Q. What is chemistry?
Ans: Chemistry is a branch of science in which we study the
composition, structure, properties and change of matter.
Q. What is matter?
Ans: Anything that is around us having some mass and occupies
space is called matter.
Q. What are the different classifications of matter?
Ans: Matters are classified into element, compound and mixture.
Q. What is element?
Ans: Elements are the purest form of substance which are made up
of same kinds of particles. The smallest unit of element is an atom.
eg. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon.
Q. What is compound?
Ans: Compound is the combination of two or more
elements in fix ratio by weight. For ex H2O is compound in
which hydrogen and oxygen are combined in 1: 8 by
weight.
Q. What is mixture?
Ans: A material obtained by mixing two or more element or
compound in any ratio is called mixture.
There are two types of mixture:
a. Homogenous
b. Heterogenous
Q. What is symbol?
Ans: The short form of the name of chemical element is
called symbol.
Q. what does a symbol represent?
Ans: A symbol represent
(a) Name of the element
(b) one atom of elements
(c) one gram atomic weight of the element
Q. What is Formula? Or What does the formula of a
substance tell us?
Ans: The short hand representation of the name of
compound is called formulae. A formula shows the name of
the element and no. of element present in [Link].
H2, O2, Cl2, H2O
Q. What are radicals?
Ans: It is a single or groups of atoms having a positive and
negative charge. eg: Na+, Cl-
A compound radical is a group of two or more elements
that acts as a single atom in a chemical reaction.
The positive radicals are called basic radical and negative
radicals are known as acidic radicals.
Q. What is chemical reaction and equation?
Ans:
A chemical reaction is the process in which atoms
present in substances rearrange to give new chemical
combinations.
The substances take part in a chemical reaction are
called the reactants.
The new substances formed are called the products.
Representation of chemical reaction using symbols of
substances is called chemical equation.
Q. Why we need to balance a chemical equation?
Ans: To make the equal number of atoms in reactant and
product we need to balance a chemical reaction.
4. Name two elements having variable valancy. Give the
name and formulae of compounds formed byeach of these
element.
Answer: Two elements having variable valency and
compounds formed by them are as follows:
(i) Copper (Cu):
(a) Cuprous oxide [Copper (I) oxide] − Cu2O
(b) Cupric oxide [Copper(II)oxide] − CuO
(ii) Iron (Fe): (a) Ferrous oxide [Iron(II)oxide] − FeO
(b) Ferric oxide [Iron(III)oxide] − Fe2O3
5. What is balance equations? Why should a equation be
balanced?
Answer: A reaction in which the number of atoms on the
side of the products is equal to the number of atoms on the
side of the reactants is called a balanced chemical. This is
known as law of the conservation of mass given. To make
the equal number of atoms in reactant and product we
need to balance a chemical reaction.
B. Find the valencies of the underlined element or radicals
in the following compound?
Answer:
Compou Valency Compou Valency
nd of nd of
Underlin Underlin
ed ed
BaCl2 2 PCl3 3
MgSO4 2 CaCO3 2
Ca(OH)2 2 FeSO4 2
NaOH 1 Al(OH)3 3
Compou Valency Compou Valency
nd of nd of
Underlin Underlin
ed ed
PCl5 5 NH3 3
Na2O 1 CaO 2
FeCl3 3 Fe2O3 3
Na2CO3 1
C. What are compound radicals? Give examples of a few
radicals, along with their valancies. Also mention some
compound containing compound radicals. Give the
valancies of the part that make up the compound?
Answer: Compound radical is a group of atoms of different
elements that behave as an intact unit during a chemical
reaction. Atoms in a compound radical do not break apart
but remain together. This unit behaves just like an atom or
a molecule during a reaction.
Some compound radicals with their valencies are given
below:
Compound Radical Valency
OH 1
SO4 2
NO3 1
CO3 2
Some compounds containing compound radicals:
Compound Name Compound Valency
Radical
NaOH Sodium hydroxide OH 1
H2SO4 Sulphuric acid SO4 2
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate CO3 2
(NH4)2SO4 Ammonium sulphate SO4 2
KNO3 Potassium nitrate NO3 1