Grade 9 summary
Chapter Two
Magnetism
Chapter 2 Summary: Magnetism
Definitions:
1- Natural Magnet: is a material which can attract pieces of iron towards it, and it’s
made out of (Fe3O4) and was commonly known as Lode Stone.
2- Artificial magnets: is a small piece of iron which has gained magnetic properties by
one of the magnetization methods
3- Compass: is a small permanent magnet which can rotate freely in a horizontal plane
around the vertical axis.
4- Diamagnetic: They are the materials which weakly repel with the strong mag - nets,
such as Bismuth, Antimony, Copper, Silicon, Silver
5- Paramagnetic: They are the materials which are weakly attracted by strong mag -
nets. Examples are Aluminum, Calcium, Sodium, Titanium
6- Ferromagnetic: They are the materials which attracted by ordinary magnets. They
have high magnification capability. Examples are such as iron, steel, needles
7- Magnetic poles: The Poles of a Magnet are the areas at which the magnetic forces
are strongest. Magnetic poles do not exist individually, but exist as equal pairs in
quantity but different in type (north pole and south pole).
8- Electromagnet: is a type of temporary magnet which can form by magnetizing
materials using induction by a direct electric current flowing through a coil wrapped
around a ferromagnetic material.
Summaries:
What are magnets used for?
1- lift pieces of steel or scrap metal.
2- loudspeakers
3- electric generators
4- electric engines
5- televisions
6- sound recording devices
7- used in the letters of printing machines
8- navigating compasses
What are the main shapes of artificial magnets?
1- Bar magnets 2- U-magnets 3- Ring magnets
How can you classify materials according to their magnetic properties?
1- Diamagnetic: They are the materials which weakly repel with the strong magnets,
such as Bismuth, Antimony, Copper, Silicon, Silver
2- Paramagnetic: They are the materials which are weakly attracted by strong
magnets. Examples are Aluminum, Calcium, Sodium, Titanium
3- Ferromagnetic: They are the materials which attracted by ordinary magnets. They
have high magnification capability. Examples are such as iron, steel, needles
1- Diamagnetic 2- paramagnetic 3- ferromagnetic
What are magnetic poles?
Each magnet contains two magnetic poles. One of them is called “North magnetic
pole”, the other is called the “South magnetic pole”
The Poles of a Magnet are the areas at which the magnetic forces are strongest.
Magnetic poles do not exist individually, but exist as equal pairs in quantity but
different in type (north pole and south pole).
How many magnetic poles does a magnet have?
Every magnet has only two magnetic poles:
1- North pole “the pole searching for the north”
2- South pole “the pole searching for the south”
What happens if you divide a magnet into two parts?
no matter how many times you divide the magnet, you will find each piece will have
two magnetic poles which are the north and south poles.
The force between the magnetic poles:
Similar magnetic poles repel and different magnetic poles attract.
(N & N), (S & S) repel.
(N & S), (S & N) attract.
As shown in the pictures below:
What are the magnetic fields?
The magnetic field in any region is the space which surrounds the magnet in which
the effect of the magnet would be observed and it is represented by invisible lines
heading from north pole of the magnet to the south pole of the magnet.
Magnetic field representation:
The magnetic field is represented by drawing lines. These are closed lines (invisible)
heading from the north pole to the south one and completing its circle inside the bar.
These lines can be drawn around a magnet by using a magnetic compass or
discovered by using some iron filings.
Does the magnetic field penetrate through the human body, or through some other
materials?
Yes, the magnetic field can penetrate through the human body and it can also
penetrate through other materials like glass, water and wood.
How can you magnetize materials?
We can get temporary or permanent magnets in two ways:
1- Rubbing method: a needle, can be become a needle
magnetic by rubbing it by one of the magnetic poles. The
magnet must be moved over, the steel needle in only one
direction and in a slow motion repeatedly.
The generated magnetic pole at the end of the rubbed part of the needle will
always have the opposite pole to the magnet pole used in rubbing
2- Induction method:
a- Magnetized by approach: When a material of Ferromagnetic is placed near a
material which is not magnetized (such as a nail) inside a powerful magnetic
field or (near to a powerful magnet without contact between them), the nail
will gain magnetism by induction.
The nail will have two magnetic poles, one of them north and the second
south. The end of the nail which is close to the magnet will gain magnet
opposite to the magnet bar.
b- Magnetizing by direct electric current: for magnetizing Ferromagnetic material
such as steel you can place it inside a hollow coil (A coil is made of an insulated
wire rolling in a spiral form).
The ends of the wire are connected to a battery with a proper voltage.
We then get a magnet which is called Electromagnet
What does the power of the electromagnet depend on?
1- The amount of direct electric current in the electric circuit.
2- The number of rolled wires in the coil around the piece of steel.
3- The quality of the material required to magnetism
How can a magnet lose their magnetism?
a. Hammering strongly b. Powerful heat
Activities:
Activity 1: Attracting and repelling forces between the magnetic poles:
Tools:
1- Two magnetic bars, 2- string, 3- clips, 4- holder (which is not affected by
magnets)
Steps:
1 -Hang the magnetic bar from its middle point (center of mass) by a
string and clip it to the holder freely in a horizontal position.
You will observe that the magnetic bar is taking the direction of
(North-South) geographically.
A -Hold another magnetic bar by hand letting its north pole (N) visible.
Get the north pole of the magnet bar which is in your hand close to
the north pole of the hanging bar.
Conclusion: You see that the north pole of the free magnet moves
away from the north pole of the one in your hand, which means they
repel.
B- Now let the south poles close to the bar in your hand this time.
Then get it close to the south pole of the free magnetic hanging bar.
Conclusion: You will find that the south pole of the free magnetic
bar moves away from the bar which is in your hand, which means
they repel.
C- Repeat the previous procedure by getting the north pole of the
bar in your hand approaching the south pole of the hanging bar.
Conclusion: In this case you will see that the two poles attract to
each other. This is the result of the attraction force.
Conclusion: Similar magnetic poles repel each other, while the
different ones attract to each other.
Activity 2: Determining the magnetic field lines using iron filing:
Tools:
1- Magnetic bar, 2- a glass board, 3- iron filings.
Steps:
a- Put the glass board on the magnetic bar at a horizontal level.
b- Sprinkle the iron filing over the glass board and gently tip on the
board.
Conclusion: We see that the iron filings have taken the shape of lines which
represent the magnetic field lines around the magnetic bar.
Activity 3: Magnetic field can pass through the human body.
Tools:
1- Collection of paper clips made of steel (Ferromagnetic material).
2- Powerful magnet.
Steps:
1- Put the magnetic bar on your hand
2- Put your palm on a collection of paper clips
3- Raise your hand above.
What do you observe? A large number of paper clips will be attracted towards your
palm
Conclusion: The magnetic field can penetrate through the human body.
Activity 4: Magnetic field penetrates through different materials
Tools:
1- Magnetic bar, 2- piece of carton or piece of wood or glass, 3- set of nails, 4- a glass
cylinder, 5- water
Steps Part (a)
• Hold the magnetic bar vertically by hand.
• Put some nails on the piece of carton.
• Hold the piece of carton by the other hand and put it on the upper pole of the magnet.
• Move the magnet bar underneath the carton in a circular or linear path.
What do you observe? You will see the nails move accordingly.
Part (b).
• Put some nails inside a glass cylinder. Then pour some water inside the cylinder.
• Get one of the poles of the magnetic bar close to the wall of the cylinder. You will find
that the nails are attracted to the nearest pole of the magnetic bar.
• Move the magnetic the pole of the bar around the cylinder. You will find the nails are
moving following the path in which the magnetic pole moves.
Conclusion: the magnetic field can penetrate through different materials such as carton,
glass and water.
Chapter 2 questions answer key
Q1: Choose the right statement for the following:
1-magnetic compass is used to draw the lines of a magnetic field around a certain magnet because the
needle of the compass is:
a. A small permanent magnet which can rotate freely in a horizontal level around a vertical pointed axis.
b. An electromagnet loses its magnetism after a certain period of time once the electric source is cut off.
c. Made of copper.
d. A small permanent magnet with a "U" shape.
2- Permanent magnets are made of the following material:
a. Copper
b. Aluminum
c. soft iron
d. Steel
3- A small magnetic compass placed between two poles of a permanent magnet in the shape of a "U" as
illustrated in the diagram. Which of the following directions will it take: The correct direction which the
needle can take inside the magnetic field?
a. b. c. d.
4-Different materials are classified according to their magnetic properties:
a. Diamagnetic.
b. Paramagnetic.
c. Ferromagnetic.
d. Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic.
5- Magnetic field is represented by lines that characterized by being:
a. Unclosed
b. moving from the North Pole to the South Pole outside
c. Cross between them
d. Visible
6- When a magnet bar is divided into small pieces:
a. We get small non-magnetized pieces
b. Each piece will have only one magnetic pole either north or south.
c. Each piece will have four magnetic poles, two north poles and two south poles.
d. Each piece will have two magnetic poles, one north and one south.
Q2: Explain why the magnets are used on the wardrobe and fridge doors.
Answer / magnets are used to lock the fridge door tightly because the fridge’s door is made out of Iron.
Q3: If you were given three identical bars which were aluminum, iron and a permanent magnet explain,
how you can distinguish one from the others.
Answer / we put any two bars next to each other, if they are attracted to each other that means one of
them is the magnet and the other is iron.
And the bar which is not attracted to the magnet is the aluminum bar.
To determine which bar is the iron and which one is the magnet we put on bar on the middle of the other
bar just like the letter “T” if the bars don’t attract that means the lower bar is iron and the top is magnet,
because magnets can only attract from their poles and cant attract from the middle
Q4: Draw a diagram explaining the lines of magnetic field for the following diagrams:
Answer /
Q5: Explain an activity which enables you to see the lines of magnetic fields by using iron filing of a
straight magnetic bar
Answer / 1 - We put a plate of glass on the magnetic rod and in a horizontal plane.
2 - Spread iron filings on the glass plate and tap the plate gently.
3- We note that the iron filings have been arranged in the form of lines, and these lines represent
field lines Magnetic around the magnetic bar.
Wezary questions Chapter 2
1. Draw magnetic field lines around the Earth. (2014 ME FT)
2. What is magnet. (2014 ME FT)
3. Explain electrical method of making magnet. (2014 ME ST)
4. Explain electrical method of making magnet. (2018 ME FT)
5. What are the methods to make a magnet? Explain one of them. (2015 ME ST) (2018
ME ST)
6. Explain magnetic field can pass through the human body. (2017 ME FT)
7. Explain determining the magnetic field lines using iron filling by activity. (2018 ME
ST)
8. What is electromagnet? (2017 ME FT)
9. What is the induction method to make magnet? (2017 ME ST)
10. What are the types of magnetic materials? Define one of them. (2017 ME ST)
[Link] field is represented by lines that characterized by being:
(a- Unclosed b- Moving from the north pole to the south pole outside the magnet c- Cross
between them d- Visible) (2022 ME) (2024 ME)
[Link] are the difference between Diamagnetism and Para magnetism materials? (2022
ME)
[Link] magnets are made of the following material:-
(a. Copper b. Aluminum c. Soft iron d. Steel) (2023 ME)
[Link] materials which weakly re'el Witth the strong magnets called: (2024 ME)
(ferromagnetic , diamagnetsm , paramagnetism )