton' and Reformative Tlieory
• The scheme of punishment under BNS: Capital Punishment
Imprisonment for life. Imprisonment. Forfeiture of Drooertv. Fine.
Community Service

TFAT BOOKSr

• Bare Act of BhartivaNvava Sanhita. 2023

REFERKNCE BOOKS!

• Vageshwari DeswaJ. Saurabli Kansal. BhartivaNvava Sanhita 2Q23|Law aiid Practice. Taxmann's
Course Learning Outcomes(CLO):
On coinplelion of this course, the students will be able to:

CLO Description Bloom's

Taxonomy
Level

CLOl By die end of this course, the students will be

ableto list the essentials of crime. Demonstrate 1,2,3,4,5,6
the application of mens rea in detemiining Remembering,
criminal liability. Will be able to differentiate -
Understanding,
between crime and otlier wrongs and discuss the
Apply,
various stages of crime. The students will be
able to compare the applicability of mens rea Analyzing,
and actus reus and the difference between Evaluate, Create
preparation and attempt stage.
CL02 By the end of this course, die students will be
ableto state die difference between mistake of 1,2,3,4,5,6
fact and mistake of law. The students will be
able to illustrate the requirements of various Remember,
general defences. The students will be able to Understanding,
determine the difference between mcdicaJ and
Apply,
legal insanity and examine the liability in case
of intoxication. The students will be able to Analyzing,
conipai*c the applicability of tlic ]>iovisions Evaluating,
relating to jirivaledefences.
Create |
CLO Students will be able to list out the difference
3 between common intention and common object. 1,2,3,4,5,6
The students will be able to explain and apply the
law relating to abetment and conspiracy. The Remember,
students will be able to analyze and interpret the Understanding,
requirements foroffences relating to public servant. Applying,
The students will be able to compare the Analyzing,
provisions relating to rioting and affray Create

ChO Compare and examine the different theories of 1,2,4,5,6

4 punishment. Will be able to differentiate and Remember,
discuss tlie different types of punishment. Understanding,
Analyzing,
Evaluate, Create

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interpre i ahoiN' of statu tes and principle of legislation

LLBHNI04

Course Learning Objective:

• To Understand and apply the basic principles and guiding ades relating to inteipretation
and to know its object
• To Remember the meaning of different maxims used in interpretation and its application
while interpreting.
• To let the student know, analyze and apply the internal and external aids of interpretation.
• lo Examine the effect of repeal and expiry of statutes and the interpretation of different
statutes.

UNIT-I Introduction & General Principles of Interpretation

Meaning and scope of Interpretation
Diflcrcncc between interpretation and Construction
lilcni icgis and Htera logic
Hannonious Construction
Mischief Rule
Golden Rule as a modification of Literal Rule
UNIT-2
Aids of Interpretation & Operation ofStatutes
Internal Aids to the Interpretation
External Aids to the Interpretation
Meaning of Statute and Legislation
Prospective and Retrospective operation ofStatutes
Amendment and Repeal ofStatutes
I .NIT-3 jStrict Construction of Statutes & Interpretation of Constitution
• Interpretation ofTaxing Statute
• Interpretation of Penal Statute
• interpretation of the Constitution
UNIT-4 Maxims of Interpretation
ut res magis valeat quam pereat
noscitur a sociis
ejusdem generis
Expressio unius est Exclusio alterius
Contcniporanca Exposito Est Optima ct fortissimo in iegc
The General [Link] Act. 1897
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TEXT ROOKS
• iVIaxwell Interpretation of Statutes
• Mathur, D. N. Interpretation ofStatutes
• Bhallticluirya, T. Interpretation of Statutes
• Singh. G.P. Interpretation ofStatutes

REFERENCES:

Bindra, N.S. Interpretation of Statutes

Swaroop. Jagdish Intei-pretation of Statutes

Course Learning OutcOfties(CLO);

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CLO Description Bloom's

Taxonomy Level
CLO By the end of this course, the students will be able to
make use of the Basic Principles and Guiding rules 1,2,3,4, 5,
of Interpretation. And discuss the Object of
interpretation. Students will Demonstrate the
understanding of the various rules of interpretation Remembering,
and evaluate their role in case laws. Will be able to understanding
list and differentiate between the Mandatory and Apply, Analyzing,
Directory Statutes Evaluating,
Creating
CL02 The students will be able to define and illustrate the
lyanous types of statutes. The students will be able to 1,2, 3, 4„
lidenfify the internal and external aids of 5,6
jlnicrpretation and Examine the other Principles of
jlnierprclalion. I he students will be able to state and Remembering,
interpret the rule of Presumptions and its Understanding
applicability and will discuss the Strict and Liberal Apply, Analyzing,
Construction. Students will evaluate the Expiry and Evaluating,
repeal of statutes with the help of case laws Creating
CL03 Students will evaluate the construction of taxing
statutes. Penal statutes. 4, 5,6
Analyzing,
Evaluating,
Creating
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CL04 The students will remember and be able to apply the

General Clauses Act,1897. They will also be able to [Link] 1,2,3,4. 5.6
jthe principles ofinterpretation. The students will be able to Remembering,,
janalyze & discuss various maxims used in interpretation understanding
e.g. Kulc ol [Link]'m generis [Link] a Socits.
Apply,
Analyzing,
Evaluating,
Creating

^Y

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LAW OF TORTS & CONSUiMFR PROTECTION AND MOTOR VEHICLES ACT

LLBHNI05

Course Learning Objectives:

• f o understand the general principles of tort
• To examine the essentials of a tort
To explain general principles ol'tortuous liability and defenses available
• To analyze the basic principles relevant to specific torts
UNH -1 Basic Principles of Law of Tort
Historical development of Laws ofTorts and applicability in India. Basic foundation
of Law ofTorts, Meaning, Ingredients, Relevancy of Mens Rea &. Malice, Felonious
& Foreign Tort, Constituents of Tortuous liability,Immunity from tortuous liability -
Husband and wife relationship, married women and Act of State.
UNIT-2 Jusliftcalion - Inevitable accident. Act of God, Statutory Authority, Strict Liability,
Volcnii-non lit injuria. Vicarious liability - By relation and ratification Doctrine of
1 C ouiso ol employment, C ommon employment, independent Contractor. Remedies &
Damages : .ludiclal & Extra-judicial remedies Direct & consequential Cause
Remoteness test. '

LlNIT-3 7orts relating to Person - [Link]. Battery, False ImprisoniTient, Malicious

[Link], Torts relating to Property-Trespass, Nuisance, Defamation, Negligence,
Contributory Negligence, res ipsci loquitor. Nervous Shock.

UNIT-4 rhe Consumer Protection Act 1986: Sections-2, and 9-27.

fhe Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 Preiimitiary - Sec, 1 and 2., Registration of Motor
Vehicles - Sec.39,43,50 and 55., Claims Tribunals-Sec.165, 173 and 175, Offences
'cnalliesand Procedure - Sec.177, 180, 183, 184, 185. 195, 196 and 208'
f

TEX I BOOKS;

• Ratanlal and Dhirajlal. Law ofTorts. Nagpur: Wadhwa and co.

• R K Bangia, Law ofTorts, Allahabad law Agency
REFERENCE BOOKS:

• Salmond & Heuston-Law ofTorts, Universal Publication, Delhi, 2000.

• WiMllcId & Jolowiz on Tort; I9"'., Sweet and Maxwell, London
lleppic Jiid Malhcws, Tort: Cases and Materials, Nexis^utterworth's Wadhwa Nagpur

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Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CLO 1 Description Bloom's

1
Taxonomy Level

CLOl
F^y the end of this course, the students will be able tc
1,2,3.4.5
tell Meaning of Tort, Development of Law of Torts ir1
England and in India Demonstrate the understanding^ Remembering,
of Legal Remedy- ibiremedium. Will be able tc Understanding,
interpret Nature and definition of torts anc
Apply, Analyzing,
differentiate between law of tort and law of torts
Evaluating
Evaluate the importance of law of tort and Act and
omission, Legal damages etc.

CL02 The students will be able to interpret general

1,2,3,4,5
defenses of torts and point out defense of Act of God
and Inevitable Accident and differentiate between
Remembering,
two. Will be able to elaborate plaintiff the wrong doer Understanding,
1 and voltnni non fit mjuha. The students will be able to
Apply, Analyzing,
exhibit and evaluate the doctrine of Strict Liability,
Evaluating
Absolute Liability, and Vicarious Liability.

CL03 The students will be able to state Concept of

1,2, 3,4, 5
Negligence, Res ipsa loquitor. Contributory negligence
and illustrate Concept of Nuisance. The students will
Remembering,
be able to determine the Torts against person; Torts
Understanding,
affecting body- Assault, Battery, False imprisonment,
Apply, Analyzing,
and critically evaluate &exatnlne the Defamation,
Torts afrectiiig reputation-Libel and Slander and Torts Evaluating
affecting freedom-Malicious Prosecution.
_j.
C L()4 i The students will be able to explain the principles 2
1
concerning the vicarious liability. Strict Liability, Absolute Explain
1
liability.
1
L

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LAW OF CONTRACT-1
LLBHNI06

Course Learning Objective:

• To analyze how contract is fonnccJ and Its essential elements.
• To develop the understanding of eligibility to contract and the validity of
contract.

• To know the modes of discharge of contract.

• To examine the remedies available for breach of contracts
UNIT-I Formation of Contract
• Meaning and nature of Contract
• Olfer/Proposal-Definition, Communication, Revocation, Types, Invitation to
ofTcr

• Acccptancc-Delinition. Communication, Revocation, Tenders/Auctions

1 LNIT-2 Consideration

• Detlnition. Essentials, Privity of Contract

• Capacity to Contract - Minor's Agreements and its effects - Persons of
unsound mind - Persons disqualified by Law
• Free Consent-Coercion, Undue influence. Misrepresentation, Fraud, Mistake
• Unlawful consideration and object
• Effect of void, voidable, valid, illegal, unlawful, uncertain agreement
• Contingent Contracts.

UNIT-3 Discharge of Contract

• Discharge of Contracts and its various Modes -

1 I. By perfomiance (Time and Place of Performance)
1
: i li By Agreement
iii. Doctrine of frustration (Impossibility of Performance)
n. Breach - Anticipatory breach and Actual breach
t/Ni r-4 Q?uasi contract and Remedies for Breach of Contract
• Quasi contract
• Remedies for breach of contract: Damages- Kinds, Remoteness etc.,
Inilinrtinn SneciFicPerFnrmanrp rinanhim

TEXT BOOKS:

Singh Avtar, Law of Contract,! edition. Eastern Book Co, 2013.

R.K Bangia. Law of Contract-1". Allahabad Law Agcncy,/^015.
o

^ l-™ '""-•"on.

• Pollock & MuHa.: "Indian Contract Act", Sultan Chand, New Delhi
Anson,"Law of Contract" Universal Publication, Delhi

Course Learning Outcomes(CLO);

On completion of this course, the students will be able to;

(LO Description Bloom's [Link]

Level
CLOl By the end ot this course, the students will
be able to state the essentials of contracts. 1.2,4,6
Interpret and discuss the importance of Remembering,
Consideration - Nudum Pactum and
analyze the effects of Privity of contract. Understanding,
Analyzing, Create
CL02 The students will be able to tell and review
the validity of contract. They will be able to 1.2, 4, 5, 6
test the Capacity to Contract. Student will
evaluate and discuss the effect of void, Remembering,
voidable, valid contracts. Understanding,
Analyzing, Evaluating,
Create
CL03 The students will be able to summarize the
dilfcrent modes ot discharge of contract. 1.2,3,4,6
The students will be able to use the different
doctrines of contract as practicing lawyers. It Remembering,
will enable them to discuss and differentiate Understanding, Applying,
between Anticipatory breach and Actual
breach and tell its effect Analyzing, Create

CL04 The students will be able to state the forum and

the cases under which remedy for breach of 1.2,3,6
amtract will be available. Rnabic Ihcm to
identily the \alidily of Quasi contract. The Remembering,
students will be able to calculate and discuss Understanding. Applying,
the damages for Breach of Contracts
Create

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