CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Theoretical Framework

2.1.1 Youtube Videos as a Media Teaching Learning English

a. Definition of Youtube videos

In this era, many people download videos from youtube videos.

Almost all of the video that people need are available on youtube videos.

That's why youtube videos be spotlight at this time. Youtube videos is a

social media that provides the various interesting videos for people.

According to Bonk (2009) in Abbas and Qassim (2020), youtube videos

is a medium attractive that adds to schools in general. Snelson (2011) in

Syam et al. (2023) say that youtube videos is a medium that used online

video sharing service.

Youtube is a social media platform that allows users to upload,

watch, and share videos online. According to Snelson (2011) in Pratiwi

and Hapsari (2020), Youtube is one of the most popular video-sharing

services on the internet today. Additionally, youtube also serves as an

effective learning medium. Mujianto (2020) states that through youtube,

students can grasp material presented in videos more quickly than by

reading textbooks. Thus, Youtube is not only a source of entertainment

but also an educational tool that facilitates the delivery of information

visually and interactively.

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b. Key Principles of Youtube Videos in Teaching Learning Process

The integration of YouTube videos in the teaching and learning

process has been widely recognized for its ability to enhance student

engagement and educational outcomes. Xue (2020) explained that there

are principle of using youtube videos teaching learning English as:

youtube videos can increase students' interest and motivation in learning,

youtube videos serve as a reflection tool for teachers and youtube videos

help overcome time and distance limitations in education. Also

Sholikhah et al. (2022) mentioned that four principles of using youtube

videos in teaching learning English, namely enhance language skills,

boost student interest and motivation, valuable reflection tool and helps

overcome time and distance constraints. By following these principles,

teachers can maximize the benefits of YouTube videos in their

instructional practices, making the learning process more engaging,

flexible, and effective.

Base on the two theories above, it can be defined that there were

four principles of using youtube videos in teaching learning English, as

follows:

1) Increase students' interest and motivation in learning

2) Serve as a reflection tool for teachers

3) Help overcome time and distance limitations

4) Enhance language skills

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Teachers can create a more dynamic and student centered learning

environment, leveraging digital media to support diverse learning needs

and enhance overall educational experiences.

c. The Use of Youtube videos in Teaching Learning Process

According Berk (2009) in Abbas and Qassim (2020) eight steps of

using Youtube videos in teaching learning as follows.

1) The teacher prepares the specific guidelines for students or discussion

questions so that there is direction on what to see, hear, and search.

The teacher makes it clear to the students.

2) The teacher chooses a particular video to provide the content or

illustrate a concept.

3) The teacher plays the video.

4) The teacher introduces the video briefly.

5) The teacher stops the video at any scene to highlight a point or replay

video for a specific in-class exercise.

6) The teacher sets the time for reflection related to the content of the

video.

7) The teacher Assigns an active learning activity to interact such as

specific questions, issues, or concepts in the video.

8) The teacher divides students into a small or large group to discuss the

questions.

9) The students motivated to learn using YouTube.

After that youtube videos can be effectively integrated into the

teaching and learning process by following several key steps. According

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to Snelson (2011) in Begey, dkk. (2020), the implementation of YouTube

in education involves the following stages:

1) Identify Learning Objectives

2) Select and Evaluate Appropriate Videos

3) Plan the Integration of Videos into Lessons

4) Implement Effective Video-Based Teaching Strategies

5) Utilize Interactive YouTube Features

6) Assess and Reflect on Student Learning Outcomes

7) The students understand the material displayed on youtube.

From the theories above, the researcher can state that there are

eight steps or processes of using youtube videos, as follows:

1) The teacher chooses a particular video to provide the content or

illustrate a concept.

2) The teacher prepares the specific guidelines for students or discussion

questions.

3) The teacher introduces the video briefly.

4) The teacher plays the video.

5) The teacher stops the video at any scene to highlight a point or replay

the video for a specific in-class exercise.

6) The teacher sets the time for reflection related to the content of the

video.

7) The teacher gives time for the students to post questions.

8) The teacher divides students into groups to discuss the questions.

9) The students understand the material displayed on youtube.

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10) The students motivated to learn using YouTube.

d. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Youtube videos

According to Julianto and Qamariah (2023), there are several

advantages of using Youtube videos as a medium in teaching learning

English, they are:

1) Easy access to a variety of resources

2) Interactive learning

3) Practice for speaking and listening

4) Use of images and sounds

5) Independent and flexible learning

In addition, Erickson and Curl (1992) in Bella and Huda (2021) say

that there are some advantages of Youtube videos media, namely:

1) Increasing knowledge of the students’ experience.

2) Provide helpful information for the students.

3) Stimulates students’ interest.

4) Guide students' responses in the learning process.

5) As a solution to overcome the limitation of distance and time.

6) as a problem-solving.

7) To evaluate the learning process.

Based on the theories above, it concluded that Youtube videos as

an effective tool for teaching learning English. Youtube videos can be

accessed easily, for interactive learning, and provide the interesting video
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that attracts students' interest so that students understand the material

easily, it can be used wherever and whenever provide the good

information for the students, and as a problem-solving.

Besides, Bella and Huda (2022) argue that there are some

disadvantages of Youtube videos media, namely:

5) The user should carefully select and sort the information available on

Youtube videos because the video on Youtube videos is various,

there are the positive and negative content.

6) There are many ads on Youtube videos.

7) There is no automatic translation system.

8) As an online media, Youtube videos spends on internet quota.

9) Sometimes, the speaker's speech does not match the available

subtitle.

Youtube videos is an effective tool for learning English as it is

easily accessible, interactive, and provides engaging videos that help

students understand the material more easily. Additionally, Youtube

videos allows for flexible learning, offers useful information, and helps

overcome distance and time limitations in the learning process.

However, there are some drawbacks to using Youtube videos, such

as the need to carefully select content, the presence of ads, limitations in

the automatic translation system, internet data consumption, and

occasional mismatches between the speaker's speech and the available

subtitles.
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2.1.2 Speaking

a. Teaching Learning Speaking

According to Wijayanti (2018) in Gulo et al. (2023) state that

speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning by using verbal

and nonverbal through various contexts. Bella and Huda (2022) say that

speaking is the ability to express something that comes to mind by using

spoken language. In line with the theories above, Syam et al. (2023)

define that speaking is a process of using the vocal tract and brain to

produce words correctly through sound or it can be called as productive

skill. It is concluded that speaking is the ability to express or share

information, thoughts, and ideas with others by using the vocal tract and

brain through sound or voice.

In conducting the teaching-learning process, one of the crucial

aspects is the using of media. According to Ristyani et al (2019) in Gulo

et al. (2023), media is a tool used by teachers in learning and makes the

teaching and learning process effective." Furthermore, Hikmah (2019)

indicates that learning media are tools or tools used to help convey

information in teaching and learning activities. Related to the theories

above, Youtube videos as a media that can be used in teaching learning

and speaking.
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Gulo et al. (2023) state that Videos on Youtube videos are one of

the mediums that can be used in teaching learning process, especially in

speaking. It makes a good contribution to providing students with skills

in speaking. In line with these theories, Lin (2019) in Jati et al. (2019)

argue that the using of video on Youtube videos cannot only help

teachers cope with varied learning styles more effectively but also help

learners acquire a second language, and further enhance motivation and

confidence. It can be said that Youtube videos as a media which helps the

teacher in conducting the teaching-learning process. It is not only to help

the teacher in explaining the material but also to help the students

understand the material easily.

In addition, teaching module and learning objective flow of

independent curriculum at the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 1

Tugalaoyo, one of the skills that should be learned by the students is

speaking where the students are expected to build communication to their

teachers, friends, and others by using English. One of the media that can

be used by the teacher in teaching learning process is the video on

Youtube videos. Based on the Minister’s Decree of Education, Culture,

Research, and Technology No. 56 of 2022, teachers can use various

teaching tools from various sources include learning videos on Youtube

videos to achieve the student profile and learning outcomes. Thus, the

using of Youtube videos in teaching learning speaking is the good media

that can be used by the teacher in achieving the learning’s objectives.

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b. Language Components in Speaking Skill

Wahyuni and Lestari (2021) state that there are some language

components in speaking as follows.

1) Pronunciation

There are nine areas that should be checked in pronunciation, namely:

consonant, vowel, syllable or grammatical ending, word stress,

rhythm in sentence, focus and special emphasis, intonation/pitch,

thought group and linking, and delivery or rate of speech loudness.

2) Grammar

Grammar is related to the use of tenses, auxiliary, complex sentence

construction, preposition, noun, and other.

3) Vocabulary

Vocabulary is one of the important aspects in speaking, it is related to

word formation, word choice, noun phrase, adjective and verb phrase.

Whereas Canale & Swain (1980) in Neumann, F., & Kanwit, M.

(2020) Developing a theory of language components consisting of:

1) Grammatical Competence

2) Discourse Competence

3) Sociolinguistic Competence

4) Strategic Competence
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Based on the perspectives above grammatical competence relates to

language rules, while discourse competence involves the ability to

construct coherent speech. Sociolinguistic competence emphasizes the

appropriate use of language in social contexts, and strategic competence

helps speakers overcome communication barriers.

Thus, speaking skills require not only mastery of linguistic aspects

such as pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary but also the ability to

communicate effectively in various social situations.

c. The Types of Speaking

Speaking is one of the most essential skills in communication. It

allows people to express their thoughts, share information, and connect

with others effectively. However, speaking is not just about producing

words, it involves different types and purposes depending on the context.

Causarina and Ahmadi (2024) said that there are three types of

speaking, they are:

1) Persuasive: it is related to persuasion that convinces others of our

intentions where our speech should be justifiable, logical, and

reasonable arguments to persuade the audience.

2) Instructive: telling something to audience where this type requires a

response from the audience.

3) Recreative: in this type the audience's reaction is described as a social

skill as interest and excitement.

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Furthermore Sari Ayu, E., & Dwi Prastyo, Y. (2023) stated he is

classified speaking into five main types based on the purpose of

communication:

1) Imitative Speaking – Repeating or imitating speech without

understanding its meaning.

2) Intensive Speaking – Speaking with a focus on pronunciation

accuracy, grammar, or specific sentence patterns.

3) Responsive Speaking – Speaking in the form of short responses to a

question or statement.

4) Transactional Speaking – Speaking to exchange information clearly

and effectively.

5) Interpersonal Speaking – Speaking to build social relationships while

considering emotional and cultural aspects.

speaking is a complex skill that serves various functions depending

on its context and purpose. Whether it is used for persuasion, instruction,

interaction, or social engagement, effective speaking requires a

combination of linguistic knowledge, clarity, and adaptability.

2.2 Conceptual Framework

In teaching learning process, the teacher needs to do various ways to convey

the learning material for the students so that it can be understood by the students

earlier. One of teacher's ways is by using social media. Many teachers use audio

visual content or video to attract the students' interest so that they understand the

material well. The teacher downloads the video on Youtube. Youtube videos is
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one of the social media that many people use it nowadays include teacher and

students. The use of Youtube videos as a teaching learning media gives the

influence for the students' skill especially in speaking skill.

In reality, the researcher has conducted the observation to obtain the

preliminary data. The researcher found that the teacher used Youtube videos as a

media in teaching. Although, the researcher found that the students have difficulty

in speaking.

Therefore, the researcher wants to conduct the research in getting the more

detailed data about the using of social media especially Youtube videos on

Students' English skill especially speaking skill. In conducting the research, the

researcher will use qualitative data as a research method where to collect the data

the researcher will do the observation, questionnaire and interview. After that, the

researcher will analyze the result of observation, questionnaire and interview,

describe it, and conclude the research result. The researcher will conduct the

research to analyze the influence of Youtube videos in teaching learning English

at the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 1 Tugalaoyo. The researcher provides

conceptual framework on next page.

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The Researcher

Listening Skill Reading Skill Speaking Skill Writing Skill

SMK Negeri 1 Tugalaoyo in

Hope Reality
Using Youtube Video

Qualitative Research

Observation Interview Questionneire

Data Analysis

Result
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An Analysis of using Youtube videos in

Teaching Speaking at the Eleventh Grade of
SMK Negeri 1 Tugalaoyo in 2023/2024