Exercise 2 Solve the following quadratic equations by using completing the square method.

Give the
answers correct to three decimal places.
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik berikut dengan menggunakan kaedah penyempurnaan kuasa dua. Beri
jawapan betul kepada tiga tempat perpuluhan.

Example 2 1 3x2 − 5x − 7 = 0 2 3x2 − x − 5 = 0

3x2 − 2x − 4 = 0
Solution
3x2 − 2x − 4 = 0 (÷3)
2 4
x − x− =0
2
3 3
2 4
x − x=
2
3 3
2 2 2 4 2 2
x − x + –  = + – 
2
3 6 3 6
2 2 4 1
x − 6  = 3 + 9
1 2 13
x − 3  = 9
1
x− =±
 13
3 3
1  13 1  13
x= − or x = +
3 3 3 3
x = –0.8685 or x = 1.535

Smart Tip
If a ≠ 1, the coefficient of x2
must be changed to 1.
Jika a ≠ 1, pekali bagi x2 mestilah
ditukarkan kepada 1.
÷3
3x2 x2

Exercise 3 Solve the following quadratic equations by using formula. Give the answers correct to three
decimal places.
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik berikut dengan menggunakan rumus. Beri jawapan betul kepada tiga tempat
perpuluhan.

Example 3 1 x2 − 3x = 5 2 3x2 − 5x − 7 = 0

3x2 − 4x − 6 = 0

Solution
 
3x2 − 4x − 6 = 0
a = 3, b = –4, c = –6
−(–4) ±  (–4)2 − 4(3)(–6)
x=
2(3)
4 ± 16 + 72
=
6
4 ± 88
=
6
4 − 88 4 + 88 3 x2 + 4x = 6 4 2x2 − 3x = 8
x= or/atau x =
6 6
x = –0.8968 or/atau 2.230

Smart Tip
If/Jika ax2 + bx + c = 0
–b ± b2 – 4ac
then/maka x =
2a

18

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C2 [Link] 18 19/10/2020 2:36:36 PM

 Exercise 4 Find the quadratic equation from the given roots.
Cari persamaan kuadratik daripada punca-punca yang diberi.

Example 4 Smart Tip

1 A quadratic equation with roots given can be expressed as
Roots/Punca: 3, –
2 Suatu persamaan kuadratik dengan punca−punca yang diberi boleh diungkap sebagai

Solution x2 − (S.O.R)x + (P.O.R) = 0

1 5 where/dengan keadaan
Sum of roots = 3 + –
2 2
=
S.O.R = sum of roots P.O.R = product of roots
Hasil tambah punca hasil tambah punca hasil darab punca
1 3
Product of roots = (3)–  = –
Hasil darab punca
2 2
1 Roots: 3, 2 2 Roots: 5, –3
The quadratic equation: Punca Punca
Persamaan kuadratik:
5 3
x2 −  x + –  = 0
2 2
2x2 − 5x − 3 = 0

Alternative Method

x = 3, x = – 1
2
x − 3 = 0, 2x = –1
x − 3 = 0, 2x + 1 = 0
(x – 3)(2x + 1) = 0
2x2 + x – 6x – 3 = 0
2x2 − 5x – 3 = 0

3 Root: 5 only/sahaja 4 Roots: 3, – 2 5 Roots: 3 , – 1

Punca 7 Punca 3 2 3
Punca

20

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C2 [Link] 20 19/10/2020 2:36:37 PM

 Exercise 6 Solve.
Selesaikan.

Example 6
(a) a and β are the roots of the quadratic equation 3
(b) Given that and β are the roots of
2x2 + 4x − 9 = 0. Form a new quadratic equation 4
with roots a + 2 and β + 2. 20x2 − 7x − 6 = 0, find the value of β.
 dan  ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik 2x2 + 4x 3
− 9 = 0. Bentukkan satu persamaan kuadratik yang baharu Diberi bahawa
4 dan β ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan
dengan punca  + 2 dan  + 2. kuadratik 20x − 7x − 6 = 0, cari nilai β.
2

Solution Solution
2x2 + 4x − 9 = 0 20x2 − 7x − 6 = 0
PAK-21 a = 2, b = 4, c = –9 a = 20, b = –7, c = –6
Roots: a, β
website

3
Punca: a, β Roots: , β Sum of roots
4
b 4 3 b Hasil tambah punca-punca
a + β = – = – = –2 +β=–
a 2 4 a b
α+β=–
c 9 (–7) 3 a
aβ = = – β=– −
a 2 20 4
New roots: a + 2, β + 2 7 − 15
PAK-21 =
Punca baharu: a + 2, β + 2 20
–8
ACTIVITY

=
Sum of new roots 20
Hasil tambah punca-punca baharu 2
=–
a + 2 + β + 2 = (a + β) + 2 + 2 5
= (–2) + 4
=2
Alternative Method
Product of new roots 3 c Product of roots
Hasil darab punca-punca baharu 4 (β) = a Hasil darab punca-punca
(a + 2)(b + 2) –6 4 c
= aβ + 2a + 2β + 4 β = 20 3 3 αβ =
a
= aβ + 2(a + β) + 4 2
β=–
9 5
1 2
= – + 2(–2) + 4
2 Or/Atau
9
=–
2 20x2 – 7x − 6 = 0
(4x − 3)(5x + 2) = 0
New quadratic equation 4x − 3 = 0 or/atau 5x + 2 = 0
Persamaan kuadratik yang baharu 4x = 3 5x = −2
x2 − (S.O.R)x + (P.O.R) = 0 3 2
9 x = 4 x =–
5
 2
x2 − (2)x + – = 0
2 3
Roots/Punca: 4 , β
9
x2 − 2x − = 0 2
2 ∴β=–
5
2x2 − 4x − 9 = 0

PAK-21 Trade a problem

Website
ACTIVITY

Steps/Langkah-langkah:
1 Students are required to provide a question of forming quadratic equations from given
roots. Visit https://
www.
Murid-murid dikehendaki menyediakan satu soalan mengenai pembentukan persamaan purplemath.
kuadratik daripada punca yang diberi. com/modules/
2 Students are divided into groups of four. Trade the question with other members. quadform.
Murid-murid dibahagi kepada kumpulan yang terdiri daripada empat orang. Tukar soalan htm for
dengan ahli yang lain. additional
notes on
3 Teacher holds a discussion with students. how to solve
Guru mengadakan perbincangan bersama-sama murid. quadratic
equations.

22

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C2 [Link] 22 19/10/2020 2:36:39 PM

 1 Given α and β are the roots of 2 Given α and β are the roots of 3 If α and β are the roots of
the quadratic equation the quadratic equation the quadratic equation
x2 − 7x + 14 = 0, form a new 3x2 − x − 15 = 0, form a new 4x2 + 3x + 12 = 0, form a new
quadratic equation with roots quadratic equation with roots quadratic equation with
α β 5 − α and 5 − β. 4 4
and . Diberi α dan β ialah punca-punca bagi roots and .
3 3 α β
Diberi α dan β ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik 3x2 − x − 15 = 0, Jika α dan β ialah punca-punca bagi
persamaan kuadratik x2 − 7x + 14 = 0, bentukkan persamaan kuadratik yang persamaan kuadratik 4x2 + 3x + 12 = 0,
bentukkan persamaan kuadratik yang baharu dengan punca 5 − α dan 5 − β. bentukkan persamaan kuadratik yang
α β 4 4
baharu dengan punca dan . baharu dengan punca dan .
3 3 α β

4 Given α and –1 are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 – 6x + k = 0, find the values of α and k.
Diberi α dan –1 ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik 2x2 − 6x + k = 0, cari nilai α dan k.

23

Modul A+ SPM AddMath F4 2021 C2 [Link] 23 19/10/2020 2:36:39 PM