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Understanding Logarithmic Functions

This lesson covers logarithmic functions, which are the inverses of exponential functions and are useful for solving problems with large or small numbers. It includes properties of logarithms, such as their domain and range, as well as rules for converting between logarithmic and exponential forms. Additionally, the document provides examples and exercises for practice.

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5 views4 pages

Understanding Logarithmic Functions

This lesson covers logarithmic functions, which are the inverses of exponential functions and are useful for solving problems with large or small numbers. It includes properties of logarithms, such as their domain and range, as well as rules for converting between logarithmic and exponential forms. Additionally, the document provides examples and exercises for practice.

Uploaded by

jaiqt101
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LESSON 4

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

• Logarithms are the inverse of exponential functions.


• They are used to solve problems involving very large or very small numbers.

Examples:

LOGARITHM FORM EXPONENTIAL FORM


2! = 8 log " 8 = 3
5# = 25 log $ 25 = 𝑥
log&' 50 = 𝑦
10% = 50 Or
log 50 = 𝑦 (Common logarithm)
log ) 20 = 𝑡
Or
𝑒 ( = 20
ln 20 = 𝑡
(ln means log base e)
3"#*& = 81 log ! 81 = 2𝑥 + 1

Reference video:
[Link]
EXERCISES 1: (1/2 Crosswise)
Rewrite each exponential equation in logarithmic form.

EXERCISES 2: (1/2 Crosswise)


Rewrite each logarithmic form in exponential form.
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
1. Domain: all positive numbers x
2. Range: all real numbers y
3. The function is increasing when b > 1, and it is decreasing when 0 < b < 1
4. The curve is concave down for b > 1 and it is concave up for 0 < b < 1
5. The function is one-to-one; if log + 𝑀 = log + 𝑁; then 𝑀 = 𝑁
6. The point (0,1) is on the curve and there is no y-intercept
7. The y-axis is a vertical asymptote to the curve in the downward direction for 𝑏 > 1
and in the upward direction for 0 < 𝑏 < 1

𝒍𝒏 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 where 𝒆 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟕𝟐

Example:
Common Logarithm
𝟏𝟎𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 à 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑

Natural Logarithm
𝒆𝒙 = 𝟓 à 𝐥𝐧 𝟓 = 𝒙
PROPERTIES EXAMPLES
Property 1 log + 1 = 0 log " 1 = 0
Property 2 log + 𝑏 = 1 log $ 5 = 1
Property 3 & &
log + + =-1 log ! ! =-1
Property 4 log + 𝑏 # = 𝑥 log / 7"#0& = 2𝑥 − 1

log " 8 à log " 2! = 3


Property 5 𝑏 123! # = 𝑥 5123" #*" = 𝑥 + 2
Property 6: log + 𝑀𝑁 = log + 𝑀 + log + 𝑁 log " 3𝑥 = log " 3 + log " 𝑥
Product Rule
Property 7: 𝑀 4
log + = log + 𝑀 − log + 𝑁 log ! = log ! 4 − log ! 5
Quotient Rule 𝑁 5
Property 8: log + 𝑀4 = 𝑐 log + 𝑀 log $ 6" = 2 log $ 6
Power Rule
Property 9: log + 𝑀 = log + 𝑁 log 5 3𝑥 = log 5 2𝑥 − 1
then M = N then 3x = 2x-1
3x-2x = -1
X = -1
Property 10: 123! 6
log + 𝑀 = 123! 7
Change-of-
base formula

References:
[Link] - Property 1-5
[Link] - Property 1-5
[Link] -Property 6 - 8
[Link] – Change-of-base formula
[Link] – Change-of-base formula

EXERCISES 3: (1 whole sheet of paper)


Expand the following logarithms and simplify. Use the di^erent laws/properties of
logarithms.

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