A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on one of its base

corners with its axis inclined at 35° to HP. The base sides containing the resting corner are
equally
inclined to HP. Draw its projections.
Solution
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A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on one of its base
corner with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projections when the slant edge containing the resting
corner is vertical. Lr HP 'l VP
Solution
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 Problem 44: (Fig. 39) and axis
A pentagonal pyramid, side of base 25 mm and axis 55
55 mm
mm
ong. lies with one of its slant edges on HP such that its axis is parallel to VP.
its projections.
Draw
(UQ
First assume the pyramid to rest
with its base on HP such that a' (b')
one of its corners D is on the
right side and an imaginary line
connecting the corner with the
(c')e
center of base is parallel to VP.
1. For this position draw, top a'b') e(c) d ' d
view such that d is on right
side and imaginary line is b
LAN
parallel to XY. Imaginary
line coincides with slant d d
edge od in top view.
a,
IV
a
2 Project the corresponding
front view. Complete the e

final front and top views. FIG. 39

A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis
circumference of the base
with its axis length 70 mm is
inclined at 50° to HP and resting on HP on a point on the
Solution parallel to VP. Draw its
To draw the top and projections.
front views in step 1
1. Assume the axis of
the cylinder is
circle with its dianmeter 50 perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP, the top view 1s a
mm (radius 25
and obtained. mm) and front view is a
2. Asthe cylinder does not
rectangle which is projected
have
corners, consider generators,
by dividing the circle into 8 equal say 8 generators, which are marked
etc., are invisible and the parts. In top view, the bottom end of the
top end of the generators a, b, c, generators p, 4
3. These generators are etc., are visible.
projected and marked in the front view, the bottom end
obtained on XY line and the top end p', q, etc., are
line which is the axis
a', b', c', etc., are marked at a distance 70
mm from XY
length.

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A cone of base diameter S0 mm
and axis
of the base. Its base is inclined at length 60 mm is resting on HP on a
50° to HP and point on the circumference
Solution perpendiular to VP. Draw its
projections.
When the base of the solid is
kept inclined to HP and
and parallel to VP. perpendicular to VP, its axis is inclined to HP

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Example 6.35 m m is resting on HP on one of its

HPOn

diamcter 50 mnm
and axis
length
60
generA
A c o n e of base its projections.
to 1P. Draw
t s a x i s parallel

Solution

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A pentagonal plate of side 30 mm is placed with one side on HP and the surface inclined at 50°
to HP perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.
Solution
When a plate is placed with its surface inclined to HP and perpendicular to VP, its projections are
obtained in two steps.
Step 1: Assume that the plate has its surface parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw its top
view which will have the true shape and size. Project the front view which will be a line parallel to
XY.
Step 2: Reproduce the front view tilted to the given angle 6 to HP and project the top view of the
plate which will be smaller than the true shape and size.
To draw the projections
1. Draw the top view of the pentagon considering one of the sides perpendicular to XY. Then
only while tilting the surface to the required inclination with HP, this side of the plate will
rest on HP.
2. Project the front view of the plate by projecting the top view abcde to get the front view
a'b'c(d'(e') as a line on XY line.
3. Tilt and reproduce the front view aibíci(d{(e{) to the given angle 50° with XY in such a way
that the end aj (ej) is on the XY line.
4. Draw horizontal lines from top view a,b.c.d and e and vertical lines from front view ajbjcidi
and e to get the required top view ajbicd and e.
5. Join [Link] and ej to get the top view of the pentagonal plate which is smaller than the
true shape and size.

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Figure 4.9
A
hexagonal plate of size 30 mm is placed with side VP and surface inclined
perpendicular to HP. Draw the projections. a on
at 450t
Solution VP an
When a
plate is placed with its surface inclined to VP and
obtained in two steps. perpendicular to HP, its projection
ctions an
Step 1: Assume that the plate has its surface
view which will have the parallel to VP and perpendicular to HP. Draw its
true shape and size.
Project the top view which will be a line parallelitst from
f.

Step 2: Reproduce the top view tilted to the

plate which will be smaller than the true shapegiven angle ó to VP and project the front view of
and size. of the a

To draw the
projections
1. Draw the front view of the
hexagon considering one of the sides to be perpendicular to
Then, only while tilting the surface to the required inclination with w
will rest on VP. VP, this side of the plats
2. Project the top view of the plate by projecting the front view a'b'cd'ef' to the
a(b)ffc)efd) as a line on XY line. get top vieu
3. Tilt and reproduce the
top view afbffc)e(d) to get the required angle 45° with XY in
way that the end a(b) is on the XY line. sucha
4. Draw horizontal lines from a'b'cd'e' and
f' and vertical lines from top view a,b,c1,d.e
and f to get the required front view
5. Join a,bj,cj,di.e and
af,[Link],ej and fi.
fi to get the front view of the hexagonal plate smaller than the true
shape and size.
f
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45

38 e,d
Figure 4 10
Example 4.0
A cinular plate ot diamcter 0 mm is esting on HP on a point on the circumference with its surlace
inclinad at 45° to HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.
Solution
To ara the prjerions
. Assume that the plate has its surface parall l to HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw its top
view. It is a circle of radius 25 mm.
Project and get the front view which is a line on XY.
3. As the circle does not have any comers, divide the circle into equal parts, say 8. (students are
askad to minimum of 12 parts) in such a way that 8 points are marked
divide the circle into a

on its circumference and project them to the front view.

such a way that the
Tilt and reproduce the front view to the given angle of 45° with XY line, in
end a is on XY line.
from aj,[Link], etc., to get the
5. Draw horizontal lines from a. b. c, etc., and vertical lines
required top view [Link] etc. circle ellipse.
get the top view of the
as an
by drawing a smooth curve to
6. Join [Link], etc.,

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Figure 4.11