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INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTERS
AN INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING
FUNDAMENTALS PRESENTED BY:-
[SAHIL MANE]
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• A computer is an electronic device that
accepts raw data as input, processes it
according to instructions, and delivers
WHAT IS A meaningful output.
Key Functions:
COMPUTER? • Input - Takes data from user
• Processing - Manipulates data according to
instructions
• Output - Provides results to user
• Storage - Saves data and programs
• Control - Manages all operations
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•Speed: Performs millions of
calculations per second.
•Accuracy: Produces error-free
results if instructions are
correct.
•Storage: Can store vast amounts of
CHARACTERISTIC
data permanently. S OF COMPUTERS
•Automation: Executes tasks
automatically once programmed.
•Connectivity: Connects with other
systems globally through the
internet.
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HARDWARE
COMPONENTS OF
A COMPUTER
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)->Brain of the
computer. Executes instructions and performs
calculations.
• Memory (RAM)- Temporary storage for active
programs and data. Volatile memory (lost when
power is off)
• Storage Devices-> Hard Disk Drives (HDD),
Solid State Drives (SSD). Permanent storage
for programs and data
• Motherboard → Main circuit board connecting
all components
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SOFTWARE
COMPONENTS OF
A COMPUTER
• System Software:-
Operating System (OS) - Windows, macOS, Linux
Manages hardware resources
Provides user interface
Controls program execution
• Programming Software:-Tools for creating other software
programs.
• Application Software- Word processors, spreadsheets,
games ,Web browsers ,media players, Productivity
software suites
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TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• Supercomputers: Extremely powerful, used in
research and weather forecasting.
• Mainframes: Large systems for organizations
handling big data.
• Minicomputers: Mid-range, now mostly
replaced by servers.
• Personal Computers (PCs): Used at homes and
offices.
• Laptops/Tablets/Smartphones: Portable and
widely used in daily life.
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INPUT DEVICES
Devices used to enter data into the computer:-
• Keyboard - Text and command input.
• Mouse - Point and click navigation.
• Scanner - Converts documents to digital format
• Microphone - Audio input for
recording/communication
• Webcam - Video input for conferencing/recording
• Touch Screen - Direct touch interaction
• Joystick/Game Controller - Gaming input
• Specialized Input: Barcode scanners, MIDI
keyboards, graphic tablets
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OUTPUT
DEVICES
Devices that display or produce computer
results:-
• Monitor/Display - Visual output (text,
images, videos)
• Printer - Hard copy output on paper
• Speakers - Audio output for sound/music
• Headphones - Personal audio output
• Projector - Large screen visual display
• Plotter - High-quality graphics printing
• Advanced Output:3D printers, VR headsets,
Braille readers
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APPLICATIONS OF
COMPUTERS
• Productivity Software:-
• Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
• Google Workspace (Docs, Sheets, Slides)
• Document creation, data analysis, presentations
• Other Applications:-
• Communication - Email, video calls, messaging.
• Entertainment - Games, music, videos, streaming.
• Education - Online learning, research,
simulations.
• Business - Accounting, inventory, customer
management.
• Healthcare - Medical records, diagnostics,
imaging.
• Transportation - GPS navigation, traffic control
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CONCLUSION
Computers are essential tools in our
daily lives. Knowing the basics helps us
use them effectively for learning, work,
and communication.
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