DS Sir
Ecosystem l f61·ohc -+ ~b,·ot\c)
History:
Tansley: -ti-rst trme t'cosashrri l"lorcl USecl ( F ri os ed ) .
l fc,"/JsJ,,M 1s 'cJ"b,1, 1 D~[Link] & f nch'an 1 [Link](e.
~Ctord1'nJ t'-ICfKT :- tcoQs+ern r's fu n r+-1'ono./ U r it 1N [Link] •
components
o f Ecosvstem:
Producers: ( ~lltoh1es)
L,
s;r1+hesis 0u'.ln food,.
f
""'il .
t
Sol<lh. f
oov " '" on bl r•losJ"tt,"''
1_fe4 in +o Che1111coJ f h e k f J"
( OhVU
l fn to bon~s 1
s+or
0e
( / l)CllSe
Consumers:
Mo.;-ro consvmeJ<.
l J),•qest therr- food !nsi'de the boc\~)
U
lo \~
121 lo FConSIJrnQt ( d)i~es1 +h err I' ol0
f11troconsvrne,h.
Outst'9 e t-\,e bod V
1h . . t I<'•• .Deco rnr osex.
I() (o ns v rnUI. •. 1) lrec+l,1 Deben~s Oh ?roduce>t
1,,
0 ose ir111'\o.l which ~i11
l .• tl r
Oti1eJt ~rirt11.1ls & e<Atf-hem7 => D~c~tn~ose Oe<A~ Q(jor!'srn •
( (He>i.1:J1vores)
~a
l)
~ ol~o C'o!l:o( ~ r,oc/uce11 but thed (}J,e not .:')$'13111ficont Role lh NvMion ('v cli 'n d
,, ki/led
l olhe,. ~
)olso Colle<! ke1 lndusfrl r,1'n)o\·
I've
Cotnrlet or on,·c
I PS
---
7 ee>< . (o(})
0
Ma~l<A/
~
~o Cons!Jmek:- Dtren~s Oh I C'ottsti~e>t
0
@
l (COJtrdvores)
Ecosystem Structure and Function:
Productivity: Consront inp11r 1 ~olflll Fnexgd i's Re~uirecl fo r
l;'Ra+-e 1 [Link] fYodud-ion '•
_ _
[
~ Uri~t ' '>}n fortti 1 We,~ht : - (jn 1
7
rri- ) r I l M( tP I::.
~C ..-Co f•rm "\ '""'iJ' - (_kCo[ ,,,-~ 1r 1
-lo+~r froc1uch'on ~,Y [Link]
.._......,( 1-ross 1r i rnv,,.~ 1rod._uch'vi1 I Grp )
1
j Some ~r<\ount usec( 6 [Link]
\I/ ( Ke
0
.sr i,Qt,·on loss )
Ner r.-,ff\~~ Y,advc\-1vJ~ (tlPr)
1'I ~ ~PP-R
~ r Hexb1'v
NP p i's avo·d((bk biotfjQss
r ores.
f'
+Q.c+or O~ec.f P,irfJ~;J f,oducflv,?J :-
(i) L"t>t @Tetnr-
§ 1"1r>.tek QY) Col.. Cone
rinLlo..( ~(PP ~lob/Al l,ve/
llo bilir'on tons
',,
115' b"dl,-011 +ons ~IPP
r, IY\
5'5 bi/lion fans NPP
111 Oc<:>~11 .,
I v- u i i sir fr,.!
::) 0(8',ln SIJ,\.f ce : lo/ 1+okl tAAtfi.
low frod4cHori ciL<e +o ·c L~w L1~ht- ()V() ~lo.b~ 1n deer ~Yea
low N2 (ohc
Energy Flow:
la w o f Thermodynamics:
., t,rs+ LQ\Jl :J tne1cgd (ol'lse,[Link];tfon. .
5°/ Loss . . , Seconc!. lo.w _. __,,~.__J)Wtlnu +he frr;[Link]>t.. i tne><dd h ori~
ie ss f}i1,n c;~ / ~[Link]'1,fl'or\ t ~ en~
Or ~11rstf\ to onoff,e1t o an1slT) , Sor<1e O?fY1oun
1hoiosJh+/iehc 9ct/ve f Q~Qtion (P FtR) 0
loss ''
0
} - , ¼<s - 4~/ Los-;
1
( -"i1/,
J~
1+o~<,f Iricrcf/erd Raq,'~Hon) .
" Neetj Cons/Qnl Surp lj
Cou11fVtod- -Ifie V11IVeJ<S<,f
1 1 tneJtta "Tb
fenl(cmc~
Gpp ([Link] ih lhofosJ11-ln~s1s)
I• (:J-10/ 1fl + R ) d1so Yd eJcless. 11
~ 'Resr)Yc,hoh loss ( 0 2-1 i )
1
(~IPP;> 0-&-9 / Tete,_/ Il'lc1·1,·ent ~QdJ',rhon)
(t--1rr~ 1, - 8/ ~ f1t1S)
g to L in d e m a n Rule:
din
Energy transfer accor
J~
tne,tOd 1r()nsF" ,, Io/. [Link] ir()nsfe1<"
rlcmf- ( Produce1t) ~ vor~s - , CWtnivores
H('}tt!x
.-----~ ( loo k J ) - ~ (Io KJ)
( I ooo kJ) -----,
"' '
(qookJ) \~okJ)
Food Web:
orrnectfol\ befwee11 ~ o q C'ho.i'"
• Tnt-v-i.c
nrlv< joc/ IA/eb J t1ore <;fvble. ~(OSJSteM
~1~Yt Cor
)'J w ,h , l. s s [Link], '"'Jsh'"
[ . , , C,mpiex
Standing Crop:
Standing State:
Ecological Pyramids
7 ~ <o.rh1'c1A\ f~~(>Senh>.t1'on i foe\ C\,o.111.
⇒ r, 1 o s e ~ bj cI +on
ids
Im p o rt a n t point o f pyram
fnc/uq11ej in ~[Link] 1'~.
0 Foocf 1"1eb i's hot
Pyramid of Numbers:
-fl- Cot1Sld~<1.~ I'\~·, 010.n1'sm fn food c [Link]·
0 n,ssland EcoS\ s+ th~ •
Pyramid of Biomass:
Pyramid o f Energy:
¼ r~ st f cos 1 d e tn :
logical Succession
Types of Eco
~
.ff Success,'oh .
l1'v1'v,d ~\/1'.ste~ but due. + \l
no S/-c;Jd oJ ~exe.
Sfwd in /Me.a oJ ~ V t. e
Soie. reasori lite ,.,, lo<.;-f.
l 1v1r1~ ooar,1's1ri [ ~ i'S1eq ~vex
f >< '. 1J:i oJie ~oc:~ .
0 Cul { fre~ f i-e,+
• New~ Co bi~d lova @ ~fooqed ireq
• New 'foriJ.
sreec( f s{-
• sreed: slow
s o f Ecological Succession
Type
XetcOJtch S u c £ e s s 1 'o n
Staltt fom Dro ~YU
J, t C
-I
nd1T1'(!1,
r1ave -f o 11ore Wo. V \. o
l1che11
,,-
i Re\er.1se
,1cr<.{
Nutritional Cycling ( B,iid~o chemico..l ~de)
+rc 6. qbi'ot1c fc to i !'o k o s0sh,rn.
fn ~Tuiee11 b1·o
Ecosystem Services:
za:
According to Robert Constan
~~Y1v~ (ob<;I G~IP •- I 8 U<.; 4 fr; Ilion
3'2> US ir~//,"017
'f\U~ (Ct:r'. sfe111 S'~v,'cv,:.
\ ~