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Class 10 Science: Chemical Reactions Notes

The document provides notes on chemical reactions, including their signs, types, and the importance of balancing chemical equations to adhere to the Law of Conservation of Mass. It outlines various types of reactions such as combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions, along with definitions of oxidation and reduction. Additionally, it discusses the effects of oxidation in daily life, specifically corrosion and rancidity, and methods for prevention.

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3 views2 pages

Class 10 Science: Chemical Reactions Notes

The document provides notes on chemical reactions, including their signs, types, and the importance of balancing chemical equations to adhere to the Law of Conservation of Mass. It outlines various types of reactions such as combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions, along with definitions of oxidation and reduction. Additionally, it discusses the effects of oxidation in daily life, specifically corrosion and rancidity, and methods for prevention.

Uploaded by

somit.timos
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Science - Chapter 1 Notes

1. Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction involves a change in the chemical composition of substances.

Signs of a chemical reaction:

- Change in state

- Change in color

- Evolution of gas

- Change in temperature

Example:

Mg + O2 -> MgO (Burning magnesium in air forms magnesium oxide)

2. Chemical Equations

A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using symbols and formulae.

Word Equation:

Hydrogen + Oxygen -> Water

Balanced Chemical Equation:

2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

Why Balance Equations?

To follow the Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass can neither be created nor destroyed.

3. Types of Chemical Reactions

a) Combination Reaction:

CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2

b) Decomposition Reaction:

2H2O -> 2H2 + O2


Class 10 Science - Chapter 1 Notes

c) Displacement Reaction:

Zn + CuSO4 -> ZnSO4 + Cu

d) Double Displacement Reaction:

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 -> BaSO4(ppt) + 2NaCl

e) Redox Reaction: Involves oxidation and reduction happening together.

4. Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation: Gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen

Reduction: Loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen

Example:

CuO + H2 -> Cu + H2O (CuO is reduced, H2 is oxidized)

5. Effects of Oxidation in Daily Life

a) Corrosion:

Rusting of iron:

Fe + O2 + H2O -> Fe2O3.xH2O

(Causes damage to structures)

b) Rancidity:

Oxidation of fats/oils in food.

Prevention: Refrigeration, antioxidants.

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