مکانیک مواد سلولی
ارائه کننده:
دکتر مجتبی صدیقی
استاد دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک -دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر
CORK
“I no sooner discerned
these (which were indeed
the first microscopical
pores I have ever saw…)
but me thought I had with
the discovery of them,
perfectly hinted to me the
true and intelligible reason
for all the phenomena of
cork”
Micrographia (1665)
Hooke: first to use the term “cell”,
from Latin “cella” a small compartment
CELLULAR SOLIDS
• Engineering cellular solids
– Honeycombs: 2D prismatic cells
– Foams: 3D polyhedral cells
– Applications: sandwich panels, energy absorption, insulation
• Cellular materials in medicine
– Trabecular bone, osteoporosis
– Tissue engineering scaffolds; cell-scaffold mechanics
• Cellular materials in nature
– Honeycomb-like: wood, cork
– Foam-like: trabecular bone, plant parenchyma, sponges
CELLULAR SOLIDS
- Cellular/solid structural components in nature
• Sandwich panels (leaves, skulls)
• Radial density gradients (palm stems, bamboo)
• Cylindrical shells with compliant cores (plant stems, animal quills, toucan beak).
CELLULAR SOLIDS
• Identify mechanisms of deformation and
failure
• Structural analysis to obtain bulk mechanical
properties such as moduli, strength, fracture
toughness
• Microstructural design of cellular solids
• Selection of cellular materials in engineering
design
Engineering Cellular Solids
ENGINEERING HONEYCOMB
Aluminum Paper - resin
Ceramic Ceramic
ENGINEERING FOAMS
Polyurethane Polyethylene
Nickel Copper
Zirconia Mullite (combination
of alumina and silica)
Glass Polyether
FOOD FOAMS
Meringue
Bread
Aero Potato chip
chocolate bar
Jaffa cake
Malteser
ANISOTROPY
Polyurethane foam Pumice
3D Lattice Structures
3D Trusses
Triangulated structures: Trusses
Cellular Solids:
Properties and Applications
• Low weight
– structural sandwich panels, buoyancy devices
• Can undergo large deformations (80-90%) at
roughly constant (low) stress
– energy absorption devices (e.g. helmets)
• Low thermal conductivity
– insulation
• Large surface area
– carriers for catalysts (e.g. catalytic converters)
Cellular Materials in Medicine
Trabecular Bone
Femoral head Tibia Vertebral body
Trabecular Bone: Osteoporosis
Trabecular Bone: Deformation
Cell
Contraction
of Scaffold
Cell Attachment
Cell Migration:
Fibroblasts in Scaffold
Confocal
Microscopy
NR6 Fibroblasts
CMFDA Live
Cell Tracker
CG Scaffold
Alexa Fluor 633
Stain
Harley
Cellular Materials in Nature
WOOD
Cedar
WOOD
WOOD
CORK
CORK
Plant Parenchyma:
Liquid-Filled Closed-Cell Foam
Carrot Potato
Venus Flower
Basket Sponge
Cellular/Solid
Structures in Nature
• Sandwich structures
• Density gradient structures
• Tubes with cellular core
Sandwich Structures: Leaves
Sandwich Structures:
Horseshoe Crab
Sandwich Structures:
Cuttlefish Bone
Radial Density Gradient: Palm
• Stem has constant
diameter: r = constant
• As palm grows taller, it
increases the density
of the material towards
its periphery
• Cell wall thickness
increases towards
periphery of stem and
towards the base of
the stem E = E (r, z)
Radial Density Gradient: Palm
Radial Density Gradient:
Bamboo
Cylindrical Shell with Compliant Core:
Plant Stems
Milkweed
Cylindrical Shell with Compliant Core:
Animal Quills
Porcupine Hedgehog