# Databases (SQL/NoSQL) - Section 2
1. What is a relational database?\
A) A database storing unstructured data\
B) A database using tables with relationships\
C) A database for graph data\
D) A database for key-value pairs\
**Answer: B) A database using tables with relationships**
2. Which SQL statement retrieves data from a database?\
A) INSERT\
B) SELECT\
C) UPDATE\
D) DELETE\
**Answer: B) SELECT**
3. What is a primary key in a relational database?\
A) A column allowing duplicate values\
B) A unique identifier for a table row\
C) A column for storing text\
D) A column for indexing\
**Answer: B) A unique identifier for a table row**
4. Which NoSQL database type stores data as key-value pairs?\
A) Document\
B) Column-family\
C) Key-value\
D) Graph\
**Answer: C) Key-value**
5. What does SQL stand for?\
A) Standard Query Language\
B) Structured Query Language\
C) Simple Query Language\
D) Sequential Query Language\
**Answer: B) Structured Query Language**
6. Which SQL clause filters query results?\
A) ORDER BY\
B) GROUP BY\
C) WHERE\
D) HAVING\
**Answer: C) WHERE**
7. Which NoSQL database is best for hierarchical data?\
A) Key-value\
B) Document\
C) Column-family\
D) Relational\
**Answer: B) Document**
8. What is a foreign key in a relational database?\
A) A unique identifier for a table\
B) A column linking to another table’s primary key\
C) A column for indexing\
D) A column for sorting\
**Answer: B) A column linking to another table’s primary key**
9. Which SQL statement adds data to a table?\
A) SELECT\
B) INSERT\
C) UPDATE\
D) DELETE\
**Answer: B) INSERT**
10. Which NoSQL database is suited for complex relationships?\
A) Key-value\
B) Document\
C) Graph\
D) Column-family\
**Answer: C) Graph**
11. What is the purpose of the SQL JOIN clause?\
A) To delete rows\
B) To combine rows from multiple tables\
C) To update rows\
D) To sort rows\
**Answer: B) To combine rows from multiple tables**
12. Which is a popular relational database management system (RDBMS)?\
A) MongoDB\
B) MySQL\
C) Cassandra\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) MySQL**
13. What is a NoSQL database characteristic?\
A) Fixed schema\
B) Flexible schema\
C) Table-based structure\
D) Strict normalization\
**Answer: B) Flexible schema**
14. Which SQL statement modifies existing data?\
A) SELECT\
B) INSERT\
C) UPDATE\
D) DELETE\
**Answer: C) UPDATE**
15. Which NoSQL database is column-based?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
16. What ensures data consistency in a relational database?\
A) Normalization\
B) Denormalization\
C) Indexing\
D) Partitioning\
**Answer: A) Normalization**
17. Which SQL clause groups rows with similar values?\
A) WHERE\
B) GROUP BY\
C) ORDER BY\
D) HAVING\
**Answer: B) GROUP BY**
18. Which NoSQL database is best for caching?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**
19. What is the purpose of an SQL index?\
A) To store data\
B) To improve query performance\
C) To link tables\
D) To delete data\
**Answer: B) To improve query performance**
20. Which SQL statement removes data from a table?\
A) SELECT\
B) INSERT\
C) UPDATE\
D) DELETE\
**Answer: D) DELETE**
21. Which NoSQL database stores JSON-like documents?\
A) Redis\
B) MongoDB\
C) Cassandra\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: B) MongoDB**
22. What is a database schema?\
A) A query to retrieve data\
B) The structure of a database\
C) A database backup\
D) A database index\
**Answer: B) The structure of a database**
23. Which SQL clause sorts query results?\
A) WHERE\
B) GROUP BY\
C) ORDER BY\
D) HAVING\
**Answer: C) ORDER BY**
24. Which NoSQL database is best for social network data?\
A) Redis\
B) MongoDB\
C) Neo4j\
D) Cassandra\
**Answer: C) Neo4j**
25. What is the purpose of the SQL HAVING clause?\
A) To filter rows before grouping\
B) To filter grouped results\
C) To sort rows\
D) To join tables\
**Answer: B) To filter grouped results**
26. Which is a popular SQL database?\
A) PostgreSQL\
B) MongoDB\
C) Redis\
D) Cassandra\
**Answer: A) PostgreSQL**
27. What is denormalization in databases?\
A) Reducing data redundancy\
B) Increasing data redundancy for performance\
C) Creating indexes\
D) Partitioning tables\
**Answer: B) Increasing data redundancy for performance**
28. Which SQL statement creates a new table?\
A) CREATE TABLE\
B) ALTER TABLE\
C) DROP TABLE\
D) TRUNCATE TABLE\
**Answer: A) CREATE TABLE**
29. Which NoSQL database is best for large-scale analytics?\
A) Redis\
B) MongoDB\
C) Cassandra\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Cassandra**
30. What is a database transaction?\
A) A single query\
B) A sequence of operations as a single unit\
C) A table index\
D) A database backup\
**Answer: B) A sequence of operations as a single unit**
31. Which SQL clause specifies conditions for joins?\
A) WHERE\
B) ON\
C) GROUP BY\
D) ORDER BY\
**Answer: B) ON**
32. Which NoSQL database uses a graph structure?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: C) Neo4j**
33. What ensures data integrity in a relational database?\
A) Constraints\
B) Indexes\
C) Views\
D) Triggers\
**Answer: A) Constraints**
34. Which SQL statement modifies a table’s structure?\
A) CREATE TABLE\
B) ALTER TABLE\
C) DROP TABLE\
D) TRUNCATE TABLE\
**Answer: B) ALTER TABLE**
35. Which NoSQL database is in-memory?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**
36. What is the purpose of the SQL DISTINCT keyword?\
A) To sort rows\
B) To remove duplicate rows\
C) To join tables\
D) To group rows\
**Answer: B) To remove duplicate rows**
37. Which is a characteristic of a NoSQL database?\
A) Strict schema\
B) Horizontal scaling\
C) Table-based structure\
D) Fixed relationships\
**Answer: B) Horizontal scaling**
38. What is a database view?\
A) A physical table\
B) A virtual table based on a query\
C) A database index\
D) A database backup\
**Answer: B) A virtual table based on a query**
39. Which SQL statement deletes a table?\
A) CREATE TABLE\
B) ALTER TABLE\
C) DROP TABLE\
D) TRUNCATE TABLE\
**Answer: C) DROP TABLE**
40. Which NoSQL database is document-oriented?\
A) Redis\
B) MongoDB\
C) Cassandra\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: B) MongoDB**
41. What is the purpose of the SQL GROUP BY clause?\
A) To filter rows\
B) To group rows for aggregation\
C) To sort rows\
D) To join tables\
**Answer: B) To group rows for aggregation**
42. Which SQL function calculates the total of a column?\
A) COUNT\
B) SUM\
C) AVG\
D) MAX\
**Answer: B) SUM**
43. Which NoSQL database is best for time-series data?\
A) InfluxDB\
B) MongoDB\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: A) InfluxDB**
44. What is a composite key in a relational database?\
A) A single column key\
B) Multiple columns forming a unique key\
C) A foreign key\
D) An index\
**Answer: B) Multiple columns forming a unique key**
45. Which SQL statement removes all rows from a table?\
A) CREATE TABLE\
B) ALTER TABLE\
C) DROP TABLE\
D) TRUNCATE TABLE\
**Answer: D) TRUNCATE TABLE**
46. Which NoSQL database supports wide-column storage?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
47. What is the purpose of the SQL INNER JOIN?\
A) To return all rows from both tables\
B) To return matching rows from both tables\
C) To return non-matching rows\
D) To return sorted rows\
**Answer: B) To return matching rows from both tables**
48. Which SQL function counts rows?\
A) COUNT\
B) SUM\
C) AVG\
D) MAX\
**Answer: A) COUNT**
49. Which NoSQL database is best for real-time analytics?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**
50. What is database normalization?\
A) Adding redundant data\
B) Reducing data redundancy\
C) Creating indexes\
D) Partitioning tables\
**Answer: B) Reducing data redundancy**
51. Which SQL clause filters groups after GROUP BY?\
A) WHERE\
B) HAVING\
C) ORDER BY\
D) ON\
**Answer: B) HAVING**
52. Which NoSQL database is best for recommendation systems?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: C) Neo4j**
53. What is a database trigger?\
A) A stored procedure executed automatically\
B) A query to retrieve data\
C) A table index\
D) A database backup\
**Answer: A) A stored procedure executed automatically**
54. Which SQL statement grants permissions?\
A) GRANT\
B) REVOKE\
C) DENY\
D) ALTER\
**Answer: A) GRANT**
55. Which NoSQL database is key-value based?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**
56. What is the purpose of the SQL LEFT JOIN?\
A) To return all rows from the left table\
B) To return matching rows only\
C) To return non-matching rows\
D) To return sorted rows\
**Answer: A) To return all rows from the left table**
57. Which SQL function finds the maximum value?\
A) COUNT\
B) SUM\
C) AVG\
D) MAX\
**Answer: D) MAX**
58. Which NoSQL database is best for unstructured data?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: A) MongoDB**
59. What is a database stored procedure?\
A) A precompiled SQL code block\
B) A table index\
C) A database backup\
D) A query to retrieve data\
**Answer: A) A precompiled SQL code block**
60. Which SQL statement revokes permissions?\
A) GRANT\
B) REVOKE\
C) DENY\
D) ALTER\
**Answer: B) REVOKE**
61. Which NoSQL database is column-family based?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
62. What is the purpose of the SQL RIGHT JOIN?\
A) To return all rows from the right table\
B) To return matching rows only\
C) To return non-matching rows\
D) To return sorted rows\
**Answer: A) To return all rows from the right table**
63. Which SQL function calculates the average?\
A) COUNT\
B) SUM\
C) AVG\
D) MAX\
**Answer: C) AVG**
64. Which NoSQL database is best for network analysis?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: C) Neo4j**
65. What is a database constraint?\
A) A rule to enforce data integrity\
B) A query to retrieve data\
C) A table index\
D) A database backup\
**Answer: A) A rule to enforce data integrity**
66. Which SQL statement creates an index?\
A) CREATE INDEX\
B) ALTER INDEX\
C) DROP INDEX\
D) TRUNCATE INDEX\
**Answer: A) CREATE INDEX**
67. Which NoSQL database is best for high write throughput?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
68. What is the purpose of the SQL FULL JOIN?\
A) To return all rows from both tables\
B) To return matching rows only\
C) To return non-matching rows\
D) To return sorted rows\
**Answer: A) To return all rows from both tables**
69. Which SQL function finds the minimum value?\
A) COUNT\
B) SUM\
C) AVG\
D) MIN\
**Answer: D) MIN**
70. Which NoSQL database is best for session storage?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**
71. What is database sharding?\
A) Dividing data across multiple servers\
B) Creating indexes\
C) Normalizing data\
D) Backing up data\
**Answer: A) Dividing data across multiple servers**
72. Which SQL clause specifies table aliases?\
A) AS\
B) ON\
C) WHERE\
D) GROUP BY\
**Answer: A) AS**
73. Which NoSQL database supports flexible schemas?\
A) MySQL\
B) PostgreSQL\
C) MongoDB\
D) Oracle\
**Answer: C) MongoDB**
74. What is the purpose of a database backup?\
A) To improve query performance\
B) To recover data after loss\
C) To create indexes\
D) To normalize data\
**Answer: B) To recover data after loss**
75. Which SQL statement deletes an index?\
A) CREATE INDEX\
B) ALTER INDEX\
C) DROP INDEX\
D) TRUNCATE INDEX\
**Answer: C) DROP INDEX**
76. Which NoSQL database is best for geospatial data?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: A) MongoDB**
77. What is a database transaction property?\
A) ACID\
B) CRUD\
C) REST\
D) SOAP\
**Answer: A) ACID**
78. Which SQL clause limits the number of rows returned?\
A) WHERE\
B) LIMIT\
C) GROUP BY\
D) ORDER BY\
**Answer: B) LIMIT**
79. Which NoSQL database is best for distributed systems?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
80. What does the ‘A’ in ACID stand for?\
A) Availability\
B) Atomicity\
C) Accuracy\
D) Adaptability\
**Answer: B) Atomicity**
81. Which SQL statement creates a view?\
A) CREATE VIEW\
B) ALTER VIEW\
C) DROP VIEW\
D) TRUNCATE VIEW\
**Answer: A) CREATE VIEW**
82. Which NoSQL database is best for caching key-value data?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**
83. What is the purpose of a database index?\
A) To store data\
B) To speed up data retrieval\
C) To link tables\
D) To delete data\
**Answer: B) To speed up data retrieval**
84. Which SQL clause combines multiple conditions?\
A) AND\
B) ON\
C) GROUP BY\
D) ORDER BY\
**Answer: A) AND**
85. Which NoSQL database is best for fraud detection?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: C) Neo4j**
86. What is a database cursor?\
A) A pointer to query results\
B) A table index\
C) A database backup\
D) A stored procedure\
**Answer: A) A pointer to query results**
87. Which SQL statement updates a view?\
A) CREATE VIEW\
B) ALTER VIEW\
C) DROP VIEW\
D) TRUNCATE VIEW\
**Answer: B) ALTER VIEW**
88. Which NoSQL database is best for high read/write operations?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
89. What does the ‘C’ in ACID stand for?\
A) Consistency\
B) Concurrency\
C) Compression\
D) Connectivity\
**Answer: A) Consistency**
90. Which SQL clause negates a condition?\
A) NOT\
B) AND\
C) OR\
D) ON\
**Answer: A) NOT**
91. Which NoSQL database is best for document storage?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: A) MongoDB**
92. What is a database partition?\
A) Dividing a table into smaller parts\
B) Creating indexes\
C) Normalizing data\
D) Backing up data\
**Answer: A) Dividing a table into smaller parts**
93. Which SQL statement deletes a view?\
A) CREATE VIEW\
B) ALTER VIEW\
C) DROP VIEW\
D) TRUNCATE VIEW\
**Answer: C) DROP VIEW**
94. Which NoSQL database is best for IoT data?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: B) Cassandra**
95. What does the ‘I’ in ACID stand for?\
A) Integrity\
B) Isolation\
C) Index\
D) Interface\
**Answer: B) Isolation**
96. Which SQL clause combines rows with any matching condition?\
A) AND\
B) OR\
C) NOT\
D) ON\
**Answer: B) OR**
97. Which NoSQL database is best for social media analytics?\
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Neo4j\
D) Redis\
**Answer: C) Neo4j**
98. What is a database replication?\
A) Copying data across servers\
B) Creating indexes\
C) Normalizing data\
D) Backing up data\
**Answer: A) Copying data across servers**
99. Which SQL function concatenates strings?\
A) CONCAT\
B) SUM\
C) AVG\
D) MAX\
**Answer: A) CONCAT**
Which NoSQL database is best for fast data retrieval?
A) MongoDB\
B) Cassandra\
C) Redis\
D) Neo4j\
**Answer: C) Redis**