Scribd
Upload
14 views3 pages

Politics of Planned Development in India

The document discusses the politics of planned development in India post-Independence, highlighting the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 and its role in formulating Five-Year Plans aimed at economic growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. It outlines the mixed economy model adopted by India, the major debates surrounding agriculture versus industry, and the transition from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog in 2015. Despite achievements in industrialization and agricultural production, challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies and regional inequalities remain significant.

Uploaded by

bavithra7.pais
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views3 pages

Politics of Planned Development in India

The document discusses the politics of planned development in India post-Independence, highlighting the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 and its role in formulating Five-Year Plans aimed at economic growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. It outlines the mixed economy model adopted by India, the major debates surrounding agriculture versus industry, and the transition from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog in 2015. Despite achievements in industrialization and agricultural production, challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies and regional inequalities remain significant.

Uploaded by

bavithra7.pais
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

POLITICAL SCIENCE

PART:B:CHAPTER 3 : POLITICS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT

[Link]
 After Independence (1947), India faced poverty, illiteracy, and economic
backwardness.
 Leaders believed economic planning was essential for national progress.
 Adopted planned development through Five-Year Plans under the Planning
Commission (1950).

2. Planning Commission
 Established in 1950 by a Government resolution.
 Chairperson: Prime Minister (first was Jawaharlal Nehru).
 Functions:
o Assess resources
o Prepare Five-Year Plans
o Recommend development policies

3. Objectives of Planning
1. Economic Growth – Raise production and income.
2. Modernization – Use science and technology.
3. Self-Reliance – Reduce foreign dependence.

4. Equity – Reduce inequalities and poverty.

4. Mixed Economy
 India adopted a mixed economy – both public and private sectors coexisted.
 Public sector: Key industries (steel, power, banking).
 Private sector: Agriculture, small industries, trade.

5. Five-Year Plans
 First Plan (1951–56): Focus on agriculture, irrigation, energy.
 Second Plan (1956–61): P.C. Mahalanobis model – focus on heavy industries and
public sector.
 Third Plan (1961–66): Self-reliance, interrupted by wars and drought.

6. Green Revolution (Mid-1960s)


 Introduced new seeds, fertilizers, irrigation.
 Boosted food production in Punjab, Haryana, and UP.
 Led to food self-sufficiency but also regional inequality.

7. Major Debates
 Agriculture vs. Industry – Priority debate; Second Plan favored industry.
 Public vs. Private Sector – Balance between state control and private freedom.
 Centralized Planning vs. Local Needs – Plans made in Delhi ignored local priorities.

8. Achievements
✅ Built industrial base
✅ Increased agricultural production
✅ Improved infrastructure
✅ Reduced dependence on imports
9. Problems
~Bureaucratic delays
~Corruption and inefficiency
~Regional inequalities
~Benefits not equally shared

10. From Planning Commission to NITI Aayog


 1991 economic reforms reduced state control.
 2015: Planning Commission replaced by NITI Aayog.
 Focus shifted to cooperative federalism and state participation.

11. Important Personalities


 Jawaharlal Nehru – Pioneer of planned development.
 P.C. Mahalanobis – Architect of Second Five-Year Plan.
 Indira Gandhi – Nationalized banks, emphasized state control.
12. Conclusion
Planned development laid the foundation for India’s modern economy, combining
democracy with development.
Despite challenges, it played a crucial role in nation-building and economic progress.

Year Question

2024 Explain any two objectives of India’s Five-Year Plans. (2 marks)

2023 What is meant by mixed economy? (2 marks)

What were the major differences between the First and Second Five-Year Plans? (4
2022
marks)

2020 Discuss the major achievements and failures of planning. (6 marks)

2019 What is the Green Revolution? Mention its two impacts. (4 marks)

2018 Why was the Planning Commission replaced by NITI Aayog? (4 marks)

2017 What is the meaning of planned development? (2 marks)

2016 Describe the features of the Second Five-Year Plan. (6 marks)

2015 Explain the idea of mixed economy adopted in India. (4 marks)

You might also like