Chapter 2
Types of Machine
Drawing
2.1 Classification of Drawings
I. Machine Drawing
It is a drawing of machine
parts or components through a
number of orthographic views,
so that the size and shape of
the component is fully
understood.
Part drawings and assembly
drawings belong to this
classification.
The figure shows an example
of a machine drawing. Figure: Example of a Machine Drawing
II. Production Drawing
A production drawing, also referred to as working drawing, should
furnish all the dimensions, limits and special finishing processes such as
heat treatment, honing, lapping, surface finish, etc., to guide the
craftsman on the shop floor in producing the component.
The title should also mention the material used for the product, number
of parts required for the assembled unit, etc.
Since a craftsman will ordinarily make one component at a time, it is
advisable to prepare the production drawing of each component on a
separate sheet. However, in some cases the drawings of related
components may be given on the same sheet.
Figure: Example of a Production Drawing
III. Part Drawing
Component or part drawing is a detailed drawing of a component to
facilitate its manufacture.
All the principles of orthographic projection and the technique of
graphic representation must be followed to communicate the details in
a part drawing.
A part drawing with production details is rightly called as a production
drawing or working drawing.
IV. Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows the
various parts of a machine
in their correct working
locations is called an
assembly drawing (see
figure).
There are several types
of assembly drawings
(explained below).
Figure: Assembly Drawing
4.1 Design Assembly Drawing
When a machine is designed, an assembly drawing or a
design layout is first drawn to clearly visualize the
performance, shape and clearances of various parts
comprising the machine.
4.2 Detail Assembly Drawing
It is usually made for simple machines, comprising of a
relatively smaller number of simple parts.
All the dimensions and information necessary for the
construction of such parts and for the assembly of the parts
are given directly on the assembly drawing.
Separate views of specific parts in enlargements, showing
the fitting of parts together, may also be drawn in addition to
the regular assembly drawing.
4.3 Sub Assembly Drawing
Many assemblies such as an automobile, lathe,
etc., are assembled with many pre-assembled
components as well as individual parts. These pre-
assembled units are known as sub-assemblies.
A sub-assembly drawing is an assembly drawing of a
group of related parts, that form a part in a more
complicated machine.
Examples of such drawings are: lathe tail-stock,
diesel engine fuel pump, carburetor, etc.
4.4 Installation Assembly Drawing
On this drawing, the location and dimensions of few
important parts and overall dimensions of the
assembled unit are indicated.
This drawing provides useful information for
assembling the machine, as this drawing reveals all
parts of a machine in their correct working position.
4.5 Assembly Drawings for Catalogues
Special assembly drawings are prepared for company catalogues.
These drawings show only the pertinent details and dimensions that
would interest the potential buyer. The figure below shows a typical
catalogue drawing, showing the overall and principal dimensions.
Figure: Catalogue drawing
4.6 Assembly Drawing for Instructional Manuals
These drawings in the form of
assembly drawings, are to be
used when a machine, shipped
away in assembled condition, is
knocked down in order to check
all the parts before reassembly
and installation elsewhere.
These drawings have each
component numbered on the
job.
The figure shows a typical
example of such a drawing.
Figure: Assembly drawing for instruction manuals
4.7 Exploded Assembly Drawing
In some cases, exploded
pictorial views are supplied to
meet instruction manual
requirements.
These drawings generally find a
place in the parts list section of a
company instruction manual.
The figure shows drawings of
this type which may be easily
understood even by those with
less experience in the reading of
drawings; because in these
exploded views, the parts are
positioned in the sequence of
assembly, but separated from
each other.
Figure: Exploded Assembly Drawing
4.8 Schematic Assembly Drawing
It is very difficult to
understand the operating
principles of complicated
machinery, merely from the
assembly drawings.
Schematic representation of
the unit facilitates easy
understanding of its
operating principle.
It is a simplified illustration
of the machine or of a
system, replacing all the
elements, by their respective
conventional
representations.
The figure shows the Figure: Schematic Assembly Drawing
schematic representation of
a gearing diagram.
2.1 Classification of Drawings (contd.)
V. Machine Shop Drawing
Rough castings and forgings
are sent to the machine shop
for finishing operation.
Since the machinist is not
interested in the dimensions
and information of the previous
stages, a machine shop
drawing (see figure) frequently
gives only the information
necessary for machining.
Based on the same principle,
one may have forge shop
drawing, pattern shop drawing,
sheet metal, drawing, etc.
Figure: Machine shop drawing
2.1 Classification of Drawings (contd.)
VI. Patent Drawing
When new machines or devices are invented, patent drawings
come into existence, to illustrate and explain the invention.
These are pictorial drawings and must be self-explanatory.
It is essential that the patent drawings are mechanically correct and
include complete illustrations of every detail of the invention.
However, they are not useful for production purposes.
The salient features on the drawing are numbered for identification
and complete description.