IPV6 Notes
[Link]
1. there are 8 groups with 4 hexadecimal digits each
2. invididual digits are called nibble
3. each group represents 16 bits, separated by colon (:)
Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:0000:0070:7334
This is a real and complete IPv6 address! But it is a bit long, so
it can be shortened and still be valid and complete:
1. leading zeros can be omitted:
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:0000:0070:7334
can be shortened to ->
2001:db8:85a3:0:0:0:70:7334
2. groups of zeros can be replaced by double colon ::
(only once per address, to be unique!):
2001:db8:85a3:0:0:0:70:7334
can be shortened to ->
2001:db8:85a3::70:7334
How to Subnet IPv6 Addresses and Networks
Well, now that you remember how subnetting with IPv4 works,
and you know we had 32 bits of address with IPv4 – how does
that work with IPv6? Will it be 4 times more complicated? 2^96
times? No!
everything is easier!
2001:0db8:0003:0004:0005:0006:0007:000f (long form)
can be shortened to ->
2001:db8:3:4:5:6:7:f
binary: 2001 = 0010 0000 0000 0001
In IPv6 we have no (reserved) network address
We also have no broadcast address (remember, there is no
broadcast!)
Our prefix length is always specified in slash notation,e.g. /64
In IPv6, 1 nibble (1 hex digit) equals 4 bits
Subnetting IPv6 Example #1
IPv6 Subnetting Helping Table
Digit 4 3 2 1
Value 8 4 2 1
Example address:
2001:0db8:0003:0004:0005:0006:0007:000f (long form)
2001:db8:3:4:5:6:7:f (shortened)
prefix length (network): /64
network start: 2001:0db8:0003:0004:0000:0000:0000:0000
network end: 2001:0db8:0003:0004:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
In total 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 IPv6 client addresses are
available in a single /64 network (16^16 or 2^64)
Subnetting IPv6 Example #2
IPv6 Subnetting Helping Table
Digit 4 3 2 1
Value 8 4 2 1
Your allocated network by this example is: 2001:0db8:0003::/48
you want to subnet your /48 network into multiple smaller
networks with a target network size of /64
1st network: 2001:0db8:0003::/64
(2001:0db8:0003:0000::/64)
2nd network: 2001:0db8:0003:1::/64
(2001:0db8:0003:0001::/64)
last network: 2001:0db8:0003:ffff::/64
in total (2^4)^4 = 65.536 /64 networks can be created our of a
single /48 IPv6 network!
::/128 unspecified address
all bits=0
cannot be used as destination
can only be used temporarily and internally, until
application knows target
equals IPv4 [Link]/32)
::/0 default route
equals [Link]/0 in IPv4
::1/128 loopback
unicast localhost address
equals [Link]/8 in IPv4
fe80::/10 link local (scope)
only unique and valid on the locally connected link
fc00::/7 unique local (scope), also known as ULA
routable within an organization
similar to RFC1918 private IP ranges
fec0::/10 site local (scope) – deprecated
not used anymore as per RFC3879
routable within an organization
successor: Unique Local Addresses (ULA) / Unique Local
Scope
::ffff:0:0/96 IPv4-mapped IPv6
allows transparent IPv4 connections of an IPv6-only
application over the IPv6 API (only one socket needed
2002::/16 6to4 Tunneling
additionally an address out of [Link]/24 is used
2001::/32 Teredo Tunneling
2001:db8::/32 Documentation Prefix
for documentation purposes, to be used in examples,
similar to [Link]/24, [Link]/24, [Link]/24
in IPv4
Special IPv6 Multicast Addresses
We have some special and reserved addresses for Multicast
use:
Address Purpose Available Scopes
Available in scope 1 (interface-local) and 2 (link-local)
All nodes address, identify the group of
ff0X::1 • ff01::1 → All nodes in the interface-local
all IPv6 nodes
• ff02::1 → All nodes in the link-local
Available in scope 1 (interface-local), 2 (link-loca
and 5 (site-local):
• ff01::2 → All routers in the interface-local
ff0X::2 All routers
• ff02::2 → All routers in the link-local
• ff05::2 → All routers in the site-local
ff02::5 OSPF 2 (link-local)
ff02::6 OSPF Designated Routers 2 (link-local)
Address Purpose Available Scopes
ff02::9 RIP Routers 2 (link-local)
ff02::a EIGRP Routers 2 (link-local)
ff02::d All PIM Routers 2 (link-local)
ff02::1a All RPL Routers 2 (link-local)
ff0X::fb mDNSv6 Available in all scopes
ff0X::101 All Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers Available in all scopes
ff02::1:1 Link Name 2 (link-local)
ff02::1:2 All-dhcp-agents 2 (link-local)
ff02::1:3 Link-local Multicast Name Resolution 2 (link-local)
ff05::1:3 All-dhcp-servers 5 (site-local)
ff02::1:ff00:0/10
Solicited-node multicast address 2 (link-local)
4
ff02::2:ff00:0/10
Node Information Queries 2 (link-local)
4