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Prep Guide Math Class 5 IMO

The document covers various aspects of number sense, including numerals and number names in both Indian and International systems, place value and face value, Roman numbers, estimation, formation of numbers, and ordering numbers. It provides examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts, such as rounding numbers, forming greatest and smallest numbers, and understanding ascending and descending order. Additionally, it includes exercises to test understanding of these topics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views90 pages

Prep Guide Math Class 5 IMO

The document covers various aspects of number sense, including numerals and number names in both Indian and International systems, place value and face value, Roman numbers, estimation, formation of numbers, and ordering numbers. It provides examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts, such as rounding numbers, forming greatest and smallest numbers, and understanding ascending and descending order. Additionally, it includes exercises to test understanding of these topics.

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runitripathy
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© All Rights Reserved
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Cala Number Sense ee 1.1 Numerals and Number Names 1.2 Place value and Face value 1.3 Roman Numbers 1.4 Estimation 1.5 Formation of Numbers 1.6 Ascending and Descending order 1.1 NUMERALS AND NUMBER NAMES Indian System of Numeration Peres : an ey ory Nir an Dene eee CE Te MC os ee u crores Thousands 72053419 7 2 0 5 3 4 1 [9 154039846 | 1 5 4 0 3 9 8 mee ‘The table shows the different periods. (ones period, thousands period, lakhs period and crores period. ‘The number and number name for the number in the table are J Numeral Number name | [oi mpiad site Seven crore twenty lakh fifty three 7,20,53.419 thousand four hundred nineteen ‘The cigits in the same period are read together. Fi ny inty al ‘= Commas are inserted after each period. 15,40,39.846 | Fifteen crore forty lakh thirty nine thousand eight hundred forty six International System of Numeration Paes ns ren on Sree ns Cea Ps Thousands Thousands 72053419 7 2 0 5 3 4 ifs 154039846] 1 5 4 0 3 9 8 ale ‘The table shows the different periods (ones period, thousands period and millions period) “The numbers and number names for the numbers in the table are as follows jerals Number names 72,053,419 | Seventy two million fifty three thousand four hundred nineteen 154,039,846 | One hundred fity four million thirty nine thousand eight hundred forty six 1.2. PLACE VALUE AND FACE VALUE Df owmpiaa Bite Consider the number 72053419 ‘The place value and face value of each digit in the above number is as follows 1 crore = 100 lakhs = 10 millions 10 crores = 100 millions 10 lakhs = 1 million Predecessor Indian System co en ony eee eT er rs ao crores oe i 000000 2000000 | 0 | sooo | 3000 | ao | w | 9 ore sar 7 2 ° 5 3 4 1} 9 International System Pree en er Me em ee ner ee eee Thousands ‘Thousands 70000000 | 2000000| 0 50000 3000 400 | w | 9 oe 7 | 2 | o 5 3 as fale Expanded Form and Short Form 24680590 = 20000000 + 4000000 + 600000 + 80000 + 500+ 99 4680590 = 7 Short form Expanded form ASS 1. The place value of the digit ‘5’ in the number (A) 2,468,561,30 (B) 24,685,613,0 2560712 is (C) 246,856,130 (D) 24,68,56,130 (a) 5000 (8) 500000 4. The predecessor of 14031091 is__. oe oe (A) 14031093 (B) 14031090 2.10 millions = lakhs. (©) 14031089 (D) 14031092 1 (A) 100 (B) 10 5. Six crore three lakh thirty five thousand two | :@1 (D) 1000 hundred fifty two is written as : { 3, Im which of the following numbers, commas are (A) 6,03,53,252 (8) 6,03,35,252 : inserted according to international place value chart? (C) 6,30,35,252 (D) 603,53,522 1.3 ROMAN NUMBERS ents 1 v x L c D M Pree 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 Nina Following are the rules used while writing the numerals in Roman system 1. 1, X, C and M can be repeated to represent a number. 2. A smaller numeral written to the right of a numeral of greater value is always added to the greater numeral 3. [Link] numeral written to the left ofa numeral of greater value is always subtracted from the greater numeral. owmpiaa Bite ‘© No symbol can repeat more than 3 times. ‘© There is no symbol in Roman system to represent 2er0 (0) 1.4 ESTIMATION Nearest Tens 425689)2 is rounded off to 4256890, Nearest Hundreds 4256(8}92 is rounded off to 4256900. aS 1. MCDXLIX (A) 1478 (B) 1659 (© 1449 (D) 1649 2. ‘The number 54689124 when rounded off to the nearest thousands gives (A) 54689200 (B) 54689100 (©) 54680000 (D) 54689000 3. ‘The greatest 7- digit number that can be formed by. using the digits 2,0, 1, 5 and 6 (using each digit atleast once) is Nearest Thousands 425(6)892 is rounded off to 4257000. 1.5 FORMATION OF NUMBERS Form the greatest and the smallest 7-digit numbers with the digits 5, 2, 4, 0, 1, 3 and 6. Without Repetition Greatest number formed = 6543210 Smallest number formed = 1023456 With Repetition Greatest number formed = 6666666 Smallest number formed = 1000000 1.6 ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER Consider the numbers 4567251, 5210768 and 3459612 Ascending order (smallest to greatest) is, 3459612, 4567251, 5210768 Descending order (greatest to smallest) is, 5210768, 4567251, 3459612 (A) 6665201 (©) 6003612 (B) 6665210 (D) 6500126 4. A number when rounded off to the nearest | hundreds gives 35000. Find the smallest possible value { of the number. (A) 33999 (B) 34950 (©) 34600 (D) 34550 5. Roman numeral for 3589 is (A) MMMDLXXXIX_ (B)- MMCMDLXXIX (©) MMCMDLXIX —— (D) MMMCDLXxXIX EXERCISE 1. Which of the following options makes the given expression true? 302568, 108256 (B) < Di (D) Can't be determined 2. ‘The number 52612 when rounded off to the nearest (B) 52610 (D) 52000 (©) 52600 3. If the number of trees in a plantation is 4200 when rounded off to the nearest hundreds, then what is the ‘greatest number of trees in the plantation? (A) 4199 (B) 4159 (©) 4059 (0) 4099 4, Numeral for seven million three hundred eighty three thousand four hundred ninety five is (A) 7.384.395 (B) 7.833.495 (©) 7,383,495 (D) 73,83,495 5. Form the greatest 6-digit odd number, using all the given below digits at least once. sIBIJLIe (A) 555310 (B) 500531 (©) 505331 () 555301 6. 252,105 written in words as (A) ‘Two hundred fifty-two one hundred and five (B) ‘Two hundred and fifty-two hundred one hundred and five (©) Two hundred fifty two thousand one hundred and. five (D) Two hundred and fifty thousand twenty hundred and five 7. What is the missing number in the box? 300 thousands + 100 hundreds + 520 tens = [_] (A) 300152 (B) 301520 (© 310520 (B) 315200 8 The sum of the face values ofall the digits of 546823 (A) 28 On (8) 25 (D) None of these 9. Inthe number 7468937, the digit 4 stands for__. (A) 4 hundred thousands (B) 4 thousands (©) 40 thousands (D) 40 lakhs 10. Which of the following is the greatest? (a) CMx (B) CDXL (©) MMX (0) McM 11, Place value and face value of a number is always equal at__. (A) Ones place (B) Tens pla (C) Hundreds place (D) Thousands place 12, ‘The value of MMDCCLXXIN = (A) 2653 (B) 2753 © 27 (0) 2673 13, The greatest 6-digit number formed by the given digits (using each digit only once) is FAH EILIE (A) 654310 (B) 546310 (©) 653410 (D) 654301 vm is rounded off to the nearest thousands gives 60000. (A) 54999, (B) 58999) (© 59199 (D) 59999) 15, Hindu Arabic numeral for DCLXXIV (A) 684 (B) 674 (© 604 (D) 584 16. Which digit will come in place of thousands in the product of 250 and 452 a. Os (B) 2 (p) 5 17. ‘The number shown by the given abacus is. (B) 230235 (D) 231325 (A) 230325 (© 320235 18, In 7,543,258 the digit 4 stands for (A) 4 thousand (B) 4 ten thousand (© 4hundred (D) 4 million 19, The best estimate for 8045 x 302 is (A) 8000 x 300 (B) 8000 x 350 (©) 9000 x 300 (D) 9000 x 350 20. Which of the following options is arranged in descending order? (A) 5034; 7056; 80431; 10569 (B) 82540; 72042; 42035; 10568 (©) 6051; 10,268; 24561; 54685 (D) 1029; 50552; 30251; 44162 21, Compare and fill the box. ‘cMLXV C MecxLv (B) < (D) Can't be determined 22, Find the missing value. 5765403 = 57 lakhs + thousands +4 hundred +3 (A) 56 (B) 6 © 6 (D) 54 23. Eighty million two hundred forty seven thousand five hundred sixty one i written in numerals as (A) 80,247,561 (B) 82,047,561 (©) 80,427,561 (D) 8,042,756,1 24. NGO P collected 72,53,052 books and NGO Q collected 45,56,759 books ata charity drive. Which NGO collected more number of books? (4) NGOQ (8) NGO P (©) Both collected equal books (D) Can't be determined 25, The correct descending order of the given roman numbers is CMXV CDLIL_ DCCXV P Q R (A) RQR ® RRQ COQRP () RRQ 26. ‘The sum of the numbers on the given two abacuses (A) 364465 (B) 264460 (©) 300365 (D) 365460 27. Add 1 to the largest 5-digit number gives (A) 10000 (B) 100000 (©) 99998 (D) 1000000 28. Abhinav scored MMCCCIX runs in a year. What is the Hindu-Arabic number for this Roman number? (a) 2211 (B) 2209 © 211 (D) 2309 29. ‘The sum of place value and face value of the digit “6 in the number 728649 is (a) 606 (8) 66 © 660 ©) 600 30. Predecessor of greatest 7- digit even number (A) 9999999 (©) 9999997 (B) 9999996 (D) None of these 31. Sum of place values of the digits in 750640 is. (ayo (B) 2 (©) 750640 (D) None of these 32, Successor of greatest 5- digit number formed from the digits 2,3, 5, 1, 4 (using all digits) is z (a) 53420 (B) 53422 (© 54320 (D) 54322 33. The maximum number of times a roman symbol repeats is__ wi ©3 34, The expanded form of 5678910 is (A) 5000000 + 600000 + 70000 + 8000 + 900 + 10 (B) 500000 + 600000 + 70000 + 8000 + 900 + 10 (C) 5000000 + 60000 + 70000 + 8000 + 910 (D) 5000000 + 6000 + 700000 + 8000 + 900 + 10 (B) 2 (4 35. Hundred lakhs = (A) 10 millions (8) 1 million (©) 100 millions (D) 10 crores 36. Successor of 3008999 is__. (A) 3008989 (B) 3009000 (© 30008998, (B) 30009001 37. Sum ofplace values of digits 4,3 and 5 in the number 3564210 is (A) 3504000 (B) 3500400 (©) 3500 (D) 35400 38. Predecessor of CMLXIX is (A) 870 (B) 970 (© 968 (D) 869 39. Nakul wrote a number in words as follows. Eleven lakh fifteen thousand one hundred and eleven. Which of the following represents Nakul’s number? (a) 1105111 (B) 1125111 (©) msi (D) None of these 40. Which of the following roman numerals cannot be subtracted? (yc ov 41. Anumberwhen rounded offto the nearest thousands becomes 15000. Which of the following could be the number? (a) 15525 (©) 15969 42. Which of the following roman numeral is smallest? P: CDXVI; Q: DCCVIE R : CCLXII wp @ Q OR (D) Can't be determined 43. Using all the digits given below, form the greatest possible 7-digit even number where repetition of digit is allowed. (1 (D) x (B) 14280 (D) 14675 TAe (A) 9888319 (B) 9999831 (© 9999318 (D) None of these 44, Roman numeral for the predecessor of the smallest 4digit number is (a) CMXC, (B) CMXCIX (©) McxI (D) MI 45. ‘The sum of the face values of the encircled digits of the number 5@68@)71, is (3 @®) 2 (©) 400900 (D) None of these Te GUL) 46, Read the statements carefully and state T’ for true and ‘F’ for false. (a) The face value of ‘5’ in the number 65490 is 5000, () Successor of smallest 5-) 0) > (> @) B) @ > ©) > @s (>) © @ > @:b) >: > (P) ©) @ > ©: 6) > (pO > @) 48, Identify the 6-digit number using the given clues. + Itshundreds place digit is smallest prime number. * Itsten thousands place digit is thrice of its ones digit. + tones digit is predecessor of its hundreds digit. + Itthousands place digit is largest one-digit number. + Its lakhs place digit is successor of tens place digit. (a) 539241 (B) 639241 (© 539242 (D) 639421 49. Select the incorrect match, (A) Thirty seven lakh three hundred - 3700300. (B) Fifty lakh nine hundred five - 5009005, (C) Two crore twenty lakh eighty thousand ten 22080010, (D) None of these 50. Fill in the blanks and select the correct option, (a) 54679 when rounded off to the nearest thousands, gives (b) 82465 when rounded offto nearest tens gives, (©) 64850 when rounded off to the nearest hundreds gives (a) (b) o (A) 5400082470 165000 (B) 55000 82470 64900 (© 56000 82400 64000 (D) 55000 82500 65000 TIPE Re ans 1. Which of the following roman numerals shows the sum of the smallest four digit number and the greatest three digit number? (a) McMIx (©) MCMxcIx 2. 1n636250, the place value of 6at the thousands place is times the place value of 6 at the lakhs place. (B) Coxcrx (D) Mxcix (Level-t) 1 ®) oo (B) 100 we © = (Levert) 3. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? (i) Predecessor of 6 millions is fifty nine lakh ninety nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine, (ii) Estimated value of largest 6. it number rounded to the nearest hundreds is smallest 7-digit number. (A) Only @) (B) Only (i) (C) Both (i) and (il) (D) Neither () nor Gi) (Levelt) 4, Read the given statements carefully and state “I” for ‘True and ‘F’ for False. (While writing a number in Indian System of ‘numeration, commas are inserted after each digit. (Gi) There is no roman numeral to represent 0. (iii) Greatest 6-digit odd number that can be formed ing the digits 8, 3, 0, 2,4 and 5 (using each digit only once) is 854023. © Gi) Gi) at FOOT (B) F [0 oT FOO: (D) F Ta (Levelt) 3. Three Roman numerals 4, B and C, each having “Vv” only once in the place shown. Other two Roman ‘numerals are either I oF X or both. aly B: Vv c Vv ‘Which of the following statements is true? (A) The smallest number is A. (B) Difference between A and Bis 8 (C) Band C represents same number. (D) None of these (Levet-2) 6. Shikha makes a profit of rupees eighty five crore three lakh fifty five thousand thirty nine. Her profit can be written in numerals as (A) & 850,355,039 (©) % 85,03,55,390 7. Which of the following statement: (B) © 85,03,55,039 (D) & 8,53,67,249 (Level-2) fare false? P. Successor of largest 7-digit number is 10 million. Q Estimated value of largest 6-digit number rounded to the nearest hundreds is the smallest 6-digit number. (A) Only P (©) Both P and Q (8) Only Q (D) Neither Pnor Q/Level-2) HINTS & EXPLANATIONS Samaouee 1 (B) 2. (A) oO 4, (B)+ Predecessor of 14031091 = 14031091 ~ 1 = 14031090 () 1. (©): MCDXLIX = 1000 + 400 + 40 +9 = 1449 2. (D): Rounding off 5468912410 the nearest thousands gives 54689000, 3. (B): Grea = 6665210 digit number formed 4. (B): 34950 when rounding off to the nearest hundreds gives 35000, 3. (A): Roman numeral for 3589 is MMMDLXXXIX. 1. (A) 2. (B) :52612 rounded off to nearest tens = 52610 3. (A): As4199 when rounded off to nearest hundreds gives 4200. So, the greatest possible number of treesin the plantation = 4199 4. (©): Seven million three hundred eighty three thousand four hundred ninety five = 7,383,495 5. (D): Greatest 6-digit odd number formed from 3,1,0= 555301 6 (© 7. (D): 300 thousands + 100 hundreds + 520 tens = 300000 + 10000 + 5200 = 315200 8 (A): Required sum =5+4+6+8+2+3=28 9. (8:[M_ [ath [th [th [H [7 JO TL | L |rmh|m/H[T\o 7[ 4 [6 [slol[3l7 Here, 4 stands for 4 hundred thousands. 10. (C):(A) CMX = 910 (B) CDXL = 440 (C) MMX = 2010 (D) MCM = 1900 LL. (A) 12. (C): MMDCCI XXIII = 1000+1000+500+100+ 100+50+10+10+3 773 13. (A): Greatest 6- digit number formed from the given digits = 654310 14. (D): (A) 54999 when rounded off to nearest thousands gives 55000. (B) 58999 when rounded offto nearest thousands gives 59000. (C) 59199 when rounded offto nearest thousands gives 59000. (D) 59999 when rounded off to nearest thousands gives| ‘60000, 15. (B): DCLXXIV = 500 + 100 + 50+ 10 + 10 +4 = 674 16, (A): 250 x 45 = 11250 So, 1 comes at thousands place. 17. (B) 18, (8):[M [Hth[ Tih] Th | A] T LO 714 [a[3]2 Here, 4 stands for 4 ten thousand, 19. (A) 20. (B) : 82540 > 72042 > 42035 > 10568 21, (B): CMLXV = 965 MCCXLV = 1245 And 965 (<] 1245 22. (©) 23. (A) 24, (B) : Number of books collected by NGO P = 72! Number of books collected by NGO Q = 45,56,759 As, 2 > 45,56,759 So, NGO P collected more number of books. 25. (B):[Link] = 915; Q CDLIL= 452 R, DCCXV =715 As, 915 > 715 > 452 So, correct descending order is : P, R, Q 26, (A): Required sum = 141323 + 223142 = 364465 27. (B) : Largest 5- digit number = 99999 Required sum = 99999 + 1 = 100000 28, (D): Runs scored by Abhinav = MMCCCIX = 2309 29. (A): Place value of 6 = 600 Face value of 6 = 6 Sum = 600 + 6 = 606 30. (C) : Greatest 7- digit even number = 9999998 Predecessor of 9999998 = 9999998 ~ 1 = 9999997 31. (©): Sum of place values of the digits in 750640 = 700000 + 50000 + 600 + 40 = 750640 32. (D): Greatest 5-digit number formed from the given digits = 54321 "Successor of 54321 = 54321 + 1 = 54322 33. (©) 34. (A): 5678910 = 5000000 + 600000 + 70000 + 8000 +900-+ 10 35. (A) 36, (B) : Successor of 3008999 = 3008999 + 1 3009000 37. (A): Required sum 38. (C): CMLXIX = 900 + 50 +10 +9 = 969 Predecessor of 969 = 969 - 1 = 968 39. (C) 40. (©) 41. (D): 14675 when rounded off to nearest thousands gives 15000. Q DCCVII = 500 + 100 + 100 +7 = 707 R. CCLXI = 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 2 = 262 Now, 707 > 416 > 262 So, 262 is the smallest. 43. (C) : Greatest possible 7 -digit even number formed from the given digits = 9999318 44. (B): Smallest 4-digit number = 1000 Predecessor of 1000 = 1000 ~ 1 = 999 So, roman numeral of 999 = CMXCIX 45, (A): Sum =4+9=13 46. (B) : (a) False; The face value of 5 in the number 165490 is 5. (b) False; Smallest 5- digit number = 10000 Successor of 10000 = 10000 + 1 = 10001 (©) True 47. (D): (a) MMCDLX 1000 + 1000 + 400 + 50+ 10 2460 (b) CMXLVII = 900 + 40 + 7 = 947 (c) CDXXIV = 400 + 20 +4 = 424 48. (A) 49. (B) 50. (B) : (a) 54679 when rounded offtonearest thousands = 55000 (b) 82465 when rounded off to nearest tens = 82470 (©) 64850 when rounded off to nearest hundreds = 64900 ECPM sso) 1. (©): Smallest 4-digit number = 1000 Greatest 3-digit number = 999 ‘Their sum = 1000 + 999 = 1999 i.e, MCMXCIX 2. (C)+ Place value of 6 at thousands place = 6000 Place value of 6 at lakhs place = 600000 ‘As, 6000 = + (600000) 100 3. (©): (i) 6 millions = 6000000 Predecessor of 6000000 = 6000000 ~ 1 = 5999999 ive. Fifty nine lakh ninety nine thousand nine hundred. and ninety nine. (Gi) Largest 6- digit number = 999999 999999 rounded off to nearest hundreds = 1000000 i.e, smallest 7-digit number. 4. (D): (i) False; In Indian System of numeration, ‘commas are inserted after each period, ii) True (iii) False; Greatest 6- digit odd number formed using, the given digits = 854203 5. (A):A:VII=7 B:XVI= 16 C:XIV = 14 or XXV = 25 6. (B) : Eighty five crore three lakh fifty five thousand thirty nine = 85,03,55,039 7. (B) + (P). Largest 7- digit number = 9999999 Successor of 9999999 = 9999999 + 1 = 10000000 or 10 million (Q), Largest 6-digit number = 999999 Estimated value = 1000000 i.e, smallest 7 -digit number So, Qis false Cala Computation Operations 241 Addition 2.3 Estimating the Sum and Difference 2.5 Division 2.7 Factors and Multiples 2.1 ADDITION “The result of numbers added together in addition ‘operation is called sum. The numbers to be added in an addition are called addends. For example : 5432186 —> Addend +2301213 — Addend 7733399 — Sum Properties of Addition 1. Numbers (addends) can be added in any order, the sum does not change. 2143287 + 3215894] = [5359181 _ = [5215804 + 2143287] 2. When three or more numbers remains same, even if the o changed, [2141623 + 1038714) + 7124803 are added, the sum der of addends is 3. When zero is added to a number, the sum is the number itself 4216854 + 0 (40305140) 32141623 + (1038714 + 7124803)]=[40305140 Te] 4. Addition of | toa number gives the successor of the number. 2516835 + 1 2516836 Successor of 2516835 5. Addition of 10, 100 and 1000 to a number increases, the value of digit at tens, hundreds and thousands place by 1 respectively 2.2 Subtraction 2.4 Multiplication 2.6 Estimating the Multiplication and Division 6415842 + 10] 6415852 “Tens place digit 6415842 + 100 6415942, a Hundreds place digit (6415842 + 1000 6416842 Thousands place digit 2.2 SUBTRACTION ‘The number from which another number is subtracted is called minuend. The number that is to be subtracted is called subtrahend. The result obtained from subtraction is called difference. For example 7256854 —> Minuend 243532 > Subtrahend 2013322 — Difference Properties of Subtraction 1. When 0s subtracted from a number, the difference is the number itself 7256892 - 0 7256892 enemensninemenem Same 2. When minuend is equal to the subtrahend, the difference is zero. 8253451 ~ 8253451 3. When 1 is subtracted from a number, the difference is the predecessor of the number. 3, If the order of numbers is changed, the product will remains same. 5498765 - 1] = [5498764 M5 x 46812 | = 6787740 | = 46812 x 145 Predecessor of 5498765 4, When 10, 100 and 1000 are subtracted from a ‘number, then digit at tens, hundreds and thousands place are decreased by 1 respectively. 4568392 - 10] = [4568382 ‘Tens place digit 4568292 4568392 - 100] = Hundred place digit 4568392 - 1000] = [4567302 “Thousands place digit 2.3 ESTIMATING THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE Estimation is the process of finding an approximate value, We use the concept of rounding off to estimate numbers. For example : If the population of village A is 75396 and that of village B is 45256, then Total population when rounded off to nearest 100 sives = 75400 + 45300 = 120700. Difference of population when rounded off to nearest 1000 gives = 75000 ~ 45000 = 30000. 2.4 MULTIPLICATION We have already studied multiplication in earlier classes. In the same way, we multiply the large numbers by 1, 2, 3 or 4-digit numbers. Properties of Multiplication 1. The product of any number with 1 results the number itself 4235698 x 1 4235698 4. If two or more numbers are multiplied together, then the product will remains same even if numbers (1205 x 15) x 112 | = 5. Multiplication of a number by 10, 100 and 1000 makes the product 10 times, 100 times and 1000 times bigger respectively. 2024400 1205 x (5 x 112) ] = [2024400 94567 x10 | = [ 945670 tT TO times 94567 x 100 | = [ 9456700 t_____¥ 100 times 94567 x 1000 | = [94567000 tT 1000 times 2.5 DIVISION ‘We have already studied division in earlier classes. In the same way, we divide the large numbers by 1, 2 or 3edigit numbers Properties of Division 1. When a number is divided by 1, the quotient is the number (dividend) itself. (652416 = 1 652416 Tf owmpiaa Bite Division by zero is not defined. 2. When zero is divided by any number, the quotient a Same 2. ‘The product of any number with 0 is 0. s269841 x0] = 0 0+ 521689 | = 0 3. When a number is divided by itself, the quotient is. 750423 = 750423] = 1 2.6 ESTIMATING THE MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION Let us learn estimating the multiplication and division with the help of an example. For example > Mansibought 102boxesof shirts. Each boxcontains 85 shirts. Find the total estimated number of shirts she had. (BTS 1. Compare and fill the box. 568972 + 248694 [_] 742861 + 156890 (A) > (B) < O= (D) Can't be determined 2. Fill in the blank. 15000 x 852 = 15000 x (___ + 50 + 2), (as (B) 800 (©) 80 (D) 852 3. Thecost ofan ACis € 75865. What is the estimated 2.7 FACTORS AND MULTIPLES Factors “The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are called its factors. Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6, Factors of 15 are 1, 3,5 and 18. Properties of Factor 1. 1 is the factor of every number and is also the smallest factor of every number. 2. Greatest factor of a number is the number itself 3. Every factor of a number is less than or equal to the number. Df owmpiaa Bite Every number has atleast two factors: 1 and the number itself. Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers > ‘The numbers have only two factors, 1 and the number itself are called prime numbers. 2,3,5,7, 11, 13, are prime numbers, Estimated number of shirts = 100 x 90 = 9000 > Rohan bought 503 cricket bats and pays ® 43450. Find the estimated cost of each bat. (Estimate to nearest thousands). Estimated cost of one bat = %(40000 + 500) = & 80 (A) & 311600 (©) 231160000 (8) 31104000 (D) 2 31104650 4. The product of two numbers is 3133000. If one of them is 520, then find the other number. (A) 6152 B) 6025 (©) 5095 () 6000 5. Subtract three million one hundred one thousand ! fifty from seven million three hundred five thousand | twenty. (A) 13100970 (©) 13200790 (B) 12200980 (D) None of these > The numbers having more than two factors are called composite numbers. 46,89, are composite numbers. Df owmpiaa Bite ‘1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number. ‘2s the smallest and only even prime number Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) ‘The greatest number that divides both the numbers without leaving any remainder is the H.C.P. of the numbers, For example Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12, Factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18. ‘The common factors of 12 and 18 are 1, 2,3 and 6. The highest common factor of 12 and 18 is 6. So, H.C.F, (12, 18) = 6. Using Prime Factor 2[ 6 3] 9 3] 3 3] 3 1 1 Here, common prime factors of above two numbers are 2 and 3, F. (12, 18) =2x3=6 [Fovmoiaa Bite The [Link]. of given numbers cannot be greater than any of the given numbers Multiples ‘A multiple is any number which is the product of the number and any counting number. For example : Multiples of 5 are 5x 1, 5 x 2,5 x 3, i.e, 5,10, 15, Properties of Multiples 1. Every number is a multiple of itself, 2. Smallest multiple of a number is the number itself, 3. There is no largest multiple of a number. 4. Every number is a multiple of 1 owmpiaa Bite We can find infinitely many mutiples for any given number. BS ee 1, Find the common factors of 75 and 90. (A) 1, 3and 5 (B) 1, 5and 15, (©) 13,5 and 15 (D) 5,3 and 15, (ay 1 (B) 2 3 wa 3. Numbers which have more than two factors are called, numbers. ie is the smallest prime number. Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.) ‘The LCM. of two oF more numbers is the smallest number that can be divided by those numbers without leaving a remainder. For example Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, Here, smallest (least) common multiple of 5 and 6 is 30. So, LCM. (5, 6) = 30 Using Prime Factorisation Method L.C.M. of 14 and 12 2| 4 2) 2 77 2/6 1 $0, LCM. (12, 4) = 2x 2% 7x3 = 84 Df owmpiaa Bite ‘© LCM of two numbers is always greater than or equal to one ofthe numbers © HCE x LOM. Product of two numbers. (A) Composite (B) Prime (C) Ordinal (D) None of these : 4. HCE. of 140 and 200 is i (as (B) 10 : 7 (D) 20 H 5. LGM. of 45 and 105 is : (a) 45 ) 105 : © 315 (D) 405 : EXERCISE 1. Find the H.C. of 145 and 245, (as (6 os (py 49 2. Sum of greatest and smallest factor of 1728 is (a) 1728, (8) 1729 (© 1800 (D) 4230 3. Find the greatest number which divides 30 and 45 leaving no remainder in each case. a) 15 () 18 © 10 (5 4. Find the sum of the smallest 7-digit number and the greatest 6-digit number formed by using digits 5,6, 3, 4and 1 (each digit must be used atleast once. (A) 2356 (B) 1245689 (©) 1778879 (D) 1778887 5. The quotient when 260820 is divided by 36 (A) 7354 (B) 6245 (©) 7245 (D) 7562 6. Subtract 3° multiple of 40 from the 5" multiple of 46 gives (a) 80 (B) 110 © 150 () 75 7. Find the number of prime factors of 240. 3 4 ©2 co ‘8 What will you get, if you divide smallest 8-digit number by 125? (A) 80000 (B) 8000 (© 10000 (D) 1000 9. Which of the following is prime? (a) 41 (B) 85 (© () 95 10. ‘The population of a city is 1045693, Out of these 532564 are males. How many females are there? (a) 612710 (B) 412568 (©) 513129 (D) None of these 11. There are prime numbers between 20 and 85, (a) 10 Or 12, Find the estimated sum of 200534 and 345126 by rounding off each to the nearest hundreds. (A) 640600 (B) 545600 (© 545700 (B) 540700 13, Subtract the sum of 2456837 and 2568398 from 6897252. (A) 1792084 (© 2384071 @) 15 (p) 18 (8) 1652092 (D) 1872017 14, (Nikita had & 105689 in her account. She withdraws 7.5689 on one day and deposit € 8569 on other day. How much money in her account now? (a) €156870 (B) 120682 (©) 108569 (D) 96280 15, An NGO involves distributing of 925920 books for poor children in 45 cities equally. How many books will be distributed in each city? (A) 30526 (©) 20224 (B) 14059 (D) 20576 16, What must be added to 3412058 to get 10 millions? (A) 6587942 (B) 6578592 (©) 5678924 (D) 6587402 17. Which of the following are the multiples of 4 and 9? (a) 80 (8) 99 © 108 (D) 84 18. The number of factors of any prime number (a2 ©3 1 (4 19. Find the difference of greatest and smallest 5-digit number formed from the digits 3,5, 2 and 9 (using each Aigits atleast once). (A) 77252 (B) 65216 (© 7173 (D) 70125 20, Find the value of MMMCCXCVI + MCCXLVL (A) 5460 (B) 5462 (© 4550 (D) 4542 21. Which of the following is greatest? (A) 3% multiple of 18 (B) 2" multiple of 12 (©) 4 multiple of 17 (D) 5* multiple of 14 22, Sohan sold 825 refrigerators at ® 20590 each. Find, the total money earned by him. (a) & 15287025 (B) & 16986750 (©) & 25695760 (D) None of these 23, In a garden, there are 2995 plants in I row. If each, row has the same number of plants, then how many plants are there in 128 rows? (A) 383360 (B) 286590 (©) 372560 (D) 296570 24, Compare and fill the box. MMCCLII+ CCxxxvi[_ ]MCCCXIV + MCCXVI (a> ®) < ©= (D) Cant be determined 25. What should be added to 3" multiple of 16 to get 5 multiple of 18? (a) 38 ox () 40 () 32 26. Two ropes 12. m and 18 m long are to be cut into small pieces of equal lengths. What will be the maximum length of each piece? (4) 5m @) 6m © 7m (>) 8m 27. ‘There are 2168 boxes of biscuits. Each box contains 120 packet of biscuits. How many packets of biscuits are there? (A) 260160 (B) 260100 (©) 260600 (D) 250840 28. Estimate the difference between 42163456 and, 51620132, if the numbers are rounded off to the nearest thousands, (A) 9890400 (B) 9321000 (©) 8590000 (D) 9457000 29. Add three million three hundred two thousand thirty ‘with six million two hundred one thousand twenty. (A) 8050030 (B) 9503050 (©) 9500350 (D) 6305010 30. ‘Three bells ring ofintervals of 12, 15 and 20 minutes. If they all ring at 6 a.m. together, then at what time will they next ring together? (A) 6:30am, (© 6:45am. (B) 7:05am, (D) 7:00am, 31. The sum of (product of 2” multiple of 10 and 5" multiple of 7) and 19 is (a) 719 (B) 700 © 619 () 721 32, A company earned % 46,72,000 in a year. If the expenses were & 7,56,824, then how much money was saved? (A) % 16,84,591 (8) % 28,10,219 (© 3 38,14,198 (D) % 39.15.1765 33. Which two numbers gives the product 675924? (A) 7268 x 93 (B) 6428 x 84 (©) 7520 x 82 (D) 6419 x 97 34, Salary of a person is € 42570 per month. How much total salary did he earn in a year? (A) 8 620540 (B) & 512750 (©) % 510840 (D) % 410760 35. A library has 30 racks. Each rack is fitted with 25 shelves and there are 50 books in each shelf. Find the total number of books in the library. (a) 28150 (B) 42500 (©) 36150 (D) 37500 36. Which of the following is true? (A) 82599 + 0=0 (B) 0+ 82683 = 0 (©) 72598 x 1=1 (D) None of these 37. Akshit collected 90528 stickers. He distributes the stickers equally among his 12 friends. How many stickers did each friend get? (A) 6420 (B) 7544 (©) 7210 (D) 6894 38. The product of 214 and a number is X. Taking 49 away from X gives 1449. Find the number. 7 (B) 9 © 1498 (D) 1640 39, Least common multiple of 15,20 and 40s (a) 80 @) 110 © 120 ©) 140 40. A fruit seller has 69875 apples. He has to pack them in boxes, with each box containing 325 apples. Find the number of boxes required to pack all the apples. (a) 225 @) 31s © 215 (©) 205 41. 7 multiple of 18 is more than the 5° multiple of 13. (a) st © 6 (B) 120 (D) 59 42. How many composite numbers are there between 35 and 50? (a) 10 @es or (un 43. Compare and fill the box. 9549 x 38[ _ ]7256 + 8590 (> (B) < ©= (D) Can't be determined 44, Evaluate CDLXVII + MCCXV ~ CMXXIX (a) 820 (B) 753 (9 61s (p) 710 45, Find the sum of greatest and smallest 6-digit numbers that can be formed by using the digits 2,1, 0and 8 (using ‘each digit atleast once). (A) 998138 (©) 978168 Achievers Section (HOTS) 16 t+ Q=270 A+O+O+O= wars and B+ A+O-s00. then A+ +O +O= (B) 988238 (D) None of these (a) 4280 (8) 4690 (©) 5530 (D) 5215 Find the value of 2*R=S 47. Find the value of Bows A ase) 837270 we 7 4 @ = 2 ©z ot 48. Which of the following options is correct? Statement p : The HCF of two given numbers cannot be greater than the LCM of these numbers. Statement q: The LCM of two numbers is the least number that divides both the numbers without leaving any remainder. (A) Both Statement p and Statement q are true. (B) Both Statement p and Statement q are false (©) Statement p is true but Statement q is false. (D) Statement p is false but Statement q is true. -%@- and ee Q= 50. then find the value of| Ore (A) 50 (C) 48 50. Inatovn, there ate wo publicbraris, The number Of books in first library is 4,52,568 and the number of books in second library is 3,46,802. (i) Find the total number of books in both the libraries. (Gi) How many more books does the first library have than second library? 49. If (B) 56 (D) 52 @ a) (A) 546,894 105,766 (B) 643,508 2,04,689 (© 7.99370 1,085,766 (D) 799,370 2,52,708 Ree sans 1. Find the sum of the common prime factors of 168 and 315, (a) 10 ©3 7 (D9 (Level-s) DD bd bd i] (a3 (© 82 (B) 49 (D) 98 3. Find the number which s 2529 more than the number shown on the abacus. (Lovel-s) LTTH TH H TO (B) 141302 (D) None of these (Level-) (A) 143831 (© 16661 4, Which of the following has the greatest value? (A) 30 tens more than 50 hundreds (B) 70 ones more than 300 tens (C) 20 ones less than 30 tens (D) 60 hundreds less than 8 thousands (Levet-t) 5. Ifanumber M is multiplied by 16 and 989 is added, then the answer obtained is 2749. Find twice of the number M, (a) 110 (B) 220 (©) 400 () 560 (Lovet) 6. Divya reads 225 pages every day except on Sunday and Thursday. How many pages does she read in 9 weeks? (A) 10,320 (B) 10,125 (©) 11245 (D) 12,040 (Levelt) 7. Karan has 52920 balls. He has to pack them in boxes, with each box containing 420 balls. Find the number of boxes required to pack all the balls (a) 120 (B) 215 © 126 ©) 150 (Levelt) 8. A gardener plants 312250, 234278 and 143581 trees “onthree successive months. How many trees did he plant in all three months? (A) 690109 (©) 900999 9. Fill in the blanks. (i) Thereare__P__ prime numbers between 73 and 94. (ii) Least common multiple of 32, 36 and 72is_Q (iii) The smallest number that can be divided by the given numbers without leaving any remainder is (B) 990109 (D) 890109 (Levelt) ne (iv) If 443272 is divided by 268, then is the remainder. P QR s (A) 5 108 HCE 1654 (8) 3 288 ~=LCM oO (4 162 LCM 1252 (D)5 254 LCM 987 (Level-t) 10. In an examination, marks obtained by three boys, are as follows : ‘Tarun : Second multiple of 32 ‘Manish : Fifth multiple of 17 Vishal : Greatest factor of 45 Which of the following shows the correct descending ‘order of boys according to their marks? (A) Tarun, Manish, Vishal (B) Manish, Tarun, Vishal (C) Vishal, Tarun, Manish (D) Tarun, Vishal, Manish (Levert) 11. Add the 4° multiple of 52 and the 8" multiple of 37. ‘The value obtained is 700 less than di. Find the value of + (a) 1400 (B) 504 (©) 968 (D) 1204 (overt) 2. ‘@C@ A---£-@ = 75, then what isthe value «fe (a) 400 (B) 475 (© 465 (D) 480 (Level-s) 13, Find the sum of all factors of 243. (a) 364 (B) 121 (© 120 (D) 363 (Levert) 14, A factory manufactures 2530900 pens in a month. ‘The factory gota order to fill 17608 cartons with 144 pens each. How many more pens should it manufacture to complete the order? (a) 4260 (B) 4652 (© 3421 (D) 5625 (Level-t) 15, An NGO earned % 50480 in a month. If the total expenses were ¥ 36500 per month, then how much money ‘was saved in one year? (A) © 234060 (©) & 167760 (B) € 613700 (D) 7117340 (Lovett) 16, Ina garden, there are 403354 plants in 329 rows If-each row has the same number of plants, then how ‘many plants are there in 115 rows? (A) 104099 (B) 149900 (©) 149090 (D) 140990 (Levelt) 17. Find the value of (+ )(P 5) 14 9B) 132523 0 9fs42 ~132__ (a) 5 © 0 (Levelt) 18, The value of (MDCLX + MMCCIX) - (MDCIV, + CMXLVD = (a) MccIx (B) Mccerx (©) Mcccxix (D) Mccxix 19. Which of the following options shows the correct prime factorisation of 72 ? (Level2) © (Level-2) 20. A certain number when divided by 3 gives a remainder of 1. The same number when divided by 4 gives a remainder of 3. Which of the following can be the number? (a) 109 (71 © 8 (D) 79 (Lovet-2) 21, How much greater is the smallest 5-digit number ‘with all different digits than the largest 4-digit number with all different digits? (A) 2469 (B) 88889 © 358 (D) 2464 (Lovet-2) 22. yx is twice the difference between the 6” and the 10" multiple of 7. Find J. (A) 38 (B) 56 (©) 60 (D) 28 (Lovet-2) 23. Find the HCF and LCM respectively of 42, 63 and 105. (A) 7,630 (B) 21,1260 (©) 21,630 (D) 7.1260 (Lover.2) 24, Rashi think of a 6-digit number. Find the number using the given clues. > “The digit at thousands place is more than the digit at tens place by 5. it at lakhs place is HCE of 3 and 7. it at tens place is the smallest odd prime number. ‘The digit at ten thousands place is 3" multiple of 2 ‘The digit at ones place is 4 less than the digit at ten thousands place. > “The digit at hundreds place is product of digit at lakhs place and ones place. (A) 166212 (B) 158232 (©) 168232 (D) 756212 (Lovet-2) a0Q+©-Gp- fp @ OC: &-» and & -« > = 120, then the value of @:¢-¢:0 (A) 780, (B) 1020 (©) 1180 (D) 880 (Level-2) HINTS & EXPLANATIONS Peace Bens 1. (B): 568972 + 248694 = 817666 742861 + 156890 = 899751 And, 81766 ©) 899751 2. (B): 15000 x 852 = 15000 x (800 + 50 + 2) 3. (C): Cost of 1 AC = % 75865 Estimated cost of 1 AC = & 76000 So, estimated cost of 410 ACS = & (76000 x 410) 31160000 4. (B): Let the other number be x. According to question, we have 520 x x= 3193000 = x= 3133000 » 520 S x= 602 5. (D): Seven million three hundred five thousand, twenty = 7,305,020 ‘Three million one hundred one thousand fifty = 3,101,050 Required difference = 7,305,020 ~ 3,101,050 = 4,203,970 1. (©): Factors of 75 = 1, 3,5, 15, 25 and 75 Factors of 90= 1,2, 3, 5, 6,9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45 and 90 Common factors of 75 and 90 = 1,3, 5, 1. 2 @) 3. (A) 4. (D): Prime factorisation of 140 and 200 is. Alby 2 So, 140 =2x 2% 5x7 200 =2x 2x2 5x5 [Link] (140, 200) = 2x 25 = 20 5. (C): Prime factorisation of 45 and 105 is, 3 [4s 3 | 105 3 [1s 3 1 T So, LCM. (45, 105) = 3x 3x 5x 7=315 1. (©: 5 | 145 2 29 | 29 49 1 7A . T [Link]=5 2. (B): Greatest factor of 1728 = Smallest factor of 1728 = 1 Their sum = 1728 + 1 = 1729. 3. (A): Required number is the H.C.F. of 30 and 45, 2|30 3 [45 3 is 3 fas Si tl r 1 So, H.C (30, 4 4. (D): Smallest 7-digit number formed from the given digits = 1113456 Greatest 6-digit number formed from the given digits = 665431 Required sum = 1113456 + 665431 = 1778887 7245 36) 260800 6. (B): 3" multiple of 40 = 40 x 3 = 120 5 multiple of 46 = 46 x Required difference = 230 - 120 = 110 7. (A): Prime factorisation of 240 is, 2 | 240 20 60 2 2] 2 aps" 3[37 Prime factors of 240 are 2, 3 and 5. 8. (A): Smallest 8-digit number = 10000000 So, 10000000 + 125 = 80000. 9. (A) 10. (C): Population of the city = 1045693 532564 11. (B) : Prime numbers between 20 and 85 are 23,29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79 and 83 i. 15 in number. 12. (B) : 200534 when rounding offto nearest hundreds gives 200500 and 345126 when rounding off to nearest hundreds gives 345100, Required sum = 200500 + 345100 = 545600. 13, (D): Sum of 2456837 and 2568398 2456837 + 2568398 = 5025235 Required difference = 6897252 ~ 5025235 872017 14, (©): Amount of money in her account now (105689 ~ 5689 + 8569) = = 108569 15, (D): Number of books distributed in 45 cities 125920 Number of books distributed in 1 city 925920 + 45 = 20576 16. (A): Required number 10000000 ~ 3412058 = 6587942 17. (©) 18. (A): Factors of any prime number is either 1 or the number itself. (C): Greatest 5-di given digits = 99532 Smallest 5-digit number formed from the given digits = 22359 Required difference = 99532 - 22359 = 77173. 20, (D): MMMCCXCVI + MCCXLVI 3296 + 1246 = 4542 21, (D): (A) 3° multiple of 18 = 54 (B) 2" multiple of 12 = 24 (©) 4° multiple of 17 = 68 (D) 5* multiple of 14 = 70 2, (B) : Total money earned = & (20590 x 825) 16986750 23. (A): Total number of plants = 2995 x 128 = 383360. number formed from the 24, (B) : MMCCLII + CCXXXVI = 2252 + 236 = 2488 MCCCXIV + MCCXVI = 1314 + 1216 = 2530 As, 2488 [ < ]2530 25, (C): 3" multiple of 16 5 multiple of 18 = 18 x 5 So, required number = 90 - 48 = 42. 26. (B) : Maximum length of each piece is the H.C.F. of 12 and 18 2 [4s 26m 23 (9 3 3/3 1 1 HCE (12, 18) =2x3=6 Maximum length of each piece = 6 m 27. (A): Number of boxes = 2168 Number of packets of biscuits in each box = 120 So, total number of packets of biscuits = 2168 x 120 = 260160 28. (D): 42163456 when rounding off to the nearest thousands becomes 42163000. 51620132 when rounding off to the nearest thousands, becomes 51620000. Required difference = 51620000 ~ 42163000 457000 29. (B) : Required sum = 3302030 + 6201020 = 9503050 30, (D): 2 | 12, 15, 20 15, 10 LGM. (12, 15, 20) = 2x2 x3 x5 = 60 So, the bells will ring together 60 minutes after 6 a.m. fies at 7 a.m, 31. (A): Product = 2” multiple of 10 x 5" multiple of 7 0 x 35 = 700 Required sum = 700 + 19 =719 32, (D): Amount earned in a year = @ 46,72,000 Expenses = & 7, 56, 824 ‘Amount of money saved (46,72,000 ~ 7,56,824) 39,15,176 33, (A): 7268 x 93 = 675924 34, (C): Per month salary of a person = ® 42570 Amount of money earned in a year = ¥ (42570 x 12) = 510840 35. (D): Total number of books in the library = 30 x 25 x 50 = 37500 36. (B) 37. (B) : Number of stickers collected = 90528 Number of stickers each friend get 528 + 12 = 7544 38. (A): According to question, we have X~ 49 = 1449 = X = 1449 + 49 = 1498 Now, required number = 1498 + 214 = 7 39. (©): 2 | ai 2 LOM. =2x2x2x3x5=120 40. (C): Total number of apples = 69875, Namber of apples in 1 box = 325 s Number of boxes required = 69875 + 325 41, (C): 7" multiple of 18 = 7 x 18 = 126 5° multiple of 2 Required differenc 42, (A): Composite numbers are : 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48 and 49 i... 10 in number. 43, (A): 9549 x 38 = 362862 7256 + 8590 = 15846 And, 362862 > 15846 44, (B) : CDLXVII + MCCXV ~ CMXXIX 167 + 1215 - 929 = 753, 43, (B) : Greatest 6-digit number formed from the given digits = 888210 Smallest 6-digit number formed from the given digits 100028 Required sum = 888210 + 100028 = 988238 46. (C): We have, A-+O-70 0 ana A +Q+Q+Q= 1024 => 3710+2()= 10214 (Using () = 2Q= 10214-2710 = 2@-«u = Qe 6504 02-3282 Now, J\ +3252 = 3710 = A= s0-352=458 Also, we have + A+Q-=«s0 = D+ 3710-4620 (Using (0) So, P=3,Q=5,R=4and P+R-S_344 Q 5 48. (A) 49. (B): We have, [7] x As, 6 x 6 = 36 so, [J-«6 =36 Hence, = 6448 42=56 :O: 50. (C): (i) Total number of books = 452,568 + 3,46,802 = 799,370 (ii) Required difference 568 ~ 346,802 = 1,05,766 Eee ssn) 1. (A): Prime factorisation of 168 = 2.x 2x 2x3 x7 Prime factorisation of 315 = 3 x 3x57 ‘Common prime factors of 168 and 315 are 3 and 7. So, sum =3+7=10 2 «wp: wenae. p25 28+ ain Dp Dee OP 3. (A): Number shown on abacus = 141302 So, required number = 141302 + 2529 = 143831 4. (A): (A) 30 x 10 + 50 x 100 = 300 + 5000 =5300 (B) 70 x 1 + 300 x 10 =70 + 3000 = 3070 (©) 30x 10 - 20 x 1 = 300 - 20 = 280 (D) 8 x 1000 — 60 x 100 = 8000 ~ 600 5. (B): We have, (M x 16) + 98 => 16M = 2749 - 989 = 16M = 1760 = M= 1760+ 16 = 110 twice of M = 2 x 110 = 220 6. (B) : Number of days on which Divya reads pages in a week = 5 Number of pages she reads in 1 day = 225 So, total pages she reads in 9 weeks = 9x5 x 225 5 x 225 = 10125, 7. (C): Total number of balls = 52920 Number of balls in 1 box = 420 So, number of boxes required = 52920 + 420 = 126 8. (A): Total number of trees planted 312250 + 234278 + 143581 = 690109 9. (B) : (i) Prime numbers between 73 and 94 are 79, 83, 89 ie, 3 in number. (ii) LCM, of 32, 36 and 72 is 288. (iii) LCM. is the smallest number that on dividing by the given numbers leaves 0 remainder. (iv) 443272 + 268 = 1654 So, remainder is 0 10, (B) : Marks obtained by Tarun = Second multiple of 32 = 64 Marks obtained by Manish = Fifth multiple of 17 = 85, Marks obtained by Vishal = Greatest factor of 4 ‘The correct descending order of boys according to their marks is : Manish, Tarun, Vishal 11. (D):4® multiple of 52 = 208 8" multiple of 37 = 296 So, sum = 208 + 296 = 504 ‘Now, 504 = dp - 700 = = 700+ 504 = 1204 12, (B): We have, @@a-~ o) 275; “EEE = Be 25-25-12 > G2 3-0 fy 400 + 75 = 475 13, (A): Factors of 243 are 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243 So, required sum = 143 +9 +27 +81 +243 = 364 14, (B): Number of pens manufactures in a month 1530900 ‘Number of pens ordered = 17608 x 144 = 2535552 So, number of more pens should manufacture to complete the order = 2535552, - 2530900 = 4652 15. (C): Amount of money earned in a month = Total expenses in a month = % 36500 So, total amount of money saved in one month (60480 ~ 36500) = € 13980 Total amount of money saved in one year (13980 x 12) = & 167760 16, (D): Number of plants in 329 rows = 403354 403354 50480 Number of plants in 115 rows = xs = 140990 11714 9) 17. (B): 132/23 0 915]42 So, P=7, Q=4, R= 6 and (QtR+P Hence, Ss 18. (©): (MDCLX + MMCCDQ) - (MDCIV + CMXLVD) = (1660 + 2209) ~ (1604 + 946) 3869 ~ 2550 = 1319 = MCCCXIX . (B) . (D) |. (C): Smallest 5-digit number = 10234 Largest 4-digit number = 9876 s+ Required difference = 10234 - 9876 = 358 2, (B) : 6% multiple of 7 = 42 10 multiple of 7 = 70 Difference = 70 - 42 = 28 So, or = 228 = 56 23. (©): 2|42 3] 63 3 | 105 3[21 3 {a 35 77 77 7 T a al HE =3x7=21 LOM. = 2x 3x3 x5 x7 = 630 24, (C) + Digit at lakhs place = HCP. (3,7) Digit at tens place = Smallest odd prime number = 3 Digit at ten thousands place = 3" multiple of 2 = 6 Digit at ones place = 6 ~ 4 = 2 Digit at thousands place = 3 + 5 =8 Digit at hundreds place = 1 x 2 = 2 So, required number = 168232 25, (A): Since, & - @ =120 sx [Bp - 020-10 von @+ © + Ep» = B10 80-10 »©:66-C¢ = 230 + 160 + 160 + 230 = 780 Cala Fractions and Decimals 3.1 Fredion 32 3.3 Comparison of Fractions 34 35. Decimals 36 3.7. Types of Decimals 38 3.9. Adcition and Subtraction of Decimals Types of Fractions Operations on Fractions Conversion of Decimals Comparing Decimals, 3.1 FRACTION A fraction is a part of a whole. If a whole thing is divided into equal parts, their each partis a fraction. Number of equal parts that have been taken Fraction == ee ‘Total number of equal parts 3.2 TYPES OF FRACTIONS Proper Fraction Fractions having numerator less than the denominator, 35 77 For example Improper Fraction Fractions having denominator less than the numerator. 8 For example : Like Fraction Fractions having same denominator. For example Unlike Fraction Fractions having different denominator. For example 8 un Unit Fraction Fractions having 1 as numerator. For example Equivalent Fraction “Two fractions are said to be equivalent fractions, when they have the same value. For example : > and 1 are ‘equivalent fractions. Mixed Fraction ‘The combination of whole number and proper fraction are called mixed fraction, For example 3.3 COMPARISON OF FRACTIONS Like fractions or fractions with same denominator Fractions with smaller numerator is smaller. 6 For example e 7°7 Fractions with same numerator Fractions with smaller denominator is greater. 4 4 For example: 4 . 9 Fractions with different numerator and denominator Consider : 4/5 and 5/7 (a) Cross Multiplication Step-1 : Cross multiply the fractions ie, 4%7 = 28 and 5x5 405 ince 28 > 25 = +>2 7 Step~ (b) By converting into like fractions Step LCM. of denominators (and 5) =35 Convert gen actonsnolike actions jas $2 apa iS a P57 Step-3 : Now compare numerators As 25<28 3 eB 5.4 359357 <5 3.4 OPERATIONS ON FRACTIONS Addi > Like fractions : Add 2 and 4 ise 5 n and Subtra 7+4_U 15 9 2 > Subtract from = Subtract from 1 293 77 > Unlike Fractions : First convert the given fractions into like fractions and then proceed as discussed above. Subtract 2 from 4 7 4_5_ 4x7. 57 35 3535 > Mixed Fractions Method 1 : Add/subtract the wholes and fractional parts separately. Add ‘Method 2 : First convert mixed fractions into improper fractions and then proceed as above. atl and4t= 78 55 "6 6 LCM. of 5 and 6 = 30 IG6x6 _96 4 25x5_125 5x6 30 xs 30 ELF TEST - 1 1 @ 5 () 221 30 a 30 Multiplication > Fraction by a fraction : Product of numerators Product of denominators 2 42x48 5x7 35 > Fraction by a whole number : Multiply a fraction by whole number is obtained by multiplying the ‘numerator by that whole number and denominator by 1 For example Product of fractions = For example Division > Division of a whole number by a fraction : Divide 18 by 2. ¥ 9 n by another fraction : 5 7_ 5.18 ‘© Reciprocal of fraction means interchanging the numerator and denominator ofthe given fraction. In division of fractions, change the divisor to its reciprocal and multiply it withthe given dividend. 2. Find the missing number in the box. (a) 37 (© 40 3. Compare and fil the box. aly 3; 7 a5 7has 5 > B® < (D) Can't be determined 4, Find the value of 42-1346 rarer 1 ®) 95 1 wy 3.5 DECIMALS Decimal form isan another way to represent a number. In decimal form, there are two parts : whole and fractional. For example Whole parte) eon part Decimal point Here, 15.25 is read as fifteen point two five. Tenths +L is represented as 0.1 in the decimal form, 10 Shaded fraction = 10 Decimal form = 0.3 Hundredths 1 is represented as 0.01 in the decimal form, 100 Thousandths 3 in decimal is represented as 0.013. 1000 3.6 CONVERSION OF DECIMALS Whole Numbers into Decimals ‘The number 18 can be written in decimal form as 18.0 Decimals into Fractions Step 1 : Write the decimal number divided by 1. 1 1 © 45 ©) 35 5. Kin ought apes and srt £ ofthe to poor children, How many apples will be lft with ! her? (A) 64 (B) 20 (© 16 (D) 24 Step 2: Multiply both numerator and denominator by 10, 100 or 1000 depending upon the number of digits after the decimal point. For example : Reduce it to lowest form. 25.013 _25.013%1000 _ 25013 1000 1000 (As there are 3 digits after decimal point) Df ovmpiad site ‘There is no fractional (decimal) part in whole numbers 25.013 While converting a fraction with denominator as 10, 100, 1000 into decimals, shift the decimal point by 1, 2, 3 places to the eft respectively. 3.7 TYPES OF DECIMALS Equivalent Decimals ‘Two decimals may be look different but represent the same value. For example : 0.8 and 0.80 are equivalent decimals Like Decimals Decimal numbers having same number of decimal places. For example : 0.714 and 0.568 Unlike Decimals Decimal numbers having different number of decimal places. For example : 0.8 and 0.24 3.8 COMPARING DECIMALS Compare 56.568 and 56.548, Step-1 : Compare the whole parts. 56.568 same 36,548 Step-2 : Compare the tenth digits. 56,568 36,548 Step-3 : Compare the hundredth digits. 56,568 64 56,548 Hence, 56.568 > 56.548 BS 1. Find the place value of digits 7 in 4105.378. (a7 ws 0 og (0) 70 2. Find the shaded decimal part of given igure. (A) 0.5 () 02 (© oa (D) 04 3. Arrange the given decimal numbers in ascending order. 3.9 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF DECIMALS Step 1 : Change the given decimals to like decimals. Step 2 : Line up the decimal points, ie. the addends are placed one below the other such that the tens digit is below tens, ones is below ones, decimal points below the decimal point, tenths below the tenths and so on. Step 3: Add as in case of whole numbers. (Carry wherever necessary) Step 4: Place the decimal point in the sum directly below the decimal points in the addends. 5.2, 5.02, 5.002 (A) 5.002, 5.02,5.2(B) 5.02, 5.002, 5.2 (©) 5.2,5.002, 502 (D) 5.2, 5.02, 5.002 4. Subtract 42.35 from 814.49 (a) 768.28 (®) 7214 (©) 786.82 (D) 751.12 5. Compare and fill the box. 8 tens 24 hundredths | B) < (D) Can't be determined { 7 tens 45 hundredths| (A) > O= EXERCISE 1. Find the shaded fraction of the given figure. «a @ © ©) 2. Which ofthe following fractions are in order from the greatest to the least? 212 a) 2,32 O23 122 263 3. Which ofthe following decimals i smallest? (A) 0.305 (B) 0035 (©) 0.350 (D) 00053 © 4. A vessel had 321 of milk, A dog drank + 1 from vessel. How much milk was left in the vessel? L 1 GL @) 351 2 1 © GL @) 34L 5. A bag contains 18 red balls and 12 white balls. What fraction of the balls is white? 1 2 (A) 5 (B) A 3 4 (c¢) 3 (D) 3 6. Priyahad 4500 mi. of juice. She used 2 of ton the frst day and + of ton the second day. How much juce was left? (A) 1280 mL. (B) 1920 mL (©) 1575 mL (D) 1680 mL. 7. 80 ones 2 tenths and 4 hundredths is same as (A) 80.24 (B) 8024 (© 80.06 (D) 8.24 ‘8. What fraction of the given figure is unshaded? (B) 3/4 (D) 213 (a) 215 © 13 9. What must be subtracted from the sum of 34 and 3 Stoget 42 > 1 73 @) 4% “7h © 7 (@) 55 1 10. Vinita uses + cup of apple sauce in place of every + ep of app Pl y 3 ap ofbuterinkercookeip, Whatthe quanti ‘of apple sauce will Vinita use in place of 1 cup of butter? L 1 (a) Soup (®) Fcup 2 3 ©) Zeup D) 2 cup (©) Four (0) Four 3 11. There are eighths in 42 —__ ie 7 (A) 38 (B) 19 (©) 8 (0) 20 12, In 18.495, the place value of the digit 9is__. (a9 (B) 90 (©) 09 (D) 0.09 13. ‘The shaded decimal part of the given figure is (a) 048 (B) 0.25 © 520 (D) 2.50 14, What fraction of the given figure is shaded? 1 3 ay + B) > “Wy ® 5 3 1 oO = (D) = OF 5 15. 11 thousands +14 hundreds +15 hundredths + 8 thousandths = (A) 12380.158 (© 12400.058 (B) 11400.158 (D) 12400.158

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