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What Is a Computer Network?
Iqra Universitry- H9
OPEN
IUIC H9 Islamabad: Fall 2025
A computer network is a system in which two or more computing devices are
connected to transmit and share information.
What Is a Computer Network?
Computer Network is an interconnection of numerous computers to share an operating
system, hardware, and information through a transmission mode between them. There is
no restriction to the area between two computers in a network.
A computer network involves the following elements
Nodes (Workstations)
The multiple terminals connected to the network sharing the network resources are
known as nodes.
1. Server
We assign a specific node as a main or central node at a well-known and permanent
address to support the network. The node offering the service is called the server.
2. Network Interface Unit
The interpreter, which connects the server and multiple nodes, is known as the Network
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Interface Unit. The network interface
- unit is linked to the server and all workstations to
keep up the connection.
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Elements of a Computer Network
The computer network involves the following networking elements
1. Sender
The computer wants to give a message to some mainframe or computers.
2. Receiver
The computer takes the data from the sender who wishes to communicate.
3. Communication Medium
It is the medium over which the sender connects to the receiver. It can be used if the
distance between sender and receiver is less, or it can be wireless if the distance
between sender and receiver is much more.
4. Protocols
It is a set of rules which the sender and receiver will follow.
Types of Computer Networks
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The following are the types of computer networks:
-
Personal Area Network (PAN): A small network used for communication
between personal devices like phones, laptops, and tablets.
Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects computers within a small
area, such as a home, office, or building.
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Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): A LAN that uses wireless technology,
like Wi-Fi, to connect devices.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that spans a city or a large
campus, connecting multiple LANs.
Chapters Categories
Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that covers a large geographical area,
often connecting multiple MANs or LANs.
Campus Area Network (CAN): A network that connects multiple LANs within a
limited area, such as a university or corporate campus.
Storage Area Network (SAN): A high-speed network that provides access to
consolidated storage devices.
System Area Network: A network used to connect high-performance computers
in a data center or cluster.
Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN): A point-to-multipoint LAN
architecture using fiber optics to reduce costs and infrastructure.
Enterprise Private Network (EPN): A private network used by businesses to
securely connect their multiple locations.
Virtual Private Network (VPN): A secure network that uses the internet to
connect remote users to a private network.
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