Ge Gs)
A® pes Y
G0) ger UO) iz ove face]
vokere Cs) = Lriolef LCaiptme g 4}
| Ls wasicatly 4 the ratio i real ad Pee OF
| & QC) = LT Ei]p)
|,
t, 1 ommplerel detouine Her behaviours dtr eee |
fe any tue t>o, |
4 Stok Spruce > # Ga mode! any Systeue. soe Vernlil tan TF |
|
|
Ls The variable initial stake(Goudition Musk be fenotm to dekenuina
ths ofp aie Yer State Variables,
CE, for the previons probluu, Y asahga
i Carrel theme Yoo Caducoy :
_ A Voltage acroull te Orpacitor, . \
—> Beauty ~ for am n+ ordbr, vil osder ay" ane taklised {required
~ wand) wt a
Free a). bd ue
=
ofp
— input vector [neatrix
> Syste Makis | oy
Re Gx QU PRSak G
Pe QS be
Out State Veeor [ot Joresed tera.
v
Oudpu Yeclor Mabie
ae LCT RCT,
Ye Men HR
ic. L Lc
M, 7h Consichring
Vv
Le path ovalysis 4 Force balance, w5
dire bode = Mit
de ae
t -KuX- be = ME FG)
L toldg Lape = Lf ~ Ks ~ bx) = MPXG)
With re vol Grabs. however, Wt can equafe He mrcianicel
Syston with Yo behavioral chosackeristicn ‘ am avalojous RUC Crt
Ly
ve a
= bbs Met kee
oaal
re de, ed’v yw L-rusyclan ep
Rd a 4 sixin RLEG
b
Ine tO 7 OY 4 th with Cura foo
a Se Analogy
¥ o x L sy skew refi
a Lut REC Cire
for wecdbomical Syst osuxell ths tote spe u jw avidally
reabsble. 1 r.
Ths Stoke vaniablic: im tol oa yooudd be WI 4
"He pati Ke
oN
t - Kove m,%, —O ~
ye (aq-%) — b%, = mK, —O
lt = hig = mage mi, |_—®
{ee ee
fi
: a\i
Dise -
7 —=—_ Viscoas
7 = KorDs +70
The ouhal conditions
are ae fe known
be fox an
whick rewsiser
® &
‘aid ea Gy)
Thu,
Wi ho (eutd Order
Systm
L, Oieplomnat |
Veloukie
| jw Mechanical ss |
slr Val
Inductor tol
for Chica Sis
fluid (0) —@
Tr, +a,
“b+
= Bre
—&
uy
Cm eG 7, 6p -
= 5,0, Le
Tu bk Pe Me |
Zp ae a4
2 teu, le
4 Ny
Ng.
M, Be
S thew
877,
= 6,
Tr
Wt,
) 8 + Nyy
ya, ft Gos
i ee
a
+ aoe
8,677, 91 ye
= B,
oul
) 6+ ie Elecrowechousical Siku
7 Arnahurt Coutrolled De Motor
Pies for aealysis 9 Ha creat:
This acunory do tonledoun Vs
difprential er i “ths See if
Vin tom) dha Traughe futebion
TB tay tha éladrcal Sde.[Caubel }
fel [ee Berd. é,|
‘ fo Ms Mawel Sao]
Paling ta to sie, |G = Tee +90 |
z,
dw
oe
G a
aK,
%
um = G4 | [fo wf
Serre —-
in wy tk é,
Via 5 Ba [3 0 1b. i : (qo, aw | + Gw
Vin = [P28 Jw ¥ [Rela tabs y LT ig
m [iss s)m +(e + taf + . w —€i) "£02 8%) —O
cy
k
\(s) = R194 Les QS) + £)-—®@
f= Caw
N
£6) = & w(s) =<))
k
S\
am = TW + Bw
b
cals) =Ts-+ 8) 16) —®
from te 4,
vil). ese reee) ees] Ff} — w0s)
af | ea | Lo | esq |
89
ei
Ls Tis Hs Bl fy
qe systen
Te brabret Ys Spod y GS
Wee] Vin (s) \
1 Souser hasliher ‘i
REM Pia
fee ten k—_——_
Ctachonaler ) Sensor A
7 f todrill Piolo mil
Sport nau
inkjet os) Blockage |
“4 arom FF $
Fesiticos Conbraller Blo rn
Pgh Paint
qt E
. woken th Exuillbrium, § = 0
7 nye Cond variable
Let 20,
Magne Cvorey Stored’ tn Corl = 1 LO) i:
™,
Ror [ow - day Le L(y)
dt ictowtt | at F with approximations union do exbiily { wan lend En
L, Leb
Tel
in
dk
Mes tide ti ch
ae * yh =)
By comueaion tye dive i Tales fo be dovomnsds | bere |
| l oo foue la tpooands indie’
5 _ i 4e. Ca) = “4 La ety
= i for
4 Nees hie wate lore = NC
Te = Le rb
alt Reluclaree a
= wp
a
&
; i Se
aa f= We sadide . Md
ae Rast ot dt
te Law
“S Rp
33 et
ae Pee § 1)
5B WA Poh jes
L
NM
=
of,
:
Very high :
is ve x Node
“ol
ier
pu] = Deal
[He &
Faw dob (0 lowshit |) eloginl Sel CHAD Sigur 3())
h Vredaley Re ace! |
AF Ascucnplions
" fry botfvale a sige ‘) Prey Dope slalciny
Dealhanfe X se Mid N, Redo Popslodion
bos elie Birth pote x “fe ) frey a Livdagoy are
| a Ve aton is fol (pret Le on
EY
VL pears | Ov Joud “yy ly
} S echdor Doct Ab & sy f A usher
4 fey +» Unlimited fo! &y i
ae en threat to 40 hy Shor Han {eo spew fe pros
we He
Rey > 10)
Redato — B(t)
——
4 Ee - |
Sep Behalf Assumpli <
bo
2 - Kid, 1,86
dt
wi | ‘Thus dhe MY feretil Gralione one
‘
poe ul ion
are wR KN a8
By, . “yb, " He hy By
dt i :
I Lotha Volterra ‘Gimtion
5 9
Chol Rovlatls velo hail} Rov, Assumplio f
| , i Key cured 16 high cum fo he a poustad volute ty
I In = Med hy 8, f ro)
elfde
‘
? | fle at prodeition aly Hop fe :
my Aor | in Aigle oe fo bea Qhustaut f
4 dt, ABRAY Ky t L
i BSP Man @ pe Gnearisafion :
bn a Hook wad vividly | faorigahion proud
La vrai ii frill Swath)
yl
ES Renee G a aren oe
* Ubilived 7 linccrrigg ct nom linear raniP about an operatic
Paint actu Ste, He fusion i “indifitely if frenAable' 1
sey Te GG) YC Sh vovit |)
fan,
i: aoe {3 a : sil ao
. eae 51 foo] ee
Kes ¥ Veo yh Ded
ag pe
| =f69) pete este I
| Poaese| ped
le atte vd n) {a GH Higloy odor ern,
elle i Hdl)
\ \
Y ye ye (0%) (4-%)
Vb ee + LNAR |
TY fe “i ot
a oo.
Me (« a mulhvoriable Systeux,
Hi “ford | [eyes
ay wb (2%
cone "pele LB ey J
Sy 44,
— . 4% = “1,
+ ae. . a
2%,
7 A Mey , X ee
J
-old %, %..%)\ (x
(Sa SM , Hye )
N=0
| ; os, Leh,
4%
with appresiuiom .
Ys You d mee) Ob] ae \
y de “l OX ry pr O%s %) |
\ uN |
NRXy Wh .
B ne! Fe & Mere Comler Gye ) * eulinio? is ii fh
xo. “(x0 000 uct) he ne
pee
“Taylor Seve | oe
Opry poet = bes at
|. bane
Fes Yt du f
Wu, 70U
ca + Ho) [ee
1 rH ¥ . Ly oe
Ce eh
* sea ny
oat,
+
a Bhatt ws cope
a
Fra UFUy Li + Bile
Po Jos - | ) + a1 (Ow) Tasha
‘F2We Ue. Thi result we for as (, non (amr DE
Cousides © Nonliucore seston whore h @I Lat n m “on
Vetiablu ax present.” 1
Y 6 _ ah of
2 +
% = =f (mK kay Uy Uy Un) (
: Maly Us (Mow lias
he? be (4, 4 -- allt Ua ), Difpeafel 6
a> qn bt hy Uj Uy -—~ Ma)
wolort cpg Poin ia :
2h (M5 Ta, ae Mays Uagrthgs >= Uy)
fons % = 4, dK,
Ly May 7 OH,
om = %ngt OH,
+
v= 2h) (a0) + Mh fan) ob (x)
gu ree |
Suue Nonsense for Peromeltr ud}
poly, hor Yew are evalutee rey en Yoo, Mobriy,
be i
0%, |
"fa
v, ae aN
mon /3h] Blo x Ou , — nw
nya
> Yy
a — |
2. “- ay 4
Oty ny OH, HA" op
FP Thin Matrix 1 Ha QACOBIAN MaTRtx | gt Uivaneigabion i nl ” wy reh rhe vbton shop.
me = 97 ash
[tp Shp + Das ti Spat Bub
Hr se = by
‘ aed bo)
[sup — Tow lose Cipeuasion b apprerinabior
migra't) = etl og [ced alfa
oul. ul,
%o yo GS
“eae Ty F®
pi “Lalo + Lo
eee
ee eB
J
an La mi
f “at
eee ul ga Hep yr
Ths, Gmsidrivy Cousturh,
ee
jaw = Hpac - u, 4%. |—+ Gstoe Dipenbal
Gin
pee : il
2s ———
be dion (2) 2 TK [ig
(2) s+, |
AtMdfods to. fal “a ) foribion
Bloch Dias som Method C indi thio {Te DAt
L, Sim| Flow pull Heo (iene }
ee
gl YG) wit RO) [Peat f Serr
Fr YS with D6) 16) > 4 29
RG DE)
Dis)=0
és) 2 RG) - ¥G) C9)
+ -
y6) = fee) fees po) | i‘ ges)
r= PCs) - 4,65) HG) 4
{5} = €(s) + CG) + GCs)
4 4,0) = |e - 1,0) 0) |: cG) -GG)
i 4)[rs q(s)c Cs) K)] = AGC) $6)
sb et if fired
yor Ow
ee | 1 BEB) =)
D¢s)- ;
felled! P fo 4
v
RG)=>
+
© EO = ~4O-H6)
W
WG) = [e- co * 6) Ges)
= [bes) - CR HO] GO,
|
46) ft 7 “a0) 4e5] = Dts) Ges)
I+ HEMI ;
| 46) |. = Gl be Ge
[05 ba “pee
tte Ailledh fat
| Ya- We , 19
2G): RE) GL9GE) —__ DES) GON
TT HG) COC brgis) Hoyeb) "9 = Gor[ecyzco) + ay]
1+,C6)- HG) -¢0)
DY
Lr Shiny Brocte f
No) aaa ye) Ns) = ‘fA
1.
BG [ft .
mS jt 8g) OF
. | ‘ fe thn Lonvorsion, nt) FRfadh
yoy Mat HO)-GC) «
AG
leo tn order to boop He Siu
yo |. Soman’ o
Ney FB |
Cae
ctl an St pg)
fa ->@— YG) [49 fe
po Ky
8G) << _pesyeCs) * 86) Fics)
3 fag) + Ra: Ines) | 6c)
(G03).
“oly
i
. a
: o = ag a
pate LAGtc lee kee LE
oe a3 Ca Typ
: ~ Ble!
{ b | “|
{
le a Wy)
G
%
a} ot
S| eo
—|>
rd .
or
Ma) ot
we wt
QO) oe
ad
we
in
wo
Ct
f
u ee
AF Sil flow Graph ee — Tey Naffieisofice
~
eel urd = Mason's Goin floemata
© 1) Noda or 7 poieh ore ured fo represent ble 8)
ape he Rpraat” VV Vewriabley ) “a
' ii) Nodes ove corded by luk ‘Seqnueesh. called i
: “acolyte ‘ost ell oan a
Wt) Bromclr are axtorined te Brees gaia hediredtina
iv) a Sigua cam Hrausie froueull Wray « a breach oul, Ce 2
d) tau gate :
» Tle Nodss?— oy thor note wohidh ny how oy
i nl F- = undo eaiide cul howe tami
fek- A pile a we any callin | atouhuew Suction 4
brothas feared ia tea ben det
Final H+ A fonood Fait 2 pall taot chat of
on cle node pp ends at an’
low roth, no no node Ly, trovereed weore
hon Cua.
boy im A loop ia 0 pal — ovigivaty Wtemunabe ox
tient vos eich. wo ® Bthoy weds ba
Crcnsedered ware teow orn. ee Antitaaa Y,
7 Seth. + “ak |
Y= ayl £4 + My 7
Ye Soe Mir ee
we
Ly as to fi 4 7)
\ a
{inst Objeckive 4 i dro Hr ‘siquel flow sraph accordiny fo tha
gree § we 4 ale brave ie ie tou t vs, Bart at
‘ He, Ni iu Ke ip node
4} 4, W Ye Op wade
‘ [aw be etttor chteaved
sl, flout ype & :
‘Le t Horyle equahion;
Yi caly out goin
Ba !
to tly a |
=
ee PP Wie
ON > Bhns frond ant
Noe Gam 2 Rak front pk. . ‘
A= t= CSum gd Qa } all dsdidea! Js
t ? = voy ee { all pole Ro wR
= Gee } Resech d ake “4 al! powlble thre non
inal tops) | my
+ (Fissach a} grins { all gee ncn frais oo)
3, = Te BS Jo Ber ent qt Sigual {low
Jeph Gre] Hat born Lay ca Ha ue
Pad pH. 71
joe Polos engl, then ane 3 omen pats pref.
b [we3Le
MM, = 969258 ae 7 : ue
Ms Fes, Doge
i WB, = 0,6,
Por RENEE E> 4, = 3a,
a = Xeq ay
ig , ulH
By taploce yade iach ww
po
m
Ana ely
gsh+ 4 Ot aA s+ ane FY
: bs”, bs | as bare Too = Zens
1 rods <" folu’
Beroy — Fen af vohich ofp 0 erm TIF fe = 0
Rls — Point at which o]p = 0 to TIFF, =
= Gnqulosty [ianddlnad )
lee + Shictly props (1m >n)
Tree
men 7 lynpmp -
Every procical situahion| syste considered id Causal in nadure
Tic dapeude on park Prewt Yalu df tis afr ]-Thus, emmy prackal
Trams|r Function vill be Pop ° kaso a HOt
2 Mowe forw Me =e _ Sp
GG) = BS™* Bs... Bm, St “|
econ reste eal
s+ Aste Seas tat:
Zewu !
oe
3 at
Yee - le ao 2, ) ---G- al
Cs-P)Cs- BD - - (4)
vy fan? |
Blu L FE Re Zeve foo |
a je Moduli a
[4 Peps on Signe habe det spel
src-V(s) + ¥Cs) = VG)
z
VG) eS | oe [
Vint D Res + J
| Frvece Laplas
dor unit 6 Cmpulee 5 eel Borate: inped =
[WO- te L io he
EL
7% =RC > Con replace
B
w
+
fe. t
for unit step inpab, —),
u(s) =
YG) =
1
SCzSt 1)
cere
| (Erpa0s+h,) +h)
Took are eS Dictinck
GOO ea apelin tate he, |
GR) G4) Gn)
fs — ceo Boel lease ae It
69) SP SP, a6,
!
rnulhplying S+Pi om a sid
qe) (s+p,) = Kp, + Mey CFB) cg (s+)
| GP PY Gh)
bela Se =k at
se
) seocsrn) = ly | .
f Only 1) wots gre ARAB Dkhnc
T) J | a | :
Ee acres re) 3 "ve Ve
“Y6 ue »
= Ke iy
| Ss (ars
| J
: 40s |
S=o
= = I
erp ==
l= OCD]
See ae =
Ss =
| 7 =
1° gq i (~ s “ak
fey iw Oi e— Wlpul
~~.
L HG = i-e [+
» Groping t ooh
Wing
ee
oukpoh
a be - 7
| wiltin 2 |
ext i [1 ae
4 : ey wl
a + fo Seranmp inp |
u(s) = 4
L
ge boy =
d sCes+) S-HG-)
F for mpalel
7 pols oredichih, k % S* pola > Tepeching
‘
= iG)
7 Cp. ER- Ry) (O-PrY
eh Be he Hor Gu fed:
oct So 5B s-f [remprevions
een oeslles Kore w+ Hoy bom Toa Gaba M/
Gr) CR ea
+ i
ee
for flare, multiply ee Tiglaié rect, (CR) hen
a Botti sides A clevine (bufivouly \ each Coefficiaat
ay :
Iam 2 GR) NOD
DG)
S=P;
vv
edfs- PD -wl9 |
Mo 06)
S* Pr
d at t-0 — utp = 6
ak tw of fag vabosts
!
eftc xo
foe
: Exror u_=@
——
Se
Tabs Laploc Trawslorm, toning inkiel cuditiow fo be Bee
{
10. in
UG) PR ays 7 1G
cL
Lor ps 3 6 Lpsee =
ane
[ee - Yu, x wm fo 1 [-D ea
fe ox ¥ <1
Ly Vndrdonped yen Oat a
5, = Fonsjo T-¥y
Cs Gentex fevjugak Bee
rc =
‘r #3 = a
pont Feely damped "ee
cee
L Gua! » k vepedel veal fot.
2) fog Yr!
5 eo Sy to
Sn = Ft wT" |
a
i Distind~ recs bu, | 4) a)
L Undone ay:ten,
Sio . t[v, |
full, tofinery we poli.
: Tynagivary A
} antwnag ivory Avia
{ [ ‘ v S- Plane
3
*
“if 1
gj + a
* Real Ayia 6). ye et ' he \
Us) s$ r2fays
|
for unt Shep inpub-
Ss eg WE om :
+
(p= e+ Bs te
ft Gta FO.
fw 8
Wa
B( 57+ 2FW,S + Cans
A yu y S20
wrae Sr af vyns +m. + (Aste)
a= s*{ire) ray ) °
wy,
os APD Vata Thy
e
¥() = - + ee
54 AX was ee
eae ~(Se8ten
: “earvageat)
2 L — 6t2¢w,) as
Cs Bus, ~ fug)(Srfuant [s)
Syn = 7 Tw, z jes
SrAXWy
a
I - sees
5 (Sa ke,
ei_ @ttw) - Ye ow
5 ee
GFR Mn) + WY (St Yeas) + 44, Wy
=zl_ srt, avis Wy
ere a ee
6 wy) thy Wy tn) + Wy!
1° i
faking invert plac Frsfoms,
—¥w,b ~
le oe fo.w,t Yay Sin ai Or
OO
ee ye
=|- the [uy + ee . cot
qi-y’ ‘ - i
* snhy 2 --
“ye a3 lurtout + Stayt]
——————
Sm p lout +. Corp Simuyt
= Sim B+uyt) __
from Ys triangle,
Vin Yh = Sep we Y= Gop
(tH) = ie
[Pe
7
Dawaping Pacts i
yc a ale [ Pais Overslicot>
e
| ars
==
4 mer Se FAM or 54
i Boandocy ff final al
a fo neck ool
alice cy
= Rode bin =f ;
Wa aie 400
i = a Tay :
nN + Crvelo
a dual tw
Depeuede on x Tse
bo Coe|ficieel
oe Hi [ie }
we