MSE 204 Transport Phenomenon in Materials
Tutorial 2: 22nd August 2025
Q1) A Newtonian fluid with viscosity μ=2.5×10-3 Pa.s is sheared between two large
parallel plates separated by a distance of 5 mm The bottom plate is stationary while the
top plate moves steadily in the +x-direction with a velocity of 1.0 m/s.
a. Write the velocity profile in the fluid.
b. Calculate the shear stress in the fluid.
c. Determine the force exerted by the fluid on a 0.5 m2 portion of the top plate.
Q2) A Newtonian fluid of viscosity μ=1.0×10-3Pa.s flows steadily through a cylindrical
pipe of radius 0.02 m and length 1.0 m. The axial velocity profile is given as:
a. Write the expression for the shear stress τrz(r) in the pipe.
b. Calculate the shear stress at the wall.
c. Determine the total axial force exerted by the fluid on the pipe wall over the length
of the pipe.
Q3) A spherically symmetric radial flow is given by
in a Newtonian fluid of viscosity μ=0.90 Pa.s Consider the spherical surface r=a where
a=1.5 mm.
a. Compute the radial gradient dvr/dr at r=a
b. Using the 1‑D radial Newtonian relation σrr=2μdvr/dr, evaluate the viscous
normal stress at r=a(with sign).
c. Hence, determine the resultant viscous normal force on the spherical surface at
r=a (magnitude and whether it acts inward or outward). (Use the surface area
4πa2.)
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Q4) Proof the below expressions using the subscript notations
a.
b.
Q5) For the velocity fields given below, determine:
a) Whether the flow field is one-, two-, or three-dimensional, and explain why.
b) Whether the flow is steady or unsteady, and explain why.
For Cylindrical Coordinate System
i. V=(0, Ωr, 0) with constant Ω
ii. V=(αre−βt, 0, 0) with constants α,β>0
iii. V=(0, 0, Uo(1−(r2/R2)) for 0≤ r≤ R0 with constant U0>0
iv. V=(Arcosθ, Brsinθ, Cz) with constants A,B,C
For Spherical Coordinate System,
v. V=(Ar2, 0, 0)with constant AA.
vi. V=(0, Bsinθ, 0) with constant B.
vii. V=(0, 0, Ω(r)sinθ) with a given radial function Ω(r)
viii. V=(C/r2, −Ccotθ/r2, 0) with constant C.
Q6) A velocity field is described by
vr=Ar, vθ=Br, vz=Cz,
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where A,B,C are constants
Using the cylindrical‐coordinate divergence in the appendix, find the condition on A,B,C
for the flow to be incompressible.
Q7) A velocity field is given by
vr=K/r, vθ=0,vz=αz
where K,α are constants. Determine the relation between K and α for incompressible
flow.
Q8)Consider the velocity field
with constant A≠0
Verify if the field is incompressible or not.
Q9) A velocity field is given by
with constants A≠0 and m∈R. Find the value of m for which the flow is
incompressible.
Q10) A velocity field in Cartesian coordinates is given by:
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Determine whether this is a 1D, 2D, or 3D flow and compute ∇⋅V.
Q11) Consider the velocity field given by:
where A=0.5 m-1s-1 and x,y are measured in meters.
1. Is this a one-, two-, or three-dimensional flow?
2. Give the velocity of a fluid particle at point (x,y)=(2,1).
3. Find the expression for DV
Dt
, where DV
Dt
denotes the material derivative.
Q12) A fluid sample is tested in a rheometer and the following data is obtained:
Shear Rate γ. (s-1) Shear stress τ (Pa)
2 8
5 15
10 22
20 30
50 55
(a) Plot τ vs.γ˙.
(b) Determine whether the fluid is Newtonian, Pseudoplastic (shear-thinning), or
Dilatant (shear-thickening).
(c) Estimate the apparent viscosity at γ˙=50 s-1
Q13) A fluid follows the following model:
τ=Kγ.n
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where n>1
An experiment shows that at a shear rate of γ˙=10 s-1, the shear stress is τ=50 Pa
At γ˙=50 s-1, the shear stress is τ=500 Pa
1. Determine the flow behavior index nnn and consistency index K.
2. Compute the apparent viscosity μapp=τ/γ˙at γ˙=20 s-1.
3. Based on the slope of the log–log plot, confirm what kind of non newtonian fluid
is it ?
Q14) A Bingham plastic fluid follows:
τ = τy+ μpγ˙, τ≥τy
where τyis the yield stress and μp is the plastic viscosity.
An experiment shows:
At γ˙=50 s-1, τ=150 Pa.
At γ˙=100 s-1, τ=250 Pa
Find the yield stress and plastic viscosity.
Appendix
Divergence formula for the cylindrical coordinate system
Divergence for spherical coordinate system
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