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Solution Topper Notes

The document discusses the solubility of gases in liquids, highlighting factors such as the nature of the gas and solvent, temperature, and limitations of Henry's law. It also covers concepts related to vapor pressure, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties, and osmotic pressure. Additionally, it explains the behavior of solutions under varying conditions, including boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

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Ahmad Huzaif
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57 views10 pages

Solution Topper Notes

The document discusses the solubility of gases in liquids, highlighting factors such as the nature of the gas and solvent, temperature, and limitations of Henry's law. It also covers concepts related to vapor pressure, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties, and osmotic pressure. Additionally, it explains the behavior of solutions under varying conditions, including boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Huzaif
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Solutions | solutions on COE eee goes _ogan __# | Solubility of, gar in liquid + (Hemy?s law) Ngan +0 Hap 1 ———t ) | kn — Kw = Henyy>s constant of gar @. Slope = kH = tans Depends on nature of gab 1 © kx Temp * | Factors affecting solubility Gi Gay? Terop 1 © Nature of gas : Order of, solubility _ | S03 7 S02 > CHY >” NH3 > HCl > 02/ No 7 Ho > He @ | Nature of solvent x Dielechic constant « Polarity @ | Temp x 1 : _ solubility © Limitation of Henrys law : @| PP =kn solubility © P=low T= low _ i _® Gra» dissolved in liq @ Tdeal ga» Behaviour © VY small amount of gad __ Solubile in lig 8 prin tt aoe Yan __@ Condensation + Vapour —y Niquict Cat equilibyium state) © At equilibviusn pressure exerted by vapouts on the surface axed _of liquid. when both liquid and Vapour: Both are at equilibriv™ _ Yopout pressvve —» Depends anly on the Termperctut® | classmate pact [|_|] __& Trop points of vapour pressure: © Th dosed vessel. 8 | wePret Temp 27 1 { closed vessel 3 Both ewoporation and condensation ___9| Tempe KE” © At Higher attitude y | KE=3 oR “P=low an) int = F | 2 , 7 r | - B-P (H20) < 100°C @ In pressure cooker, —+ cooking time For Food —> B:P (H20) v + Reduced © | during eva/ conden —y ‘no: of molecules on the surface area, | auwoys constant. sir Besos even pica oh ich veh Sect a | BPX 1 | we 20 —teec Low BP —— High VP — Volatle Niquid. | csocHs—ae'e High BP — Low VP_ — Non - Volatile liquid. CeHe — 6s'C _ | @HsoH —es"c See eat ete] classmate . ot COICO — =} = — Vapour stake LPa= YaTP Pa = YeTP “= Liquid state ~ Pe — VP of pure liguid 6 a | Pa= XAPAe | 1 xe _ xp MP of A in. fig iquid state PeIetes Ineo MB ef Beit [Link] — | battong tou of PP Yo — MF of Atin Vap. stake _TP sum of the PP we =e Ea Vap - stake «| Tdeal SNE [The solution which ae Raputts Jour exacty over emhve vange of, concenterationg is called Tdeal Solution 1A [aca B-B 2 mixed [p=8 fest aL = a > hielo’ ® ? jp AB solution ___|___ Rand 8 lig should have (adeal solution) O same FG : @ A-A=B-8 = A-B | @ some patie @ same intern © Non Ideal Solutions showing Deviation @ 4ve Deviation’ |? ® -ve Deviation : 3 LveP inceeabes | VP Decreanes 's classmate race | 1] PA-A and B-B sty A-B- Weak Pa> XAPAo r a ¢ __| 7P7 Pat PB aE “Tp < PA+PB __ | Atmix >0 — endothermic i= = @ Atmix 0 — Volume incceaxen @ Av mix <0 — volume deceeanes” “Tex: ciscocts + Canson eX! HO + CHacoDH [ [Link] CH3 + ether H20+ HCI) CCly + CH30H { CH30H + CH3CDDH 20 + cHBOR “ chels + cHacocia CH3COCH3 + CSa. chela + CeHe CeHSNH2'+ CH3COCHs ~ o- PB=PB XY a ve Deviation =ve Deviation | VeP Tnceeoes «WP Deceased met LIL) 1 elascmate. | eae 70) Non- ideal solution give azeotropic: tmixture. @ | Aftee roking N-P vob “both liquids ihe oy dect than. pure liquids @ | After mixing Stil liquids ine oY dec: than pure oe @ | means BP 4 Azenhopic mixture —> vector’ oO cS 7 BP of pure’ liquids 5 © | BP of both liquids same —> At this BP emoston of Both liguid phase and vapour phare are same’. ' 4 + ' £2 | | calligative properties t + Properties depends on: No- of solute particles | Buk not nakure of solute is called colligative properties . | “aa ll “7 © | Relative iaweibg ANP: [on addition of Non volatile solids che solvent decreanes called towering of vapour pressure. i 1 P of, solution 7 P= Vapour P of solvert) (Value Tneeeases) __—— According fo Roultg lau — Find P/pS/wr/ RP —— And Must of solute a PAGE classmate EI ost TCL ICLLO $)) PO-PS = my mut m- molality come’ 1000 Elevation of BP (AT) 1 dn addition of Non volatile solute , v-P of solvent decrearer { sO BP of solution increases called elevation Oy BP Ths > Te” levation / BP on dlevation constant ak conc oh § | sol? Armolal TRe-TH? = kb b x ust x 1000 mut Mut Depyession of Fre Freezing point ( On addition of Noo vate solute VP of solution m deckeares _So_FP of solution ce. called, Depression of FP. L Teo > TF O| ATF = THo-TFS <#- Fp of solvent | TsS= FP of solution ) | @| awe kfm kf — _axyoseopic / FP depression constant | ATS = KF X_wt x 1000 woe a | osmotic | pressure: 0 {rout Ug a solvent molecules Hi The external pressure applied | on the piston to stop the 0 osmosis mi caed “osmotic pressure . T= CST c= cone:= molaxity =inx po siwt x P= wt x 1000 _ S=R = 0-082) =} VU mut Ve mut Vent {2 4 = | clacemate vct CT] bare Two solutions mixed. (JTrs = oT + Ta an atu} | m4 [eas ’ | Aand B tworsolubong 1 | nik 7 dt kedl CSas| op(a) < OP(8) “=A is byputoniethonB To be) op (A) = OP (8) —— A is isotonic than B nef = J0*% t+} OP (A) '> a) — fis hypertonic thane phot “oe 0 i gf fo avrnvera e—— ¢ | Aand B are jofonie solution bx dwy dt =U fi [ta = Te] SOK Se Pax bh) of Wr Je de Ost = C2sT2 ) . 77 Ml ro Nel , Mut musts 2!) Tet 4 Me rai 2 oe Ca [ose = #1 dfeteqas apiczenqab V4 ’ 0 «| Formulae: 1 1s Ke (M20) = 186 5 | pod Thm b Xsolute () No. -of solute particles(t) « mot GDL Amount 5 ‘ok solute Qtiven - © Gt) No! of roles oh solute: (Xsotute) (iv) solution (0) 2 RV we/ BP/ aTb ] ATE) Fp/ VP [= Ise: . —_-—-. | classmate pace[ | | et TCI | “Rowrding to to Roults Jouy eh ey _ 0 | Diluke — "Pps = ot x nut = Pe/wr _ 9) o po cs mat OE Po/ RP ee per = ut x Must mevrt of 9 Ps mut WE solute it * | Rand B ate isotonic solution ——, ut, y 1000 = wWte x Joo Mut, Wy mut, = V2. * | Routt’ laur: RUVP = Xsolute i | \vP_= Xsolute j Po ¢ | Abnormal mut — VantHoff Facioy Ww i = No- of Solute patticles ——> for presodation — Lyi | For Association — i An Lata | 4, solute 0-1 3A — AB j ® | For degree of axsociotion (ot) = R-1 4A AG | of solute a ; 2 tei of “particles -asso/ + of paxticles asso/ dixso “when x= 1007. OY K #1007. classmate eact TT] pare [ - No- of particles anso/ dias No of parkicles taken 4 1 tw unl eHusd a al ated ¢ i= Noval) ut? Tabnovmnal wt = Normal weightin 4 Abnormal asb—— dur x dy = i-eq eh silos dw dwn con K eda O000y tuo < — Mlulos sinciael asp Abana *® sv | otum Wer kun dulce X= VIF nol erdivaa . oilook = 1 1) voll Fuldaev ~ teats inonerwdae ql

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