Data Visualization in Python
Introduction to Matplotlib
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October 11, 2025
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What is Matplotlib?
Core Python library for static, animated, and interactive visualizations.
Hierarchy: Figuring (canvas), Axes (plot region).
Interface mainly via pyplot as plt.
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Line Plot Example
import matplotlib . pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np . linspace (0 , 10 , 100)
y = x **2
fig , ax = plt . subplots ()
ax . plot (x , y )
ax . set_xlabel ( ’X - axis ’)
ax . set_ylabel ( ’Y - axis ’)
ax . set_title ( ’y = x ^2 ’)
plt . show ()
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Line Plot Exercise
Plot y = sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4π, labeling the axes properly.
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Bar Chart Example
courses = [ ’ CS ’ , ’ Mech ’ , ’ ECE ’ , ’ Civil ’]
students = [85 , 62 , 78 , 55]
fig , ax = plt . subplots ()
ax . bar ( courses , students )
ax . set_ylabel ( ’ Number of Students ’)
ax . set_title ( ’ Student Enrollment ’)
plt . show ()
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Bar Chart Exercise
Create a bar chart with months Jan-April and revenues 50, 65, 80, 72
respectively.
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Scatter Plot Example
x = np . random . rand (50) *100
y = np . random . rand (50) *100
fig , ax = plt . subplots ()
ax . scatter (x , y )
ax . set_title ( ’ Scatter Plot Example ’)
plt . show ()
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Scatter Plot Exercise
Plot a scatter plot showing a positive correlation plus some noise.
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Summary
Matplotlib basics: Figure and Axes.
Core plots: line, bar, scatter.
Exercises promote hands-on learning.
Advanced topics not covered here can be explored later.
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