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Understanding Inverse Functions in Calculus

This document is a lecture outline on Inverse Functions from a Calculus and Analytical Geometry course. It covers the definition of inverse functions, methods for finding them, theorems regarding their existence, and the relationship between the graphs of functions and their inverses. Additionally, it includes examples and practice exercises related to the topic.

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13 views16 pages

Understanding Inverse Functions in Calculus

This document is a lecture outline on Inverse Functions from a Calculus and Analytical Geometry course. It covers the definition of inverse functions, methods for finding them, theorems regarding their existence, and the relationship between the graphs of functions and their inverses. Additionally, it includes examples and practice exercises related to the topic.

Uploaded by

hamzaa.durrani976
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Calculus and Analytical

Geometry
MTH 104
Lecture # 08
PRELIMINARIES
Inverse Functions

Fauzia Bibi
Mathematics Department,
COMSATS university Islamabad, Wah Campus.
[Link]
Review Of Previous Lecture:

 FAMILIES OF CURVES:

Power functions with


Linear functions Power functions no integer exponents Polynomials

The family The family


y = 𝑥𝑛 y = 𝑥 −𝑛
Topics To Be Covered:

Domain and
INVERSE Existence of Graphs of Restricting Inverse
range of
inverse inverse domains for trigonometric
FUNCTIONS inverse
functions functions invertibility functions
functions
 INVERSE FUNCTIONS:

can be solved for x as a function of y:

When these functions are composed in either order, they cancel out the effect of one another
in the sense that

DEFINITION: If the functions f and g satisfy the two conditions

𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 for every x in the domain of f


𝑓(𝑔(𝑦)) = 𝑦 for every y in the domain of g

then we say that f is an inverse of g and g is an inverse of f or that f and g are inverse functions.
Example 1:

Solution (a):

Solution (b):
 DOMAIN AND RANGE OF INVERSE FUNCTIONS:

 A METHOD FOR FINDING INVERSE FUNCTIONS:


THEOREM:
If an equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) can be solved for 𝑥 as a function of 𝑦, say 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑦), then f has an
inverse and that inverse is 𝑔 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑦).
Example 2: Find a formula for the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 with x as the independent variable,
and state the domain of 𝑓 −1 .

Solution:
Then we solve this equation for x as a function of y:

Since we want x to be the independent variable, we reverse x and y


in to produce the formula

Domain of 𝒇−𝟏: As we know that the domain of 𝒇−𝟏 is the range of 𝑓


 EXISTENCE OF INVERSE FUNCTIONS:
THEOREM:
A function has an inverse if and only if it is one-to-one.

THEOREM: (The Horizontal Line Test)


A function has an inverse function if and only if its graph is cut at most once
by any horizontal line.
Example 3: Use the horizontal line test to show that 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 has no inverse but
that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 does.

Solution:

Inverse does not exist Inverse exist


 GRAPHS OF INVERSE FUNCTIONS:
THEOREM:
If f has an inverse, then the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) are reflections of one another
about the line y = x; that is, each graph is the mirror image of the other with respect to that line.
Example 4: graphs of the inverse functions
 RESTRICTING DOMAINS FOR INVERTIBILITY:
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
PRACTICE EXERCISE:

INVERSE FUNCTIONS

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