Aa¨vq t 13  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK

Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. A_© e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K ‡K?
DËi: A_© e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
cÖkœ-2. wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i ‡K?
DËi: wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjK K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
cÖkœ-3. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K KZRb Mfb©i _v‡K?|
DËi: †K›`xªq e¨vs‡K 1Rb Mfb©i _v‡K|
cÖkœ-4. wbKvk Ni Kx?
DËi: wbKvk Ni n‡jv m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwËi Rb¨
‡K›`ªxf~Z I ¯^qswµq GKwU c×wZ|
cÖkœ-5. FY wbqš¿b Kx?
DËi: F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨gvÎvq eRvq ivLv‡K FY wbqš¿Y e‡j|
cÖkœ-6. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx?
DËi: miKvwi wbqš¿Yvaxb ‡h e¨vsK‡K †K›`ª K‡i †`‡ki gy`ªvevRvi cwiPvwjZ
nq Zv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e‡j|
Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kb ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvq Znwej msiÿY K‡i?
DËi: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªvq Znwej msiÿY K‡i _v‡K|
GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªvi wewbgq nvi wbf©i K‡i †mB †`‡ki ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªvi
wiRv‡f©i Ici| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ch©vß
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvq Znwej msiÿY K‡i _v‡K|
cÖkœ-2. gy`ªvi gvb msiÿY †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki KvR?e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi: gy`ªvi gvb msiÿY †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR|
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK kyaygvÎ †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjbB K‡i bv eis Gi g~j¨gvb msiÿ‡YiI
†Póv Pvjvq| GRb¨ †`‡ki A_©bxwZi
mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L A‡_i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges we‡`wk gy`ªvi wePv‡i
†`kxq gy`ªvi g~j¨gvb‡K w¯’wZkxj I AbyK~j ivL‡Z
m‡Pó _v‡K|
cÖkœ-3. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K RbKj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôvb ejv nq †Kb?
DËi: evsjv‡`k e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨sK|
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwóZ nqwb| GwU
Agybvdv‡fvMx RvZxq cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e e¨vswKs Lv‡Z †mev
w`‡q _v‡K| RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY wb‡qvwRZ _vKvB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨|
ZvB evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K
RbKj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôvb ejv nq|
cÖkœ-4. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †KvbwU w¯’wZkxj iv‡L? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki gy`ªvevRvi‡K w¯’wZkxj iv‡L|
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK mvaviYZ e¨vsK nvi bxwZ, †LvjvevRvi bxwZ, Rgvi nvi
cwieZ©b I ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY wbqš¿Y K‡I †`‡ki gy`ªvevRvi‡K w¯’wZkxj iv‡L|
cÖkœ- 5. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y K‡i?
DËi: †`‡k F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨¯Í‡i eRvq ivLv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR|
DËi: e¨vsK nvi bxwZ, †LvjvevRvi bxwZ, Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b, ˆbwZK
cÖ‡ivPbv BZ¨vw` c×wZ‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K
e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY wbqš¿b K‡i|
Ávb (K) I Abyavebg~jK (L) cÖkœ
1. †Kvb kZvãx‡Z gy`¨vevRvi wbq‡š¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv hvq?
2. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki `vwqZ¡ Kx?
3. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx?
4. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx RvZxq cÖwZôvb?
5. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
6. wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK?
7. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
8. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
9. †`‡ki †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZôvb ‡KvbwU?
10. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e gy`ªv µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i?
11. GK e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨ e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`b wb®úwË Kiv nq Kvi gva¨‡g?
12. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i ‡K?
13. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cl©‡`i m`m¨ Kviv?
14. e¨e¯’vcbv wbe©vnx cÖavb‡K mnvqZv K‡i Kviv?
15. wbKvkNi Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
16. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y e¨vL¨v Ki|
17. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K gy`ªv evRKv‡ii AwffveK ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
18. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯’j †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi t 01
ÔLÕ e¨vs‡K Kg©iZ Rbve Kwig mv‡ne C‡`i Rb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K bZzb UvKvi †bvU Zz‡j Avb‡j
Zvi 7 eQ‡ii Kb¨v me UvKvi †bv‡Ui Dci ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki bvg †jLv †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z Pvq|
(K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i?
(L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wiRvf© wnmv‡e Kx Rgv iv‡L? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) ÔKÕ e¨vsK Kx ai‡bi e¨vsK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ msK‡U ÔKÕ e¨vsK Kx f~wgKv ivL‡e? Av‡jvPbv Ki|

DËi t (K)
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i|
DËi t (L)

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wiRvf© wn‡m‡e †gvU Avgvb‡Zi GKUv Ask
eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Rgv iv‡L| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †hb AgvbZKvixi mv‡_ cÖZviYv Ki‡Z bv cv‡i
‡m Rb¨ e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K wiRvf© Rgv ivLvi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i|
DËi t (M)
e¨vsK GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, hv †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPj‡bi gva¨‡g wewbg‡qi gva¨g
m„wó K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ e¨vsK GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi AwffveK
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯^vaxb †`‡k GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK _v‡K, hv miKv‡ii c‡ÿ
e¨vswKs LvZ cwiPvjbv K‡i| †`‡ki †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß GKgvÎ cÖwZôvb n‡jv
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK, hvi Ab¨Zg KvR n‡jv †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb Kiv | ÔKÕ e¨vsK †hme †bvU
cÖPjb K‡i Zvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki Mf©b‡ii ¯^vÿi _v‡K| ÔKÕ e¨vsK †`‡ki ‡K›`ªxq
e¨vsK | G Rb¨ ÔKÕ e¨vsK KZ…©K Bmy¨K…Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU †bv‡U ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki bvg _v‡K|
ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki bvg e¨ZxZ †bvUwU A‰ea I Rvj †bvU wn‡m‡e nY¨ n‡e|
DËi t (N)
PvwnevgvÎ MÖvnK‡K A_© cwi‡kv‡a e¨vs‡Ki †h mvg_© Zv‡K Zvij¨ e‡j| MÖvn‡Ki A_©
cwi‡kv‡a hLb e¨vsK e¨_© nq ZLb †mwU‡K Zvij¨ msKU ejv nq|
ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ msK‡U ÔKÕ e¨vsK mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evwo‡q †`‡e| ÔLÕ e¨vsK GKwU
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| Aciw`‡K ÔKÕ e¨vsK GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K e¨vswKs
cwiev‡ii AwffveK ejv nq| AwffveK †hgb cwiev‡ii `ytL-`y`©kvq ÎvYKZ©v wn‡m‡e nvwRi
nq, †Zgwb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wec‡` mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evwo‡q †`q †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| ÔLÕ
e¨vsK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Drm n‡Z A_© msMÖ‡n e¨_© n‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK eivei FYcÖvwßi Rb¨
Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| ÔKÕ e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki wewae× Rgv A_ev wiRvf© Znwej †_‡K ÔLÕ
e¨vsK‡K FY cÖ`vb Ki‡e| GQvov ÔKÕ e¨vsK ïay Avw_©K mnvqZv w`‡qB e‡m _vK‡e bv,
h_vh_© civgk©I cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
 m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi t 02
ivgM‡o ¯’vbxq GjvKvq †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK bv _vKvq GjvKvevmxiv wewfbœ
mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq| G wel‡q cÖkvmb‡K AeMZ Ki‡j †mLv‡b ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ `ywU e¨vs‡Ki
kvLv Pvjy nq Ges GjvKvevmx mK‡jB DcK…Z nq| wKQyw`b ci †K‡›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔLÕ
e¨vs‡K e‡Üi †bvwUk †`q|
(K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wK‡mi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †KvbwU w¯’wZkxj iv‡L e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K †Kb e‡Üi †bvwUk †`q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) ivgM‡oi g‡Zv GjvKvq Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ e¨vsK‡K Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z
cv‡i? Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi t (K)
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i|
DËi t (L)
‡K`ªxq e¨vsK g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj iv‡L| Aw¯’wZkxj g~j¨¯Íi A_©bxwZ g›`vfv‡ei m„wó K‡i|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK A_© mieivn Kvg¨ ¯Í‡i †i‡L A_©evRvi wbqš¿Y K‡i| d‡j g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj
_v‡K|
DËi t (M)
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨ e¨vsKmg~‡ni e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e wewfbœ MVbg~jK Kvh©vewj
m¤úv`b K‡i| e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gv`b I Ae‡jvKb `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Av‡`‡k
msMwVZ nq| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K wb‡¤œ ewY©Z Kvi‡b e‡Üi †bvwUk †`q -
 ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gv`b cÖwµqv h_vh_fv‡e m¤úvw`Z bv n‡j,
 ÔLÕ e¨vsK Zvij¨ msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ n‡j,
 ÔLÕ e¨vsK A‰ea e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡j,
 ÔLÕ e¨vsK ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K h_vh_ wiRvf© msiÿY bv Ki‡j,
 ÔLÕ e¨vsK e¨vswKs AvBb †g‡b bv Pj‡j|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs cwicš’x Kv‡RiR¨ †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vsK‡K e‡Üi †bvwUk w`‡Z cv‡i|

DËi t (N)
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs RM‡Zi †bZv| †bZv wn‡m‡e GwUi DwPZ Ab¨ e¨vsKmg~n‡K
mwVK c‡_ cwiPvjbv Kiv| ivgM‡oi g‡Zv GjvKvq Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ
e¨vsK‡K wb‡¤œv³fv‡e Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i -
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi bxwZ ÔKÕ I cwiKíbv ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g ev¯Ívevqb K‡i ivgMo
GjvKvi Dbœqb Ki‡Z cv‡i,
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g ivgM‡oi cÖwZwU gvby‡li Kv‡Q e¨vsK †mev †cŠ‡Q
w`‡Z cv‡i,
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ivgM‡oi wkí Dbœq‡b ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g ¯^í my‡` FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡i,
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Lv‡Z A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i RxebhvÎvi
g‡bvbœqb Ki‡Z cv‡i,
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs cY¨mg~n ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ mnRjf¨ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i,
hv ivgM‡oi Awaevmx‡`i Rb¨ 24/7 N›Uv e¨vswKs †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ci¯úi mn‡hvMx Ae¯’v‡b †_‡K ivgM‡oi
g‡Zv GjvKvq Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ¨vKwUm Askt- m„Rbkxj iPbvg~jK cÖkœt
1. iæwnZ mv‡ne evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †_‡K FY msMÖn Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| wKš‘ FY †bqvi g‡Zv
cÖ‡qvRbxq RvgvbZ ev KvMRcÎ bv _vKvq wZwb A‰ea cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡Z PvB‡j
e¨vsKvi Zv‡K FY w`‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb Ges e‡jb miKv‡ii Aby‡gv`‡b cÖwZwôZ
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwK¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Kvh©vewj I F‡Yi Z`viwK K‡i Ges Zv‡`i‡K
wbqš¿Y K‡i| ZvB †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB A‡fa cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv hv‡e bv| ZvQvov evwYwR¨K
e¨vs‡Ki msKUgq gyn~‡Z© †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY`vb K‡i Ges miKv‡ii e¨vsK cÖwZwbwa I
Dc‡`ó wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
(K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq †Kb?
(M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m¤úK© wb‡`©k Ki|
(N) Ô‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsKÕÑ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
2. 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| ¯^vaxb †`‡ki e¨emvwqK
Kvh©µg myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vq Acwinvh©| miKvi mymsMwVZ
e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ bv‡g GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZôv K‡i|
evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖwZôvKvjxb mgq †_‡KB †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K g½jRbK Dcv‡q gReyZ
wfwËi Ici `uvo Kiv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb Ges mv‡_ mv‡_
ewjô gy`ªvevRvi MVb I wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨vsKwU wbijmfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
(K) cÖ‡Z¨K ¯^vaxb †`‡k Kx _v‡K?
(L) e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv †K? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †hme D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë MwVZ n‡qwQj Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(N) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK G †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K gReyZ wfwËi Ici `uvo Kiv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b
Ki‡Z cvi‡e wKÑbv Zv g~j¨vqb Ki|
3. wkÿK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, †`‡ki e¨vsK e¨e¯’v Ges
gy`ªvevRvi MVb I cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZK k„•Ljv cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨B g~jZ
‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D™¢e| ZvQvov †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Avf¨šÍixY †jb‡`b
m¤ú~Y© K‡i wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Ges †bvU Bmy¨i GK‡PwUqv AwaKvi †fvM
K‡i|
(K) FY wbqš¿Y Kx?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K wbKvk Ni ejv nq †Kb?
 (M) †K›`ªªxq e¨vsK †bvU Bmy¨i GK‡PwUqv AwaKvi †fvM K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I A_©‰bwZK k„•Ljv cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ †K›`ªxq
e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj Av‡jvPbv Ki|
4. Avng‡`i GjvKvq `ywU e¨vsK Av‡Q| ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ I Ôm~h© e¨vsKÕ| Ôm~h©
e¨vsKÕmn A‡bK e¨vsK wb‡R‡`i cvi¯úwiK ‡jb‡`b wb®úwˇZ ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ-Gi Øvi¯’
nq| ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| GwU e¨vsK
wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ QvovI bvbv D‡Ï‡k¨ Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i|
(K) KLb e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve nq?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx †evS?
(M) ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ I Ôm~h© e¨vsKÕ †KvbwU †Kvb cÖKvi e¨vsK?
(N) ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ-Gi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Ki|
5. GKwU †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evRvi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e miKvi, RbMY I Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsK
m‡e©vcwi †`‡ki Dbœq‡b KvR K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K mwVKfv‡e wbqš¿Y
I gy`ªvevRv‡ii Awffve‡Ki `vwqZ¡ mwVKfv‡e cvjb K‡i|
(K) †bvU Bmy¨ Kiv Kvi KvR?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ci¯ú‡ii mn‡hvMx- e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) †`‡ki Dbœq‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx Kx KvR K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) Ô‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi Ges gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveKÕ- Dw³wU
gyj¨vqb Ki|
6. AvRgj mv‡ne †K›`ªxh e¨vs‡Ki Kg©KZ©v c‡` wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| e¨vs‡K PvKwii
c~‡e© wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, GZ¸‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK _vKvq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK `iKvi †bB|
wKš‘ e¨vs‡K G‡m wZwb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK m„wói cUf~wg Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb| e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi
D‡b¥lKv‡j wewfbœ e¨vsK GjvKvq wewfbœ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v Pvjy nq| G mKj e¨vswKs
e¨e¯’v‡K GKmy‡Î GKwÎZ K‡i k„•Ljv Avbq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_gZ Bsj¨v‡Û †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
cÖwZôv Kiv nq| wZwb †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m„wó K_v †R‡b Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡Z
cvi‡jb| (cvVÑ13.1)
(K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K m~‡h©i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb †K?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K ivRv ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) AvRg mv‡ne †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve m¤ú‡K© hv †R‡b‡Qb Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(N) ÔevwYwR¨K e¨vsK _vK‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †bB Õ - gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv
wbiæcY Ki|
7. evsjv‡`k miKvi gvjqwkqvi mv‡_ GKwU FYPzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z Pvq| G Rb¨ evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK miKv‡ii c‡ÿ FYPzw³wU m¤úv`b Kij| †K›`ªxq e¨vsKwU miKvi‡K civgk© I
mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡h‡Q| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK gybvdv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ KvR
K‡i bv| me©mvavi‡Yi g½j wbwðZ Ki‡Z mymsnZ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi j‡ÿ¨
GwU KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| †`‡ki gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y I gy`ªv mieivn K‡i e¨vsKwU
 Rbmvavi‡Yi RxebhvÎvq f~wgKv ivL‡Q| RbwnZKi I Kj¨vYg~jK cÖKímg~n miKv‡i
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z K‡i| (cvvV-13.1)
(K) FY wbqš¿‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i †K?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K e¨vsKmg~‡ni e¨vsKvi ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K mnvqZv Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨mg~n Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv
eY©bv Ki|
(N) Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsK RbKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwôZÕ - Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiæcY Ki|
8. Avwe` evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K D”Pc`¯’ c‡` Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK wbZ¨‰bwgwËK †h me Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i Avwe` †m¸‡jv Z`viwK K‡ib|
nVvr K‡i evRv‡i F‡Yi cwigvY †e‡o hvIqvi Zv‡K FY wbq‡š¿‡Yi `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv n‡jv|
wZwb cÖvZ¨wnK e¨vswKs Kvh©vewj‡Z wKQy †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jb| gy`ªvevRv‡ii
AwffveK Ges gy`ªv cÖPjb nIqv‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ wZwb mn‡RB FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z
cvi‡jb| FY wbq‡š¿‡Yi gva¨‡g evRv‡i F‡Yi fvimvg¨ wbwðZ n‡jv, hv Rbmvavi‡bi
RxeYhvÎv‡K ¯^vfvweK ivL‡Z mnvqZv Kij| (cvV-13.2)
(K) FY wbqš¿Y Kx?
(L) FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZmg~n D‡jøL Ki|
(M) Avwe` evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †hme mvavib Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡ib Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(N) evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Yg~jK Kvh©vewji Avek¨KZv hvPvB Ki|
9. gRby gvóvm© cvm K‡i miKvwi e¨vs‡K PvKwii †Póv Ki‡jb| †hvM¨Zve‡j wZwb evsjv‡`k
e¨vs‡K PvKwi †c‡jb| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K PvKwi Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb- evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK ïay miKvwi gvwjKvbvq cÖwZwôZ e¨vsKB bq eis miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ GwU KvR K‡i| miKvwi wewfbœ wbqg-bxwZ ev¯Ívevq‡bi Rb¨ GwU
Kvh©µg MÖnb K‡i| †`‡k-we‡`‡k GwU miKv‡ii cªwZwbwaZ¡ †hgb K‡i _v‡K, †Zgwb
miKvi‡K wewfbœ wel‡q civgk© w`‡q _v‡K| Gme Kvi‡Y gRby evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K
miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡jb| (cvV-13.2)
(K) ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi Znwej msiÿY K‡i †K?
(L) ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e wewbgq gva¨‡g m„wó K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †hme Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i Zgv eY©bv
Ki|
(N) gRbyi evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi ejvi †hŠw³KZv wbiæcY Ki|
10. wgjb Gbwmwm e¨vs‡K gnve¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| Gbwmwm e¨vsK
evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU kxl©¯’vbxq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| wgjb Gbwmwm e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gv`b
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i mKj Kv‡h© †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki w`Kwb‡`k©bv †g‡b P‡jb| wbKvkNi e¨e¯’vi
gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Gbwmwm e¨vsK‡K AvšÍte¨vswKs †jb‡`b wb®úwˇZ mnvqZv
K‡i _v‡K| Gbwmwm e¨vs‡Ki wnmvecÎ cixÿv, FY Av`vq, bZzb kvLv †Lvjv cÖf„wZ Kv‡R
†K›`ªxq e¨vsKwU ¯^ZtùzZ© mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| wgjb Gbwmwm e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ msK‡U
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †_‡K FY mnvqZv MÖnb K‡ib| Gme welq we‡ePbv K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K
mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi bv‡g Wv‡K| (cvV-13.2)
(K) evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ KvR K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) wgj‡bi Gbwmwm e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m¤úvw`Z KvR¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(N) wgj‡bi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv †hŠw³KZv wbiæcY Ki|
11. ‡mvnvM evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K mnKvix cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb Ki‡jb| wZwb mZZv I
`ÿZvi mv‡_ e¨vswKs Kvh©vw` m¤úv`b Kivi d‡j c‡`vbœwZ †c‡q †hŠ_ cwiPvjK c‡`
AwawôZ n‡jb| wZwb eZ©gv‡b cÖkvmwbK wefv‡M Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki
m‡ev©”P c‡` AwawôZ nIqvi j‡ÿ¨I KvR K‡i †M‡jb| Zvi g‡Zv Ab¨iv I myk„•Lj Ges my¯’
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g D”P c‡` AwawôZ n‡Z jvM‡jb| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki MVb,
e¨e¯’vcbv I wefv‡Mi †kÖwYweb¨vm e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi k„•Ljv weav‡b mnvqK| (cvVÑ
13.3)
(K) †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m‡ev©”P c` †KvbwU?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K civgk©`vZv ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) †mvnv‡Mi wefv‡Mi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ wefvMmg~n Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(N) evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki MVb I e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZwU g~j¨vqb Ki|
12. Bsj¨v‡Ûi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ| e¨vsKwU gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK
wn‡m‡e evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K mv‡_ wb‡q Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| miKv‡ii wewfbœ
Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Ívevq‡bi `vwqZ¡ c‡o †K›`ªxq e¨vsKwUi Ici| wKš‘ e¨vsKwU GKv
wKQyœ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| e¨vsKwU ZvwjKvfz³ mKj e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZ
ev¯Ívevq‡bi K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K e¨vswKs RM‡Zi ‡bZv
wn‡m‡e gvb¨ K‡i| †h‡Kv‡bv msKUKvjxb gyû‡Z© evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n ‡K›`ªxq
e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZv †c‡q _v‡K| Bsj¨v‡Ûi DbœwZ‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki
mym¤úK©B g~j f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q e‡j we‡klÁiv g‡b K‡ib| (cvV-13.4)
(K) c„w_exi cÖ_‡g mymsMwVZ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †KvbwU?
(L) †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv `vI|
(M) e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vsK mg~‡ni m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) Bsj¨v‡Ûi DbœwZ‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mym¤úK© KZUv
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv g~j¨vqb Ki|
13. wmwU e¨vs‡K bZzb gnve¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb Ki‡jb Rqbyj Av‡e`xb| wZwb
e¨vs‡Ki Avq evov‡bvi Rb¨ AwaK gvÎvq FY cÖ`vb ïiæ Ki‡jb| bM` A‡_©i w`‡K †Lvqvj bv
†i‡L FY cÖ`vb Kivq wmwU e¨vsK msK‡U coj| e¨vsKwU †hb †`Dwjqv bv n‡q hvq G
Rb¨ Rqbyj Av‡e`xb †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_
evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n e¨vsKvi g‡°j m¤ú‡K©i e܇b Ave× _vKvq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
 wmwU e¨vsK‡K FY cÖ`vb Kij| FY`v‡bi †kl Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK _vKv‡Z
wmwU e¨vsK †`DwjqvZ¡ †_‡K gyw³ †cj | (cvV-13.4)
(K) wbKvkNi cwiPvjvi `vwqZ¡ †K MÖnb K‡i?
(L) e¨vsK‡K Zvij¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) wmwU e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m¤ú‡K©i ¯^iæc e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) wmwU e¨vs‡Ki F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki|
14. evsjv‡`k GKwU ¯^vaxb †`k| cÖZ¨KwU ¯^vaxb iv‡óª GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Av‡Q|
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i evsjv‡`k miKvi ¯^vaxbZvi ciciB evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK bv‡g GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZôv K‡i| miKvi Ab¨vb¨ evs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e
GwU‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z wM‡q cÖ_g w`‡K †ek wKQz mgm¨vi m¤§yLwb n‡hwQj| Z‡e
mymsnZ cwiPvjbv cl©` Ges e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU _vKvq †K›`ªxq e¨vsKwU mKj mgm¨v
KvwU‡q D‡V evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vswKs RM‡Z †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i hv‡”Q| (cvV-13.5)
(K) evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki gvwjK †K?
(L) evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl©` m¤ú‡K© wjL|
(M) evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki mgm¨vmg~n D`NvUb Ki|
(N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki c`hvÎv g~j¨vqb Ki|
15. evsjv‡`k Z…Zxq we‡k¦i GKwU Dbœqkxj ivóª nIqv m‡Ë¡I e¨vswKs Lv‡Z Ges Gi
BwZnvm AwZn¨ AZ¨šÍ mgy¾¡j| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki `ÿ
ZË¡veavb I wbqg-bxwZi k„•L‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n cwiPvwjZ nIqvq evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK e¨vswKs Lv‡Z mg„w× AR©b K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK G †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K GKwU
my`„p I gReyZ wfwË `v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wbišÍb KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| bZzb bZzb e¨vswKs cb¨ I
†mev D™¢veb Ges †m¸‡jvi ev¯Ívevq‡bi gva¨‡g Rbmvavi‡Yi RxebhvÎvi g‡bvbœq‡b
GwU f~wgKv ivL‡Q| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki nvZ a‡i fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ AviI m`„p
n‡e GwUB mK‡ji cÖZ¨vkv| (cvV-13.5)
(K) evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K KZRb Mfb©i _v‡Kb?
(L) wbKvkN‡ii cÖavb †K ? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi Dbœq‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv eY©bv Ki|
(N) evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r A_©bxwZi PvwjKvkw³ n‡e evsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ - †Zvgvi cÖZ¨vk¨vi
†cwÿ‡Z Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki|

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