Chapter 1.
3
Problems
In Problems 17-24, plot each pair of points and determine the slope of the line containing
them. Graph the line.
Solutions:
17. The slope m of the line containing the points (4, 2) and (3, 4) is
4−2 2
𝑚 = 3−4 = −1 = −2
For graph, see page 1048 (ANSWER part)
19. The slope m of the line containing the points (−2,3) and (2,1) is
1−3 −2 −1
𝑚 = 2−(−2) = =
4 2
For graph, see page 1048 (ANSWER part)
In Problems 25-32, graph the line that contains the point P and has slope m. In Problems 25-
30, find the point-slope form of the equation of the line. In Problems 31 and 32, find an
equation of the line.
Solutions:
25. Given 𝑃 = (1,2), 𝑚 = 3
The point-slope form of the line is
𝑦 − 2 = 3(𝑥 − 1)
For graph, see page 1048 (ANSWER part)
2
27. Given 𝑃 = (1,3), 𝑚 = − 5
The point-slope form of the line is
2
𝑦 − 3 = − 5 (𝑥 − 1)
For graph, see page 1048 (ANSWER part)
31. Given 𝑃 = (−2,0); slope undefined
A vertical line has undefined slope. So, the equation of the vertical line containing the given
point is 𝑥 = −2
For graph, see page 1048 (ANSWER part)
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In Problems 33-38, the slope and a point on a line are given. Use this information to locate
three additional points on the line.
2
33. Slope 2 = 1 ; point (−2,3)
𝑃1 = (−2 + 1,3 + 2) = (−1,5)
𝑃2 = (−1 + 1,5 + 2) = (0,7)
𝑃3 = (0 + 1,7 + 2) = (1,9)
4
35. Slope 3
; point (−3,2)
𝑃1 = (−3 + 3,2 + 4) = (0,6)
𝑃2 = (0 + 3,6 + 4) = (3,10)
𝑃3 = (3 + 3,10 + 4) = (6,14)
In Problems 47-72, find an equation for the line with the given properties. Express your
answer using either the general form or the slope–intercept form of the equation of a line,
whichever you prefer.
47. Slope = 3; containing the point (−2,3)
The point-slope form of the line is
𝑦 − 3 = 3(𝑥 + 2) ⇒ 3𝑥 + 6 = 𝑦 − 3 ⇒ 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 9
51. Containing the points (−3,4) and (2,5)
First compute the slope of the line.
5−4 1
𝑚 = 2−(−3) = 5
The point-slope form of the line is
1
𝑦 − 4 = 5 (𝑥 + 3) ⇒ 𝑥 + 3 = 5(𝑦 − 4)
⇒ 𝑥 + 3 = 5𝑦 − 20 ⇒ 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 23 = 0
1 23
⇒ 5𝑦 = 𝑥 + 23 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥+
5 5
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53. Slope = −3; y-intercept = 3
The point-slope form of the line with slope −3 and containing the point (0,3) is
𝑦 − 3 = −3(𝑥 − 0) ⇒ 𝑦 − 3 = −3𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 3
55. x-intercept = −4; y-intercept = 4
The points on the line are (−4,0) and (0,4). First compute the slope of the line.
4−0 4
𝑚 = 0−(−4) = 4 = 1
The point-slope form of the line is
𝑦 − 0 = 1(𝑥 + 4) ⇒ 𝑥 + 4 = 𝑦
⇒𝑥−𝑦+4=0
57. Slope undefined; containing the point (3,8)
A vertical line has undefined slope.
So, the equation of the vertical line containing the given point is 𝑥 = 3
It has no slope-intercept form.
59. Vertical; containing the point (4, −5)
A vertical line has undefined slope.
So, the equation of the vertical line containing the given point is 𝑥 = 4
It has no slope-intercept form.
61. Parallel to the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥; containing the point (−1,2)
Parallel lines have same slope.
The point-slope form of the equation of line with slope 2 and containing the point (−1,2) is
𝑦 − 2 = 2(𝑥 + 1) ⇒ 𝑦 − 2 = 2𝑥 + 2 ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4
69. Perpendicular to the line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −5; containing the point (0,4)
Two nonvertical lines are perpendicular if and only if the product of their slopes is −1.
First write the equation of the given line in slope-intercept form to find its slope.
1 5
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −5 ⇒ 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥+2
2
1
The given line has slope . Any line perpendicular to this line will have slope −2.
2
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The point-slope form of the equation of line is
𝑦 − 4 = −2(𝑥 − 0) ⇒ 𝑦 − 4 = −2𝑥 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4
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