A number is defined as an arithmetical value expressed by a word, symbol, or figure.
These numbers can be written in single digits, double digits, three digits in the
generalized form.
Types of Numbers
A number system is a system of writing for expressing numbers. According to
the number system, the different types of a number includes:
Prime numbers
Even numbers
Odd numbers
Whole numbers
Natural numbers
Composite numbers
Write all the factors of 65
65 is a composite number.
65 = 1 × 65
5 x 13 = 65
Factors of 65: 1, 5, 13, 65.
Find the common factors of 850 and 680
The common factors of 850 and 680 are 2, 5 and 17.
Facts about Factors and Multiples
Factors
A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
Example: 1, 2, 3, and 6 are the factors of 6.
Properties of Factors
Properties of factors of a number:
1 is a factor of every number.
Every number is a factor of itself.
Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
Every factor is less than or equal to the given number.
Number of factors of a given number are finite.
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Perfect Numbers
A number for which the sum of all its factors is equal to twice the number is called
a perfect number.
Example: Factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28.
Here, 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 + 28 = 56 = 2 × 28
Therefore, the sum of factors of 28 is equal to twice the number 28.
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Multiples
Multiples of a number are those numbers which we get by multiplying the number by
any integer.
Example: Multiples of 3 are 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 etc.
Properties of Multiples
Properties of multiples of a number:
Every multiple of a number is greater than or equal to that number.
Number of multiples of a given number is infinite.
Every number is a multiple of itself.
Ones with the One and the Others
Prime Numbers
Numbers other than 1 whose only factors are 1 and the number itself are called Prime
numbers.
Example: 2, 3, 5, 7 etc.
Composite Numbers
Numbers having more than two factors are called Composite numbers.
Example: 4, 6, 8 etc.
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Divisible by 2 or 5 or Both
Divisibility Tests
A divisibility rule is a method of determining whether a given integer is divisible by a
fixed divisor without performing division, usually by examining its digits.
We have divisibility rules for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Divisibility Tests for 2
If one’s digit of a number is 0,2,4,6 or 8, then the number is divisible by 2.
Example: 12, 34, 56 and 78.
Divisibility Tests for 4
A number with 3 or more digits is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its last two digits
(i.e. ones and tens) is divisible by 4.
Example: 1396 is divisible by 4 since its last two digits, i.e., 36 is divisible by 4.
Divisibility Tests for 3
A number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Example: Take 27.
Sum of its digits = 2+7= 9, which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, 27 is divisible by 3.