Chapter 6.
ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
1
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
1.1 Definition
1.2 Aims of absorption process
1.3 Characteristics of solvent
1.4. Gas solubility in aqueous solution
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
2
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Overview
1.1. Definition: a component is removed from gas stream by treating with a liquid
+ hydro chloride (gas) → water → acid chlohydric,
+ carbonic → water → soda
Liquid → solvent, gas → diffusing gas (/nondiffusing gas???).
In the opposite side, the diffusion of gas from liquid into gas stream is called
stripping or desorption
3
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Overview
1.2. Aims of absorption process
+ Collect the valuable component from mixture of gas
+ Purify the mixture of gas
+ Separate the mixture of gas into distinct component
+ Produce the expected solution
4
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Overview
1.3. Characteristics of solvent
+ Selectivity: well dissolve the only separated components, unsignificant
dissolve other components. This is the major characteristics of solvent.
+ Low vapor pressure
+ Low viscosity: the lower viscosity the better of fluid movement, lead to
low resistance of mass transfer and could increase mass transfer coefficient.
+ Low freezing temperature: could avoid the phenomenon of
solidification that clogs the device 5
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Overview
1.3. Characteristics of solvent
+ Non-toxic to humans, non-corrosive to equipment
+ No formed precipitate, preventing form clogging; simply recovery of
solvents.
+ Easy to find and inexpensive.
6
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1.4. Solubility of a gas in a liquid
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is the amount of gas dissolved in a
liquid unit. It can be expressed in kg/kg, kg/m3, g/liter…
→ depends on the properties of the gas and the liquid; ambient temperature and
gas pressure in the mixture.
→ an ideal liquid solution, the solubility can be expressed by Raoult's law (liquid-
vapour equilibrium)
→ a non-ideal liquid solution, the solubility can be expressed by Henry's law (liquid-
vapour equilibrium)
7
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
1.1 Definition
1.2 Aims of absorption process
1.3 Characteristics of solvent
1.4. Gas solubility in aqueous solution
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
8
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
2.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux
2.2. Steady state of countercurrent with reflux
2.3. Calculation of the minimum amount of solvent
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
9
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
2. Material balance of absorption process
2.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux
Y2 − Y1 L
= − tr
X 2 −X1 G tr
10
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
2. Material balance of absorption process
Y2 − Y1 L tr
=
2.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux X 2 −X1 G tr
Y
Y1
Y2
X
X2 X1 Xmax
11
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
2. Material balance of absorption process
2.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux
Y1 − Y2
L tr. min = G tr
X max − X 2
In the case of distraction, the [Link] is calculated by the following formula:
X 2 − X1
G tr. min = L tr
Ymax − Y1
12
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
2.1. Steady state of concurrent with reflux
2.2. Steady state of countercurrent with reflux
2.3. Calculation of the minimum amount of solvent
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
13
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
3.1. Effect of temperature
3.2. Effect of pressure
4. Absorption tower
14
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
3.1. Effect of temperature
T ↑, Henry’s coefficient ↑; Equi. curve Oy;
driving force aver.↓ level of mass transfer ↓.
If T ↑ to certain point, the mass transfer process
is not occur.
T ↑ is also positive effect, ↓ viscosity , Vgas ↑ T ↑
is also positive effect ↑.
15
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
3.1. Effect of presssure
- ↑ Pmix. → Equi. coefficient ↓ m; Equi.
curve → Ox.
- Driving force aver. ↑.
But,
+ P ↑→ T ↑ limitation of mass
transfer process
+P↑ difficulty in equipment design 16
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
3.1. Effect of temperature
3.2. Effect of pressure
4. Absorption tower
17
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
4.1. Calculate the number of theorical trays needed.
4.2. Packed tower
[Link] tower (sieve-tray tower)
4.4. Plate tower (bubble-cap tower tray)
18
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
4. Absorption tower
4.1. Calculate the number of
theorical trays needed.
19
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
4. Absorption tower
4.1. Calculate the number of theorical trays needed.
Hấp thu
Nhả khí
A = Ltr/(mGtr) 20
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
4. Absorption tower
4.2. Packed tower
21
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
4. Absorption tower
4.2. Plate tower (sieve-tray tower)
22
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
4. Absorption tower
4.4. Plate tower (bubble-cap tower tray)
23
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
4.1. Calculate the number of theorical trays needed.
4.2. Packed tower
[Link] tower (sieve-tray tower)
4.4. Plate tower (bubble-cap tower tray)
24
Chapter 6. ABSORPTION
1. Absorption
2. Material balance of absorption process
3. Effect of temperature and pressure on the absorption process
4. Absorption tower
25