Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

INTRODUCTION

Fishing has been one of the oldest livelihoods in human history, sustaining

communities and cultures across the world. Local fishermen, from the coastal villages of

Asia to the small ports of Europe, play a vital role in providing food, preserving traditions,

and supporting local economies. Despite their contribution, many of them face challenges

such as declining fish stocks, and economic pressures brought by industrial fishing. Yet,

their resilience and knowledge of the sea remain essential not only for their survival but also

for global food security. Understanding the lives and struggles of local fishermen around the

world helps us see the importance of protecting both their way of life and the marine

resources they depend on.

Globally, Many efforts have been introduced to support fisher communities. For

instance, Catch Together in the United States provides small-scale fishers with financial

support, business training, and access to permit banks that ensure fair harvesting rights.

The organization plans to invest US$25–50 million in restoring fish stocks and

strengthening fisherfolk communities. Likewise, the Center for Oceans, an initiative by

Conservation International, partners with over 150 organizations worldwide to promote

sustainable fishing practices, restore coastal ecosystems, defend human rights in the

seafood industry, and safeguard food security for millions. These examples highlight the

growing global movement to balance economic progress with environmental sustainability,

a mission that ILPF embodies in supporting the livelihood and resilience of local fisherfolk.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

Coastal communities such as Barangay Pagkilatan in Batangas City depend heavily

on fishing as their primary source of livelihood. Because of this, the welfare of local

fishermen is closely tied to the sustainability of the marine environment and the availability

of support from the government and private sectors. Determining the various community

initiatives and programs for fishermen in Pagkilatan is crucial in understanding how these

efforts address their needs whether in terms of financial assistance, equipment, or

environmental conservation. Examining these initiatives also provides insights into their

actual impact on the fishermen’s work situation, including income stability, productivity, and

overall quality of life. By analyzing these programs, stakeholders can identify strengths,

gaps, and opportunities for improvement that will ultimately enhance the socio-economic

condition of the local fishing community.

Locally, programs like The Integrated Livelihood Program for Fisherfolk (ILPF) a

government program led by agencies like the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

(BFAR) and QUEDANCOR. It provides financial help and support to give small fisherfolk

new and sustainable livelihood opportunities. The goal is to lessen the pressure on

nearshore fishing areas while helping families earn more income. Alongside this, the

Kadiwa ng Bagong Bayaning Mangingisda (KBBM) Program helps fishers by making sure

their fresh catch is bought directly at sea through the government’s fish carrier, MV

Mamalakaya. This reduces waste after fishing, increases fisherfolk’s income, and supports

food security in the country.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

This study aims to determine the community initiatives and programs provided for

local fishermen in Pagkilatan, Batangas City and to examine their effects on the fishermen’s

work situation. It seeks to identify the types of programs and assistance being implemented,

as well as to understand how these initiatives influence the livelihood, income, and overall

work practices of the fishing community. Furthermore, the study aims to assess whether

these programs contribute to improving the socio-economic conditions of the fishermen and

addressing the challenges they face in their daily activities. Ultimately, the findings of this

study are expected to provide valuable insights that can guide future policies and projects

designed to strengthen the support system for local fishermen.

Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to determine the different community initiatives and programs

available for local fishermen in Pagkilatan, Batangas City and assess their effects on the

fishermen’s work situation, particularly in terms of income stability, productivity, resource

management, and overall well-being. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. How are these initiatives and programs accessed and utilized by the fishermen?

2. What are the effects of these initiatives and programs on the fishermen’s work situation

in terms of income, productivity, and sustainability of their livelihood?

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

3. What challenges do the fishermen face in availing or benefiting from these initiatives and

programs?

4. How do these initiatives and programs influence the fishermen’s capacity for long-term

resource management and environmental stewardship?

5. What recommendations can be made to improve the design, implementation, and

accessibility of community programs to better support the needs of local fishermen?

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

According to C. Alves, et al. (2022) in their article “Fisher perceptions of Belize’s

Managed Access program reveal overall support but need for improved enforcement “, a

major challenge facing global fisheries is gaining support for sustainable management,

which is vital for ensuring the longevity of coastal resources for livelihood and ecosystem

benefits. Territorial User Rights for Fishing (TURFs) have emerged as a possible solution to

overfishing by requiring fishers to report their catch, color-code their vessels, and fish in

designated areas. Belize was the first country in the Caribbean to implement TURFs — in a

program called “Managed Access” — with two pilot sites opening in 2011 and seven sites

added in 2016. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of fishers in

the Managed Access program, comparing responses between 2014 and 2019. We

collaborated with the Belize Fisheries Department and two local conservation organizations

to administer surveys to 362 fishers in 2014 and 123 fishers in 2019, from ten communities

in southern Belize. Overall, fishers in both years understood the requirements for acquiring

and renewing their licenses, but in 2019, significantly more fishers understood the logbook

reporting requirement and the benefits of having tenure rights than those in 2014. 69% of

respondents from 2019 support the program in the long run, but 62% report observing

illegal fishing behavior. These data suggest a need to educate fishers about the benefits of

accurate catch reporting, improve enforcement, and develop fisher empowerment

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

programs, while also guiding management decisions on a national scale. Although the

Managed Access program in Belize is fairly new, the lessons learned can be applied to

other small-scale fisheries contexts.

According to N. Habib et al. (2023) in “The influence and Impact of Livelihood

Capitals on Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Developing Countries: a Systematic

Literature Review” that livelihood diversification is an essential strategy for managing

economic and environmental shocks and reducing rural poverty in developing countries.

This article presents a comprehensive two-part literature review on livelihood capital and

livelihood diversification strategies. Firstly, it identifies the role of livelihood capital in

determining livelihood diversification strategies, and secondly, it assesses the role of

livelihood diversification strategies in reducing rural poverty in developing countries.

Evidence suggests that human, natural, and financial capitals are the primary determining

assets of livelihood diversification strategies. However, the role of social and physical

capital with livelihood diversification has not widely been studied. Education, farming

experience, family size, land holding size, access to formal credit, access to market, and

membership in village organizations were the major influencing factors in the adoption

process of livelihood diversification strategies. The contribution of livelihood diversification

in poverty reduction (SDG-1) was realized through improved food security and nutrition,

increased income level, sustainability of crop production, and mitigating climatic

vulnerabilities. This study suggests enhanced livelihood diversification through improved

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

access to and availability of livelihood assets is vital in reducing rural poverty in developing

countries.

According to R.A. De Sa (2024) “The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana”

(PMMSY ) scheme is an important initiative designed to strengthen Indian communities of

fisherfolk. The complex workings of the Pradhan Matri Matsya Sampada Yojana Scheme

and its impact on the life of fisherfolk communities in Goa are examined in depth in this

study. The study primarily focused on three objectives that are to assess the impact of

income change before and after the implementation of the scheme., to assess the level of

awareness among fisherfolk communities, and to understand the socioeconomic profile of

the fisherfolk communities. The data was collected from a sample size of 100 through

structured questionnaires from the fisherfolk communities across Goa. utilizing a blend of

quantitative methodologies, including descriptive statistics, ANOVA tests, and logistic

regression analysis, this study unveils the intricate dynamics of PMMSY influence. The

findings included that the level of income changes after the implementation of the Pradhan

Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana Scheme, and most of the fisherfolk individuals were aware

of the scheme provided by the government and the impact of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya

Sampada Yojana Scheme can be seen through socio-economic conditions of the fisherfolk

communities.

As stated by Hossen, Md Anwar (2024),”Towards Sustainability: A Literature Review

of Small-Scale Fishery Management Practices in Bangladesh” The systematic literature

review conducted in this study focuses on small-scale fishery management techniques in

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

Bangladesh. The review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of various studies

published between 2000 and 2024, shedding light on the challenges, opportunities, and

sustainability issues within Bangladesh's small-scale fisheries. The research delves into the

economic, environmental, and social dimensions of small-scale fishing in Bangladesh,

emphasizing the sector's significant contribution to the country's economy, food security,

and employment. Notably, the study highlights the importance of sustainable management

practices, such as community-based management (CBM) and co-management, in

enhancing fish stock health, biodiversity, and resilience. Furthermore, the integration of

traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) with scientific knowledge emerges as a crucial

strategy for promoting sustainable and resilient practices in small-scale fisheries. The study

concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing the sustainability, resilience,

and equity of small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh, emphasizing the need for a holistic

approach that addresses ecological, economic, and social dimensions. By following these

recommendations, future research endeavors can contribute to the development of

effective and sustainable management strategies, ensuring the long-term viability and

prosperity of Bangladesh's small-scale fisheries sector.

Lastly, according to D.B. Oether, “A Case Study of Community-Engaged Design:

Creating Parametric Insurance to Meet the Safety Needs of Fisherfolk in the Caribbean”The

creation of the Caribbean Ocean and Aquaculture Sustainability facility (COAST) is used as

a case study of community-engaged design addressing safety needs. COAST is a

parametric insurance product, sold to national governments, which was designed to meet

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

the food and nutrition security of small- and medium-scale fisherfolk. The design of COAST

is an example of convergence research, where the discipline of engineering was integrated

with another discipline to solve pressing societal needs of Caribbean fisherfolk. This case

study demonstrates that community-engaged design helps to (1) identify and include

historically underrepresented stakeholders, (2) emphasize the importance of professional

responsibility for project implementation, and (3) achieve long-term sustainability of the

design (i.e., COAST has been renewed for a third policy year, 2021/2022).

Related Studies

According to Y.M. Boncan (2021), “Casting Hope for Our Collective Future:

Unpacking Marine Protection Efforts of the Sulubaaï Environmental Foundation in

Pangatalan Island, Taytay, Palawan Using the Community-based Coastal Resource

Management Framework’’, a Sulubaaï Environmental Foundation (SEF) is a French-owned

non-governmental organization (NGO) that was founded in 2012 and operates in

Pangatalan Island, Taytay, Palawan. Its primary focus is to address the issues of

biodiversity conservation, ecosystem restoration, and support sustainable resource

management. As part of its marine protection project, SEF established a marine protected

area (MPA) in 2016. This qualitative case study utilized the Community-Based Resource

Management framework and its three (3) goals (good governance, poverty reduction, and

natural resource conservation) to analyze and understand 1) how the interventions of SEF

in Pangatalan Island impact local community development and 2) assess if SEF’s past four

(4) interventions improved coastal resource management at the local level. The researcher

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

conducted nine (9) semi-structured key informant interviews based on work done with SEF.

Aside from answering the two main research questions, remote interviews also aimed to

unpack experiential accounts of how SEF engaged with them. The researcher unpacked

SEF’s four (4) interventions: 1) establish an MPA, 2) conduct coral reef restoration, 3) hire

local staff members, and 4) engage with local schools through the CBRM framework, a

theoretical framework, and three (3) hypotheses. Overall, the data shows that: 1) according

to the theoretical framework, points of collaboration between local community, LGUs, and

SEF to achieve the coastal resource conservation and management of PIMPA are more

evident in good governance and natural resource conservation; 2) according to the CBRM

framework, active and meaningful participation was most evident in good governance and

poverty reduction, and 3) according to the three (3) hypotheses, the presence of each

CBRM goal was high, as measured by each of its characteristics.

According to Dr. Eden Grace V. Tabanao (2025) to her journal “What’s Next for

Fishermen Examining Future Maritime Trends and Industry Sustainability” that the fishing

industry faces mounting challenges due to economic instability, technological

advancements, and environmental changes, raising concerns about its long-term

sustainability. This study, What’s Next for Fishermen? Examining Future Maritime Trends

and Industry Sustainability, explores the evolving maritime trends and future outlook of the

fishing community in La Libertad, Negros Oriental, Philippines. It aims to assess

fishermen’s socio-economic conditions, identify their technological aspirations, and

determine key factors shaping marine capture fisheries. A descriptive research design was

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

employed, involving 254 respondents from six coastal barangays: Pisong, Martilo, North

Poblacion, South Poblacion, Cantupa, and San Jose. Data were collected through

structured surveys and analyzed using statistical tools. Results indicate that most fishermen

are male, aged 46-60, married, and supporting households of 1-5 members, with monthly

earnings below ₱9,520 and low educational attainment. Technological preferences highlight

a shift toward modernization, with Fiber Glass Boats, Spin Cast Fishing Reels, and Fish

Finders emerging as the most sought-after equipment. Fishermen anticipate improvements

in fishery management systems and resource recovery but recognize the necessity of

investing in new fishing grounds due to shifting fish populations. The study underscores the

critical role of government support in providing access to modern fishing technologies,

enhancing management systems, and ensuring economic stability. Findings offer valuable

insights for policymakers in developing targeted interventions that address industry

challenges, promote sustainable fishing practices, and enhance the resilience of coastal

communities. Strengthening collaboration between fishermen, local authorities, and

stakeholders is vital in navigating future maritime trends and securing the long-term viability

of marine capture fisheries.

According to J.B. Genora (2025), “Challenges in Teaching Agriculture and Fishery

Arts to Grade 7 Students by Non Agriculture and Fishery Arts faculty”,This phenomenology

research study delves into the challenges which non-AFA faculty encounter when they are

assigned to teach Agriculture and Fishery Arts to Grade 7 students. The researcher

conducted semi structured interviews with 5 non-AFA faculty in two public secondary

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

schools and used qualitative research design. Thematic analysis showed that the

participants struggled with adequate resources for practical lessons, a lack of diverse

technical skills like crop production and designing engaging yet curriculum-conforming

activities for the students. The teacher’s lack of appropriate tools and facilities coupled with

inadequate technical knowledge made teachers resort to theoretical instruction as the sole

teaching method. Seeking self- directed learning, many teachers, however, showed great

resilience in overcoming these challenges by collaborating with their peers. These findings

imply that assigning non-specialist teachers suffering the quality of education unless the

teachers have had adequate training and resources. The study suggests that AFA teaching

can only be effective when the teachers possess the relevant expertise, adequate

resources, and professional training. Hence, to improve the standard of technical and

vocational educational programs classroom teachers’ assignments need to incorporate

alterations, so that their areas of expertise are in line with the teaching resources.

As stated by E. Scalisi et al. (2024), “Building Stewardship Capacity through Fishers’

Knowledge and Advocacy in Fisheries Management: a Case Study from Southeast Alaska”,

the local environmental stewardship supports resilience of social-ecological systems

through a wide range of actions that benefit both environmental and human wellbeing.

Stewardship actions of harvesters have been recognized as an important component in

building adaptive capacity of coastal fisheries undergoing change. In Southeast Alaska,

where commercial fishing plays a key role in cultures and economies, concerns for local

fisheries have arisen from declines in salmon returns, high price variability, and barriers to

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

participation, among other issues. Here, we aimed to understand existing and potential

pathways for stewardship actions of small-boat commercial fishers in Juneau, Alaska. We

conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 commercial fishers, agency staff, and leaders

of seafood associations to document fisher-led stewardship actions and ways that small-

boat commercial fishers engage formally and informally with local management, explore the

role of fishery management agencies in facilitating collaboration and communication with

fishers in the Juneau area, and understand local perspectives on how the stewardship

capacities of the fishery system can be better supported. We found that multiple pathways

for stewardship exist in commercial salmon and shellfish fisheries, including formal and

informal interactions with state fishery management staff and decision-makers, participation

in fishing associations and advocacy organizations, knowledge sharing among fishers, and

taking personal conservation actions to care for fisheries. We identified areas of relatively

low social, financial, and institutional capital that may limit the effectiveness of these

stewardship actions. Our findings highlight diverse perspectives of fishery participants on

how these stewardship actions might be better supported through policy, advocacy, and

collaboration.

According to P. Watts et al. (2022) “Philippine Fisherfolk: Sustainable Community

Development Action Research and Reflexive Education”, a bioregional participatory study is

presented in response to the global need for new mechanisms and methodologies to meet

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for small-scale fisheries (SSF). Herein, a

dispersed Philippine fisherfolk community defined by fish-stocks is engaged to elucidate

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

consensus that can support participatory educational programming. A Cultural Consensus

Model is characterized within transdisciplinary Participatory Action Research and Learning

on sustainable fisheries and poverty mitigation. The bioregional fisherfolk epistemology on

Coastal Resource Management as outlined supports food security. Results present an

example for national and international applications using social artistry for curriculum

development through a government and non-government organization partnership.

Recognizing traditional fisherfolk artisanal epistemologies within professional and

paraprofessional Ecohealth certification can support mitigation of chronic poverty and

promote sustainability through an ecocentric-anthropocentric balance. This Philippine meta-

level change mechanism for SSF could also contribute directly to the need for Indigenous

and other local input on governing the global-ocean commons.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study utilized a qualitative research design, which is a structured method of

collecting and analyzing data to identify patterns, describe experiences, and draw insights

from participants. Specifically, this research focused on identifying the existing community

initiatives and programs that support local fisherfolks in Barangay Pagkilatan. It also aimed

to promote new programs and determine how these initiatives benefit the fisherfolks in their

daily lives. The participants were selected based on their knowledge and experience in

fishing, allowing the researchers to assess whether programs have been establisxhed to

assist them in addressing their challenges.

Subject of the Study

The population of this study consisted of selected fisherfolks from Barangay

Pagkilatan, chosen according to criteria such as their knowledge and experience in

traditional fishing methods. A total of 10 fisherfolks participated as respondents. They were

considered suitable participants because of their familiarity with the fishing industry and

their firsthand experiences with existing community programs and initiatives.

Data Gathering Instrument

To collect data and information, the researchers used a survey questionnaire. The

questionnaire was designed to gather information about the fisherfolks’ perceptions,

perceived benefits, and challenges regarding community initiatives and programs that

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

support them. It also included open-ended questions to obtain additional insights and

recommendations from the respondents.

A Likert Scale was used to quantify the responses, with numerical values corresponding to

specific verbal interpretations. The weighted average of responses was interpreted using

the following criteria:

OPTIONS SCALE/RANGE VERBAL

INTERPRETATION

4 3.25 - 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.20 - 3.24 Agree

2 1.75 - 2.49 Disagree

1 1.00 - 1.74 Strongly Disagree

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers prepared a questionnaire designed to collect the necessary data for

the study. The instrument was validated by the research adviser to ensure that the

questions were appropriate, relevant, and aligned with the study’s objectives. After

validation, the questionnaires were distributed to the selected fisherfolks. Respondents

were given sufficient time to complete the survey, after which the accomplished

questionnaires were collected for analysis.

The scoring of responses followed the Likert Scale system, allowing respondents to

express their level of agreement based on their own experiences and opinions. All data

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

collected were treated with strict confidentiality. The gathered information was categorized,

tallied, and analyzed based on the results of the statistical treatments.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Weighted Mean – Used to determine the overall perception of respondents regarding the

effectiveness and benefits of community initiatives and programs.

Frequency – Used to identify how often certain responses or values occurred, aiding data

interpretation.

Ranking – Used to determine the order of significance or priority among the gathered

responses.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

RESULTS, DISCUSSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Access and Utilization of Programs

Indicators Mean Verbal

Interpretation

1. I am aware of the community programs available for 3.3 Agree

fishermen.

2.I have participated in at least one fishing-related 3.2 Agree

program.

3.I find it easy to access these programs. 3 Agree

4. I receive updates or announcements about 3.2 Agree

available programs.

5. I know where to go when I need help from these 3.3 Agree

programs.

General Weighted Mean 3.2 Agree

The survey results indicate that fishermen generally agree with the statements

regarding community programs available to them. They are aware of these programs and

know where to seek help when needed, both scoring a mean of 3.3. Participation, ease of

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

access, and receiving updates all received a slightly lower but still positive mean score of

3.2, suggesting that while the programs are known and somewhat accessible, there may be

opportunities to improve outreach and engagement. The general weighted mean of 3.2

reflects a consistent level of agreement across all indicators, implying that the community

programs are functioning adequately but could benefit from enhanced communication and

support to maximize their impact.

B. Effects on Income and Productivity

Indicators Mean Verbal

Interpretation

1. I earn more income because of these programs. 2.9 Agree

2. I catch fish more efficiently due to program support. 2.7 Agree

3. I received tools or equipment that improved my fishing practices. 2.2 Disagree

4. I feel more secure about my livelihood because of these programs. 2.7 Agree

5. I believe these programs help make my fishing practices more 3.1 Agree

sustainable.

General Weighted Mean 2.72 Agree

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

The survey results reveal that fishermen have mixed experiences with the impact of

community programs on their livelihood. While the overall general weighted mean of 2.72

falls within the “Agree” range, it suggests only moderate satisfaction. Respondents agree

that these programs help increase income (Mean = 2.9), improve fishing efficiency (2.7),

provide a sense of livelihood security (2.7), and promote sustainable fishing practices (3.1).

However, there is clear dissatisfaction regarding the provision of tools or equipment, with a

low mean score of 2.2 and a “Disagree” interpretation. This indicates that while the

programs offer some benefits, they may lack tangible support in terms of resources, which

could limit their effectiveness in improving fishing practices. Strengthening material

assistance could enhance the overall impact of these initiatives.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

C. Challenges in Availing Programs

Indicators Mean Verbal

Interpretation

1. I find the program requirements difficult to understand. 2.1 Disagree

2. There is limited follow-up after joining a program. 2.4 Disagree

3. I experience delays in receiving benefits or support. 2.6 Agree

4. I struggle to meet the qualifications for some programs. 2.3 Disagree

5. I lack access to technology or documents needed to join certain 2.4 Disagree

programs.

General Weighted Mean 2.36 Disagree

The findings suggest that fishermen encounter only a few challenges when engaging

with community programs. Most respondents disagree with statements about confusing

requirements (Mean = 2.1), limited follow-up (2.4), qualification struggles (2.3), and lack of

access to necessary technology or documents (2.4), indicating that these issues are not

widespread. However, there is slight agreement regarding delays in receiving benefits or

support (2.6), pointing to a need for improved efficiency in program delivery. With a general

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

weighted mean of 2.36, the overall interpretation leans toward disagreement, suggesting

that while the system is generally accessible, timely support remains an area for

improvement.

D. Resource Management and Environmental Stewardship

Indicators Mean Verbal

Interpretatio

1.I understand the importance of managing marine 3.5 Agree

resources.

2. I learned sustainable fishing practices through these 3.1 Agree

programs.

3. I practice sustainable fishing because of what I learned 2.8 Agree

from programs.

4. I believe these programs help protect future fish 3 Agree

stocks.

5. I am willing to participate in conservation efforts. 3.5 Agree

Genersl Weighted Mean 3.18 Agree

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

The survey results show that fishermen generally agree with the positive impact of

community programs on marine resource management and sustainability. Respondents

strongly recognize the importance of managing marine resources (Mean = 3.5) and express

a high willingness to participate in conservation efforts (3.5), indicating strong

environmental awareness and commitment. They also agree that these programs have

taught them sustainable fishing practices (3.1) and helped them understand the value of

protecting future fish stocks (3.0). Although the practice of sustainable fishing based on

program learning scored slightly lower (2.8), it still falls within the “Agree” range. The

general weighted mean of 3.18 reflects overall agreement, suggesting that the programs

are effective in promoting sustainable attitudes and behaviors among fishermen.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

E. Program Improvement and Policy Recommendations

Indicators Mean Verbal

Interpretation

1.I am interested in joining future community programs. 3.6 Strongly

Agree

2. I believe programs should be better tailored to fisher folk's 3.5 Strongly

needs. Agree

3. I would benefit from more training or education about these 3.8 Strongly

programs. Agree

4. I am willing to help promote programs to other fishermen. 3.8 Strongly

Agree

5. I believe government and private sectors should collaborate 3.8 Strongly

more. Agree

General Weighted Mean 3.7 Strongly

Agree

The responses reveal a strong enthusiasm among fishermen toward future

community programs. They express a clear interest in joining upcoming initiatives (Mean =

3.6) and strongly believe that these programs should be better tailored to their specific

needs (3.5). There is a high demand for more training and education (3.8), matched by a

strong willingness to promote these programs to others (3.8). Additionally, respondents

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may
Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

firmly support greater collaboration between government and private sectors (3.8). With a

general weighted mean of 3.7, the overall interpretation reflects a proactive and optimistic

attitude, suggesting that fishermen are not only engaged but also eager to enhance and

expand the reach of these programs.

Recommendations

Based on the common challenges faced by Pagkilatan Batangas City fishermen, the

following programs are highly recommended:

1. Coastal Resource Management (CRM) Establish/Strengthen a Locally Managed Marine

Area (LMMA): Work with the community to establish a Fish Sanctuary or Marine Protected

Area (MPA) in a key spawning ground.

2. Livelihood Diversification and Value Chain Post-Harvest and Value-Adding Training:

Provide training on fish processingand business skills.

3. Governance and Law Enforcement Establish a "Bantay Dagat" (Sea Patrol) Team:

Formalize and support a community-based patrol team with equipment (e.g., fuel subsidy,

communication gear) in partnership with the local LGU.

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

Determining the Community Initiatives and Programs for Local Fishermen in

Pagkilatan, Batangas City and its Effect to their Work Situation

A Mini-Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of

The Senior High SchooI Department of

Pedro S. Tolentino Memorial Integrated School

n Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

S.Y. 2025-2026

By:

Prince Lorence S. Sanchez

Den Harvey S. Sulit

October 2025

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS CITY
PEDRO S. TOLENTINO MEMORIAL INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Ilijan, Batangas City

Pagkakabuklod ng Samahang Tapat, Malinis, at may

Integridad na Serbisyo
Address: Hulong Bayanan, Ilijan, Batangas City
Mobile No.: 0917-105-1937
Email: 301475@[Link]
SCHOOL ID: 301475