Chapter 1: Force produce a clockwise
moment? Give a reason.
1. A uniform meter rule is balanced
at the 40 cm mark when a weight o If the clockwise moment is
of 10 gf is suspended from the 5 equal to the anti-clockwise
cm mark. Draw a diagram of the moment, what can you say
arrangement. From the diagram, about the rotational state
calculate the mass of the meter of the body?
rule. (ICSE 2012)
12. What is the center of gravity of a
2. Define moment of force and state body? Does the position of the
its S.I. unit. center of gravity of a body change
with a change in its shape?
3. A boy weighing 30 kgf is sitting at a
distance of 1.5 m from the fulcrum 13. Explain how the position of the
of a seesaw. Where should a boy center of gravity of a body affects
weighing 40 kgf sit to balance the its stability.
seesaw?
14. A body is acted upon by two
4. A force of 10 N acts on a body at a forces, each of magnitude 50 N,
distance of 0.5 m from the pivot. but acting in opposite directions at
Calculate the moment of force. a distance of 10 cm from each
other. Calculate the moment of the
5. What is the principle of moments?
couple.
6. Explain why a wrench with a longer
15. A circular disc is pivoted at its
handle is preferred to tighten a
center. A force of 20 N is applied
nut.
tangentially to the disc at a radius
7. Define a couple. State two of 20 cm. Calculate the moment of
examples of a couple in daily life. force.
8. Why is the handle of a hand flour
grinder located near its
Chapter 2: Work, Power, and Energy
circumference?
1. A body of mass 2 kg is lifted
9. Name the type of force that keeps
vertically upwards through a
a body in uniform circular motion.
height of 5 m. Calculate:
What is the direction of this force?
o The work done against
10. Differentiate between a uniform
gravity.
and a non-uniform circular
motion. o The potential energy
gained by the body. (Take
11. The diagram shows two forces, F1
g=10 m/s2).
and F2, acting on a body. The body
is pivoted at O. 2. What is the relationship between
Work and Energy?
o Which of the two forces, F1
or F2, is most likely to
3. A boy of mass 40 kg climbs up 30 electrical energy consumed in
steps, each 20 cm high, in 4 joules and in kilowatt-hours.
minutes. Calculate the work done
15. A body of mass 10 kg is at a height
by the boy.
of 20 m. Calculate the kinetic
4. Define Power. State its S.I. and energy of the body just before it
commercial unit. hits the ground.
5. A machine does 1000 J of work in
20 s. Calculate the power of the
Chapter 3: Machines
machine.
1. Define mechanical advantage,
6. When is the work done by a force
velocity ratio, and efficiency of a
negative? Give one example.
machine.
7. A stone of mass 200 g is thrown
2. A machine has a velocity ratio of 5.
vertically upwards with a velocity
It lifts a load of 100 N with an
of 20 m/s. Calculate the potential
effort of 25 N. Calculate its
energy at the highest point. (Take
mechanical advantage and
g=10 m/s2).
efficiency.
8. State the law of conservation of
3. Why is the efficiency of a practical
energy.
machine always less than 100%?
9. Give a brief explanation of how the
4. State the relation between MA,
potential energy of a body changes
VR, and efficiency.
to kinetic energy when it falls
freely. 5. What is an ideal machine? State its
efficiency.
10. A hydroelectric power plant
converts one form of energy into 6. Why is a jack screw, used for lifting
another. Name the energy changes a car, provided with a long handle?
that take place in the plant.
7. A pulley system has a velocity ratio
11. Differentiate between work and of 4. What is the minimum number
power. of pulleys in this system?
12. A car of mass 1000 kg is 8. Draw a diagram of a block and
accelerated from rest to a speed of tackle system with a velocity ratio
10 m/s in 5 s. Calculate the power of 3.
delivered by the engine. (Neglect
9. Identify the class of lever and give
friction).
an example for each of the
13. Give a real-life example where following:
work is not done, even though a
o Nutcracker
force is applied.
o Human forearm
14. An electric heater of power 2 kW is
used for 5 hours. Calculate the o Crowbar
10. Why is the mechanical advantage 5. Define the critical angle. State the
of a Class III lever always less than conditions required for total
1? internal reflection.
11. How is the velocity ratio of a single 6. The critical angle for glass is 42∘.
movable pulley calculated? What is the refractive index of the
glass?
12. A pulley system lifts a load of 400
N by an effort of 100 N. If the load 7. Explain why a pencil partially
is raised through 2 m, what is the immersed in water appears bent.
distance moved by the effort?
8. How does the apparent depth of
(Assume efficiency is 100%).
an object change when viewed
13. Differentiate between a single from a denser medium?
fixed pulley and a single movable
9. A coin is placed at the bottom of a
pulley in terms of their mechanical
beaker filled with water. It appears
advantage and change in direction
to be at a height of 5 cm from the
of force.
bottom. If the refractive index of
14. State the main purpose of a water is 4/3, what is the real depth
machine. of the water?
15. What is the principle of a lever? 10. State two differences between
refraction and total internal
reflection.
Chapter 4: Refraction of Light at Plane
11. Draw a diagram to show how a
Surfaces
prism can be used to turn a ray of
1. State the laws of refraction of light through 90∘ by total internal
light. reflection.
2. What is the refractive index of a 12. Why do stars twinkle but planets
medium? How is it related to the do not?
speed of light?
13. A ray of light passes from water to
3. A ray of light enters from air into a air. The refractive index of water is
glass slab, and the angle of 1.33. Find the critical angle for
incidence is 60∘. If the angle of water.
refraction is 30∘, what is the
14. What is the cause of refraction?
refractive index of glass with
respect to air? 15. Why does a swimming pool appear
shallower than it actually is?
4. Draw a ray diagram to show the
path of a ray of light passing
through a rectangular glass slab.
Chapter 5: Refraction through Lens
Mark the angle of incidence, angle
of refraction, and angle of 1. Define the principal focus and
emergence. optical center of a convex lens.
2. An object is placed at a distance of 13. An object is placed at a distance of
15 cm from a convex lens of focal 30 cm from a concave lens of focal
length 10 cm. Using the lens length 15 cm. Find the nature,
formula, calculate the position of position, and magnification of the
the image. State the nature of the image.
image.
14. What is the lens formula?
3. Draw a ray diagram to show the
15. What are the two types of lenses,
image formation of an object
and how do they differ in their
placed at 2F of a convex lens. State
action on a parallel beam of light?
the characteristics of the image.
4. What is the power of a lens? How
is it related to the focal length? Chapter 6: Spectrum
5. A lens has a power of +2.5 D. What 1. What is dispersion of light?
is its focal length and what type of
2. Draw a diagram to show the
lens is it?
dispersion of white light by a
6. Differentiate between a real image prism. Mark the different colors in
and a virtual image. the spectrum.
7. Draw a ray diagram to show the 3. Name the seven colors of the
image formation of an object visible spectrum in order of
placed between F and the optical increasing wavelength.
center of a convex lens. State the
4. Why does red light deviate the
characteristics of the image.
least and violet light deviate the
8. A convex lens is used as a most?
magnifying glass. Where is the
5. What are the three main
object placed for this purpose?
components of the
9. What is the sign convention used electromagnetic spectrum outside
for spherical lenses? the visible range?
10. The focal length of a concave lens 6. State two properties and one use
is -20 cm. If an object is placed at of infrared radiation.
40 cm from the lens, calculate the
7. State two properties and one use
image distance.
of ultraviolet radiation.
11. A boy looks at his image in a
8. Why are prisms made of quartz
concave lens. What are the
used instead of glass for obtaining
characteristics of the image he will
the ultraviolet spectrum?
see?
9. A beam of white light is incident on
12. Why is the power of a lens
a glass prism. What happens to the
measured in diopters?
speed of light as it enters the
prism?
10. State two differences between a 7. An object vibrates at 50 Hz. What
camera spectrum and a prismatic is its time period?
spectrum.
8. A person standing between two
11. What is meant by a pure parallel cliffs fires a gun and hears
spectrum? the first echo after 2 s and the
second echo after 3 s. If the speed
12. The frequency range of visible light
of sound is 340 m/s, what is the
is from 3.75×1014 Hz to 7.5×1014
distance between the cliffs?
Hz. Calculate the corresponding
wavelength range. (Speed of light, 9. Give a reason for the following:
c=3×108 m/s).
o A tuning fork is an ideal
13. Why is the sky blue? source of sound.
14. Name the radiation used for o The sound of a train engine
detecting fake currency. changes as it approaches
and moves away from you.
15. Why is a spectrum of colors
formed when white light is passed 10. What is an ultrasonic sound? Give
through a prism? one use of ultrasound.
11. Define amplitude and frequency
of a sound wave.
Chapter 7: Sound
12. Why are the ceilings of concert
1. What is an echo? State the
halls curved?
conditions necessary to hear an
echo. 13. An echo is heard after 5 s. If the
speed of sound in air is 342 m/s,
2. A boy claps his hands in front of a
what is the distance of the
wall and hears an echo after 0.5 s.
reflecting surface from the source?
If the speed of sound in air is 340
m/s, how far is the wall from the 14. What is the minimum distance
boy? required to hear an echo in air?
3. Differentiate between loudness 15. What is the difference between
and intensity of sound. the quality of sound and the
loudness of sound?
4. What is meant by the pitch of a
sound? On what factor does it
depend?
5. What is meant by reverberation?
How can it be reduced in a large
hall?
6. Why can an astronaut on the
moon not hear the sound of an
explosion?