Questions: 1. For the same condensing temperature and refrigeration capacity, a vapour compression refrigeration system operating at a lower evaporator temperature is more expensive than a system operating at a higher evaporator temperature, because at low evaporator temperature: a) Volumic refrigeration effect is high, hence the size of the compressor is large +b) Volumic refrigeration effect is small, hence the size of the compressor is large ) Specific refrigeration effect is high, hence size of evaporator is large ) All the above Ans.: b) 2. For a given condensing temperature, the volumic work of compression of a standard ‘VCRS increases initially with evaporator temperature reaches a maximum and then starts decreasing, this is because as evaporator increases: ) Both specific volume of refrigerant and work of compression increase ) Specific volume of reftigerant increases and work of compression decreases ) Both specific volume and work of compression decrease 4d) Specific volume decreases and specific refrigeration effect increases Ans.: ¢) 3. Subcooling is beneficial as a) Increases specific refrigeration effect b) Decreases work of compression c) Ensures liquid entry into expansion device d) All of the above ‘Ans. a) and ¢)4. Superheating: a) Always increases specific refrigeration effect b) Always decreases specific work of compression cc) Always increases specific work of compression d) Always increases compressor discharge temperature ‘Ans.: c) and d) 5. Degree of superheating obtained using a LSHX is: a) Always greater than the degree of subcooling b) Always less than degree of subcooling ©) Always equal to degree of subcooling d) Depends on the effectiveness of heat exchanger ‘Ans.: a)6. Whether the maximum COP occurs when the suction condition is in two-phase region ‘or not depends mainly on: a) Properties of the refrigerant b) Effectiveness of LSHX ) Operating temperatures 4) All of the above Ans.: a) 7.1n actual VCRS, the system performance is affected mainly by: a) Pressure drop and heat transfer in suction line b) Pressure drop and heat wansfer in discharge line c) Heat transfer in compressor 4) All of the above Ans.: a) 8. Pressure drop and heat transfer in suction line: a) Decrease compression ratio & discharge temperature ) Increase compression ratio & discharge temperature ) Decreases specific volume of refrigerant at suction 4) Increases specific volume of refrigerant at suction Ans.: b) and d) 9. A SSS vapour compression refrigeration system based on refrigerant R 134a operates between an evaporator temperature of -25°C and a condenser temperature of 50°C. Assuming isentropic compression, find: a) COP of the system b) Work input to compressor ©) Area of superheat horn (additional work required due to superheat)Throttling loss (additional work input due to throttling in place of isentropic expansion) assuming the isobar at condenser pressure to coincide with saturated liquid line. 5 R 34a = 25°C = 30°C es 25°C‘Using reftigerant R134a property data, required properties at various state points are: State T P h s Quality Point_| CC) (bar) | (kWke) | (J/ke.K) 1 -25.0 ‘1.064 (383.4 1.246 Lo 2 60.7 13.18 | 4362 | 1.746 | Superheated 3 50.0 13.18 271.6 1.237 0.0 4 -250 | 1.064 | 2716 | 1295 | 0.4820 Vv -25.0 1.064 167.2 (0.8746 0.0 2 30.0 13.18 | 4234 | 1.707 10 2» 50.0 102 430.5 | 1.746 | Superheated + -25.0 ‘1.064 257.1 1.237 0.4158 a) COP = (h-ha(hz-hy) = 2.1174 b) Work input to compressor, We = (In-In) = 52.8 kJ/kg) Supetheat horn area, area Ay: Area Ay = Area under 2-2 — Area under 2°-2 Areaunder 2-2": Tds= (dhevdP) = dh=he-hy ( dp=0) => Area under 2-2" = hy-hy= 12.8 ki/kg Areaunder 2”.2°= Tas = Te (sp-s2) = 12.6 kJ/kg ‘Superheat horn area = Area Ay = (12.8 ~ 12.6) = 0.2 kJ/kg 4) Throttling loss, Area A2 (assuming the saturated liquid line to coincide with isobar at condenser pressure): Area A2 = Area under 3-1’—Area under 4-1" = (hs-hy) ~ Ta(ss-ss) ($3 =Se) Throttling area = (271.6-167.2) - 248.18(1.237-0.8746) = 14.47 kJ/kg Alternatively: ‘Throttling area = Area under 4-4’ = T.(ss-Sp) = 248.15(1.295-1.237) = 14.4 kJ/kg Check: Woo = Wesrnort Area AvtArea Az Wearnae = (Te-T,) (61-80) = 75(1.746-1.237) = 38.2 kIkg Woo = 38.2414.440.2 = 52.8 kJ/kg 10. In a R22 based refrigeration system, a liquid-to-suction heat exchanger (LSHX) with an effectiveness of 0.65 is used. The evaporating and condensing temperatures are 7.2°C and 54.4°C respectively. Assuming the compression process to be isentropic, find:a) Specific refrigeration effect b) Volumic refrigeration effect ©) Specific work of compression d) COP of the system €) Temperature of vapour at the exit of the compressor Comment on the use of LSHX by comparing the performance of the system with a SSS cycle operating between the same evaporator and condensing temperatures. Ans. Given: Refrigerant R2 T 1.2C Te = 544°C Effectiveness of LSHX,¢x 0.65 4 y 3 We a a CompressorEffectiveness of LSHX, 8x = (QueY Qmax) = [(MCP)minATasrmin]/ [(MCP rin Tmax] (Tz TiVTeTy)s — Cpragowe < Cpasguit (TxT))/(Ts-Ty) = 0.65 => Ts = T,40.65(Ty-T)) = 37.88°C ‘From energy balance across LSHX: (ho-by) = (lags) => hg = hy = (hh>-hy)From the above data and using refrigerant property values for R 22 at various state points are: State T P h s y Quality Point CC) (bar) (kSike) | (kJ/ke.K) | mé/kg 1 72 6254 | 4076 | 1.741 |0.03773| 1.0 2 (3188 6.254 407 1.819 0.04385 | Superheated 3 woa9 | 2146 | 4668 | 1819 - | Superheated 4 544 21.46 269.5 1.227 - 00 5 376s | 2146 | 2464 | 1.454 = | Subcooled 6 72 6.254 246.4 1.166 - (0.1903 o 72 6254 | 2695 | 1.248 - 0.3063 x (7423 2146 38.6 1741 - Superheated v 72 6254 | 2085 | 1.030 - 00 With LSHX: a) Reftigeration effect = (hy-hs) ~ 161.2 kI/kg b) Volumic refrigeration effect = (lu-he)'v2 = 3676.22 ky/m* ¢) Work of compression = (hs-hg) = 36.1 kJ/kg 4) COP = (hi-he) (hs-hs) = 4.465 ¢) Temperature at compressor exit (from P, and ss=s:) = 104.9°CWithout LSHX: a) Refrigeration effect = (hy-hg-) = 138.1 kJ/kg b) Volumic refrigeration effect = (hi-hg)/v1 = 3660.2 kJ/m? ¢) Work of compression = (hy -h1) = 31.0 kJ/kg 4d) COP = (hi-hg)/ (hs--hy) = 4.455 ¢) Temperature at compressor exit (from P- and s1=s3') =74,23°C Parameter With LSHX Without LSHX Refrigeration effect, kJ/kg 161.2 138.1 Ref. quality af evaporator inlet 0.1903 0.3063 Vol. Refrigeration effect, kJ/m? 3676.2 36602 ‘Work of compression, kJ/kg. 36.1 31.0 cop 4465 4455 ‘Compressor exit temperature, °C 1049 74.23 Comments; a) There is no appreciable change in COP with the addition of LSAX b) Quality of refrigerant at evaporator inlet is significantly lower with LSHX ©) Discharge temperature is significantly high with LSHX 4) For refrigerant R-22, use of LSHX does net improve the performance of system significantly, however, the evaporator with LSHX performs better due the lower vapour fraction at its inlet