ED2011 Tutorial Questions

Deadline September 13, 5.00 pm

September 4, 2024

1 Problem 1
Write the generalised Hooke’s law for Isotropic martial in cylindrical coordinates (r, θ, z)

2 Problem 2
Two material constants and the stress components in the (x, y) plane are given. Calculate ϵxx , ϵyy , ϵzz , γxy
and σzz assuming a). plane stress b) plane strain

2.1
E = 200 GPa, ν = 0.32, σxx = 100 MPa (T), σyy = 150 MPa(T), τxy = −125 MPa

2.2
E = 70 GPa, G = 28 GPa, σxx = 225 MPa (C), σyy = 125 MPa(T), τxy = 150 MPa

3 Problem 3
A rubber rod with a Young’s modulus ER = 2.1 GPa and Poisson’s ratio νR = 0.5 is placed inside a
steel tube, which is assumed to be rigid. The diameter of the rubber rod is dR = 200 mm, and the
inner diameter of the steel tube is dS = 204 mm, as shown in the figure 1. Given the applied force
P = 10 kN, determine the average normal stress in the y and z directions.

4 Problem 4
A 50 mm × 50 mm square with an inscribed circle is stressed as shown in the figure 2. The plate
material has a modulus of elasticity E = 70 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.25. Assuming plane
stress, determine the major and minor axes of the ellipse formed due to deformation.

5 Problem 5
Derive the following relations of normal stresses in terms of normal strain from the generalized Hooke’s
law:
[(1 − ν)ϵxx + ν (ϵyy + ϵzz )] E
σxx =
(1 − 2ν) (1 + ν)
[(1 − ν)ϵyy + ν (ϵzz + ϵxx )] E
σyy =
(1 − 2ν) (1 + ν)
[(1 − ν)ϵzz + ν (ϵxx + ϵyy )]
σzz =
(1 − 2ν) (1 + ν)

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Figure 1: Figure for problem 3

Figure 2: Figure for problem 4

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6 Problem 6
For a point in plane stress show that
 
E E v
σxx = (εxx + vεyy ) σyy = (εyy + vεxx ) εzz = − (εxx + εyy )
1 − v2 1 − v2 1−v

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 Sample tutorial problems

August 25, 2024

1. In a square two dimensional plate with one corner at (0,0) and two sides aligned along the x− and y−
axes, the shear stress is found to be given by σxy = 2xy 2 + x2 y. The normal stress on the boundary x = 0 is
σxx (0, y) = 5y and the normal stress on boundary y = 0 is σyy (x, 0) = 3x2 . Write down the full stress matrix as
a function of (x, y) and calculate the stress at (5,6). Ans: σxx (5, 6) = −312.66, σxy (5, 6) = 410, σyy (5, 6) = 51
2. A rigid massless bar is suspended from the ceiling by means of two wires of materials A and B separated by
a distance L. The material properties of the two wires are YA = Y and YB = 2Y . The areas of cross section
of the two wires are AA = A and AB = 1.25A. The yield strengths of the wires are σyA = 1.5σy and σ = σy .
(a) Where can a point load be applied such that the rigid bar remains parallel after application of the load
W ? Which wire will yield first? Ans: W should be applied 5L/7 from wire A.
(b) (Separate question: nothing to do with solution of 2(a)) What is the maximum value of a point load W
such that neither wire will yield? Ans: W should be applied 5L/11 from wire A.
3. The statically indeterminate structure shown in Fig. 1 consists of a horizontal rigid bar AB supported by
five equally spaced circular cross section rods (drawn in the figure as springs but are actually rods). Rods 1
has Young’s moduli 200 GPa. Their areas of cross-section are all equal to 50 mm2 . The lengths of rods 1, 2,
and 3 are respectively 50 cm, 75 cm and 100 cm. When unstressed, the lower ends of all five rods lie along
a horizontal line. Bar AB is massless, and a force W = 2500 N is applied as shown which causes the rods to
elongate by an amount δ.
(a) What are the Young’s moduli of the rods 2 and 3?
(b) Calculate δ.
(c) Find the forces in the rods F1 , F2 , and F3 .
(d) Calculate the overall stiffness of the system (force applied/displacement at the point of application of
the force).
(e) If the yield stresses of the rods 1, 2, and 3 are 120 MPa, 200 MPa and 150 MPa respectively, what are
the factors of safety for each of them.

Figure 1

4. A rigid cubical block of side a and density ρ (shown in black in Fig. 2) is dropped from a height H on
another cubical block (shown in blue in Fig. 4) of side a and density ρ which is stuck to the ground. The
block in blue has Young’s modulus Y and yield stress σY and is elastic-perfectly plastic. What height HY
should the black block be dropped such that the blue block will just yield? Derive a formula for the ratio of
initial height to rebound height if the block is dropped from a height greater than HY .
5. A rigid bar is hinged at C as shown in Figure 3. The modulus of elasticity of the bar A is 100 GPa and cross
sectional area is 15 mm2 and length is 1.5 m. Determined the force F if B moves to the left by 0.75 mm.
6. Bar A was manufactured 2 mm shorter than bar B due to a error. We can forcibly try to attach the bar
in two possible configurations (a) and (b) as shown in the Figure 4. Which would you recommend? The
Young’s modulus of the material is 70 GPa and the cross sectional areas of the bars A and B are 25 mm2 .
The horizontal bar may be modeled as being rigid.
Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4
 ED 2011: Department of Engineering Design
Final exam sample paper

December 5, 2020

Instructions:
1. Try to solve similar problems from the textbook or other sources for more practice.
Problems:

1. Sample Q1: The statically indeterminate structure shown in the figure consists of a horizontal
rigid bar AB supported by five equally spaced circular cross section rods (drawn in the figure
as springs but are actually rods). Rods 1, 2, and 3 have Young’s moduli 210, 130, and 70,
GPa respectively. Their areas of cross-section are all equal to 50 mm2 . The lengths of rods
1, 2, and 3 are respectively 50 cm, 75 cm and 100 cm. When unstressed, the lower ends of all
five rods lie along a horizontal line. Bar AB is massless, and a force W = 2500 N is applied
as shown which causes the rods to elongate by an amount δ.

(a) What are the stiffnesses of the rods 1, 2 and 3?

(b) Calculate δ.
(c) Find the forces in the rods F1 , F2 , and F3 .
(d) Calculate the overall stiffness of the system (force applied/displacement at the point of
application of the force).
(e) If the yield stresses of the rods 1, 2, and 3 are 120 MPa, 200 MPa and 150 MPa respec-
tively, what are the factors of safety for each of them.
(f) If the force W is applied upwards, what are the factors of safety against buckling of each
of the rods?

2. Sample Q2: An element in plane stress has stress components σxx = 105 MPa, and σxy = 75
MPa. One of the principal stresses is σ1 = 48 MPa.

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 (a) σyy is
(b) Calculate the other principal stress is
(c) The angles of the principal planes are
(d) The maximum shear stress is

3. Sample Q3: The stress state in MPa in a block is given by σxx = 30xy + 50y 2 . It is known
that σxy (x, 0) = 20x2 and σyy (0, y) = 30y 2 .

(a) Calculate σxy (x, y) and σyy (x, y).

(b) If E = 150 GPa and ν = 0.3 for the material, calculate the shear strain at location (1,2).
(c) If the yield strength is 650 MPa, what is the factor of safety against yield at (1,2)?

4. Sample Q4: The beam shown in the figure has square cross section of 1 cm × 1 cm. L = 80
cm, k = 3000 N/m, w = 160 N/m.

(a) Calculate the reaction forces at A and B

(b) What is the slope at C?
(c) What is the deflection at C?
(d) At what location does the beam have the highest stress?

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5. Sample Q5: An aluminum tube and a copper tube, each having a thickness of 5 mm, are
securely fastened to two rigid bars, as shown in Figure. The bars force the tubes to rotate
by equal angles. The two tubes are 1.5 m long, and the mean diameters of the aluminum
and copper tubes are 125 mm and 50 mm, respectively. The shear moduli for aluminum and
copper are Gal = 28 GPa and Gcu = 40 GPa. Under the action of the applied couple section
B of the two tubes rotates by an angle of 0.03 rad. Determine:

(a) the magnitude of maximum torsional shear stress in aluminum and copper;
(b) the magnitude of the couple that produced the given rotation.

6. Sample Q6: A pressurized steel tank is constructed with a helical weld that makes an angle
55◦ with the longitudinal axis (see figure). The tank has radius r = 0.6 m wall thickness t = 18
mm, and internal pressure p = 2.8 MPa. The tank is subjected to an axial compressive force
of 3000 N (not shown in the figure). Also, the steel has modulus of elasticity E = 200 GPa
and Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.3. Determine the following quantities for the cylindrical part of the
tank.

(a) The circumferential and longitudinal stresses.

(b) The maximum in-plane and out-of-plane shear stresses.
(c) The circumferential and longitudinal strains.
(d) The normal and shear stresses acting on planes parallel and perpendicular to the weld
(show these stresses on a properly oriented stress element).