Chapter 4.

Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

4. Material balance
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

4. Material balance
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

4. Material balance
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

in vapor
[chấtAKT]
conc. of the diffusion pha hơi
trong phase

[chất KT]
conc. of the diffusion A introng
liquidpha lỏng
phase
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

Principle of equilibrium stage

1. At a constant of pressure and temperature, there is a certain equilibrium

relationship between the concentration of diffusions of two phases and
showed by equilibrium curve on the graph.

2. Totally, there is no diffusion between two phases when the system is

equilibrium.

3. When the system is not equilibrium, the diffusion will continuous happen to
the equilibrium stage. If the contacting time is prolonged, the final equilibrium
concentration between two phase is obtained.
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

3.1. The film theory

3.2. Interphase mass transfer

3.3. Overall mass transfer coefficient

4. Material balance
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

3.1. The film theory

The two-film theory is a useful model for mass transfer between phases. Mass

transfer of solute from one phase to another involves transport from the bulk of

one phase to the phase boundary or interface, then movement from the

interface into the bulk of the second phase. The film theory is based on the

idea that a fluid film or mass transfer boundary layer forms wherever there is

contact between two phases

 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

3.2. Interphase mass transfer

NA = kx(xAi - xA) = ky(yAi - yA)

y − y Ai k
 A =− x
x A − x Ai ky
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

3.2. Interphase mass transfer

Equilibrium curve

P
Conc. of diffusion A in vapor phase

yA

M
yAi

xA xAi
Conc. of diffusion A in liquid phase
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

3. Mass-transfer between two phases NA = Ky(yA - yA*)

3.3. Overall mass transfer coefficient yA - yA* = (yA - yAi) + (yAi - yA*)
= (yA - yAi) + m(xAi - xA)
y
Equilibrium curve N A N A mN A
yA P  = +
D Ky ky kx
Slope –kx/ky
1 1 m
= +
m' Ky ky kx

Similarly, NA = Kx(xA* - xA)

yAi
M
m 1 1 m
 = +
K x m' k y k x
yA* x
C
xA xAi xA*
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

3.1. The film theory

3.2. Interphase mass transfer

3.3. Overall mass transfer coefficient

4. Material balance
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux

4.2 Steady state of countercurrent with reflux

4.3. Countercurrent multistage and crosscurrent multistage with reflux

 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux

G1 Gtr G2 Gtr
GGyY


L1 Ltr LLxX L2 Ltr

L1, L2 total moles of L phase reflux flow IN and flow OUT of the system, respectively.
G1, G2 total moles of G phase reflux flow IN and flow OUT of the system, respectively
Ltr, Gtr moles of nondiffusing substances of liquid phase and gas phase reflux, respectively.
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux

y1 y2
GGyY


x1 LLxX x2

x1, x2 mole fraction of diffusion A of liquid phase reflux flow IN and flow OUT of the system.
y1, y2 mole fraction of diffusion A of gas phase reflux flow IN and flow OUT of the system.
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux

Y1 Y2
GGyY


X1 LLxX X2

X1, X2 mole ratio of diffusion A of liquid phase reflux flow IN and flow OUT of the system.

Y1, Y2 mole ratio of diffusion A of gas phase reflux flow IN and flow OUT of the system.
 G1 Gtr y1 Y1 G2 Gtr y2 Y2
GGyY


L1 Ltr x1 X1 LLxX L2 Ltr x2 X2


Materia balance equation for the system 

L1 + G1 = L2 + G2

Materia balance equation for the diffusion component of the system 

L1x1 + G1y1 = L2x2 + G2y2  L1x1 – L2x2 = G2y2 – G1y1

x1
 L1x1 = L tr = L tr X1
1 − x1

Similarly, Ltr(X1 – X2) = Gtr(Y2 – Y1)

 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

G1 Gtr y1 Y1 G2 Gtr y2 Y2
GGyY


L1 Ltr x1 X1 LLxX L2 Ltr x2 X2

Materia balance equation for the system 

Ltr(X1 – X) = Gtr(Y – Y1)

Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

Y
Y1 P Operating curve

Y2 Q
Yc

Equilibrium curve

L phase

X1 X2 Xc X
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.2. Steady state of countercurrent with reflux

G1 Gtr y1 Y1 G2 Gtr y2 Y2
GGyY


L1 Ltr x1 X1 LLxX L2 Ltr x2 X2


Material balance for the system  or 

Ltr(X1 – X2) = Gtr(Y1 – Y2)

 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.2. Steady state of countercurrent with reflux

G1 Gtr y1 Y1 G2 Gtr y2 Y2
GGyY


L1 Ltr x1 X1 LLxX L2 Ltr x2 X2


Material balance for the system  or 

Ltr(X1 – X) = Gtr(Y1 – Y)
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux

Y G phase (X2, Y2)

Operating curve
G→L
Equilibrium curve

(X1, Y1)
Operating curve
L→G

L phase
X
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance
4.3. Multistage with reflux
4.3.1 Multistage concept
4.3.2 Crosscurrent multistage with reflux

Gtr1 Gtr2 Gtr3

x1 x2 x3
X1 X2 X3

Ltr x0 X0 Ltr x1 X1 Ltr x2 X2 Ltr x3 X3

1 2 3

Gtr1 Gtr2 Gtr3

x0 x0 x0
X0 X0 X0
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4. Material balance
4.3. Multistage with reflux
4.3.1 Multistage concept
Y
4.3.2 Crosscurrent multistage with reflux
Equilibrium curve

Y1

Y2 Slope
(–Ltr/Gtr2) (–Ltr/Gtr1)
Y3
(–Ltr/Gtr3)
Y0

X3 X2 X1 X0 X
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4.3.3 Countercurrent multistage with reflux

G Gtr y2Y2 ynYn yn+1Yn+1 yNtYNt y1Nt+1 Gtr

y1Y1 1 2 n n+1 Nt Y1Nt+1

x1X 1 xn X n xNt+1
L0 Gtr
XNt+1
x 0 X0 x2 X2 xn+1 Xn+1

For the fraction 1: Ltr(x0-x1) = Gtr(Y1-Y2)

For the fraction 2: Ltr(x1-x2) = Gtr(Y2-Y3)

For the system: Ltr(X0-Xn) = Gtr(Y1-YN+1)

 G Gtr y2Y2 ynYn yn+1Yn+1 yNtYNt y1Nt+1 Gtr
y1Y1 1 2 n n+1 Nt Y1Nt+1
x 1X 1 xn X n xNt+1
L0 Gtr XNt+1
x0 X0 x2 X2 xn+1 Xn+1
4.3.3 Countercurrent multistage with reflux

Y Equilibrium curve
Q T
Y1
1 Changed concentration fraction (theorical fraction)

Operating curve of fraction 1, slope (-Ltr/Gtr)

N B
Y2 P
2
Operating curve of fraction 2, slope (-Ltr/Gtr)
Y3
3
Operating curve of fraction Nt

NT
YNt+1
XNt X2 X1 X0
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

4.3.3 Countercurrent multistage with reflux

Diffusion of component A from L phase to G phase

X0 − X N
=
(1 / A ) N +1 − 1 / A
A≠1
X 0 − YN +1 / m (1 / A )N +1 − 1

 X − YN +1 / m 
log 0 (1 − A) + A
N=  X N − YN +1 / m 
log1 / A

X0 − X N N X0 − X N
A =1 = N=
X 0 − YN +1 / m N + 1 X 0 − YN +1 / m

A=Ltr/Gtr: absorption coefficient

 Chương 4. TRUYỀN KHỐI GIỮA HAI PHA

4.3.3 Countercurrent multistage with reflux

Diffusion of component A from G phase to L phase

Y − mX 0  1 1
log N +1 1 −  + 
YN +1 − Y1 A N +1 − A  Y1 − mX 0  A  A 
A≠1 = N=
YN +1 − mX 0 A N +1 − 1 log A

YN +1 − Y1 N YN +1 − Y1
A =1 = N=
YN +1 − mX 0 N + 1 Y1 − mX 0
 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

4. Material balance

4.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux

4.2 Steady state of countercurrent with reflux

4.3. Countercurrent multistage and crosscurrent multistage with reflux

 Chapter 4. Mass transfer between two phases

1. The concept of mass transfer between two phases

2. The concept of the equilibrium stage

3. Mass-transfer between two phases

4. Material balance