SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
Cayley Hamilton Theorem
Every square Matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation
Note : If A is square matrix then to find characteristic equation
by using determinant of A - is equal to zero.
Where I is identity matrix
2 3
1. Find the inverse of A = using Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.
2 5
The characteristic of A is |A - |= 0
2− 3
i.e, =0
2 5−
i.e, ( 2 − ƛ) (5−ƛ) -6 =0
i.e., ƛ2 -7 ƛ + 4 = 0
By cayley - Hamilton theorem we get, A2 -7A +4I =0
Multiply throughout by A-1 , we get , A-7I + 4A-1 = 0
7 0 2 3 5 −3 −
= ¼ [7I-A] = − = =
0 7 2 5 −2 2 −
1 3
2. Verify Cayley-Hamilton thermal for the matrix A =
4 7
The characteristic of A is |A - |= 0
1− 3
i.e, =0
4 7−
i.e,( 1 − ƛ) (7−ƛ) -12 =0
i.e., ƛ2 -8ƛ − 5 = 0
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 0
consider, A2 - 8A - 5I = −8 −5
4 7 4 7 4 7 0 1
13 24 8 24 5 0 0 0
= − − =
32 61 32 56 0 5 0 0
A2 - 8A - 5I =0 Hence. Cayle y- Hamilton theorem verified .
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 14
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
1 3
3. Find the characteristics of the matrix
2 −4
1− 3
Eigen values are given by =0
2 −4 −
(1 − )(−4 − ) − 6 = 0
+3 −4−6 = 0
+ 3 − 10 = 0
( + 5)( − 2) = 0 ℎ = −5, 2
1 3
4. Find the characteristics roots of the matrix.
4 2
The characteristic of A is |A - |= 0
1− 3
i.e, =0
4 2−
i.e,( 1 − ƛ) (2−ƛ) -12 =0
i.e., ƛ2 -3ƛ − 10 = 0
±√ ±
= =
= 5, −2
Application of Matrix
[Link] are two families A and B and there are 4 men,6 women and 2 children in family
A and 2 men ,2 women and 4 children in family B.
The recommended daily allowance for calories is: Man 2400, women 1900, child 1800
and protein for man 55 gm, women 45 gm and child 33 gm. Represent the above
information by matrices. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the total requirement of
calories and proteins for each of the two families.
Solution: The members of the two families can be represented by the 2×3 matrix
MWC
4 6 2
=
2 2 4
Calories and proteins recommended for each member can written in a 3×2 matrix as
1
= 3
5
Multiply matrices D and E to calculate required amount of calories and proteins for each
family
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 15
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
2400 55
4 6 2 24600 556
= 1900 45 =
2 2 4 15800 332
1800 33
[Link] following matrix gives the number of units of three products P, Q and R that can
be processed per hour on three machines A, B and C:
10 12 15
13 11 20
16 18 14
Determine,by using matrix algebra, how many units of each product can be produced ,if
the number of hours available on machine A, B and C are 55,46 and 48 respectively.
Solution: the number of hours available for the machine A,B and C to manufacture the
items P,Q, and R, respected in matrix as
54
46
48
The number of units of each product that can be product can be produced can be written
as
10 12 15 54
13 11 20 46 =
16 18 14 48
10 × 54 + 12 × 46 + 15 × 28 =
13 × 54 + 11 × 46 + 20 × 48 =
16 × 54 + 18 × 46 + 14 × 48 =
540+552+420=P, 1512=P
702+506+960=Q, 2168=Q
864+828+672=R, 2364=R
The product P=1512 units ,Q=2168 AND R =2364 units
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 16
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
3. The total number of units of thr7ee products P =9 ,Q =52 ,R =0 that are processed by
three machines A ,B and C is given by the matrix.
1 1 1
2 5 7
2 1 −1
Determine ,The time taken by each machines to process products P ,Q and R.
Solution: let X,Y ,Z be time taken by the machines A,B, and C to process the product P,Q
,and R
The number of units of each product that can be produced can be written as
1 1 1 9
Sol. 2 5 7 = 52
2 1 −1 0
X+Y+Z = 9
2X+5Y+7Z = 52
2X+Y- Z = 0
Solve these three equation by crammers rule
1 1 1
△= 2 5 7
2 1 −1
=1(-5-7)( -2-14)+1(2-10) = -12+16-8 = -4
9 1 1
△ = 52 5 7
0 1 −1
=9(-5-7)-1(-52-0) +1(52-0) = -108+52+52 = - 4
1 9 1
△ = 2 52 7
2 0 −1
= 1 (- 52-0)-9(-2-14) +1(01040) = -52+144-104 =-12
1 1 9
△ = 2 5 52
2 1 0
=1(0-52)-(0-104) + 9(2-10) = -52+104-72 = -20
= − = 1, =− =3, =− =5
1
= 3
5
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 17
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
4. The total weight of ingredient present in drug P = 500 mg, drug Q =300 mg and drug
R = 400 mg. The amount of ingredient that present are given in a matrix as shown below.
Calculate individualized amount of ingredient present in each drug.
2 2 1
1 1 1
2 1 1
Solution: let x, y, And Z be the price of inggedient6s A, B and C
The above mentioned data can be written as
2 2 1 500
1 1 1 = 300
2 1 1 400
2X+2Y+Z= 500
X+Y+Z = 300
2X+ Y+Z=400
Solve these three equation by cramer’s rule
2 2 1
△ = 1 1 1 =2(1-1)-2(1-2) +1(1-2)=1
2 1 1
500 2 1
△ = 300 1 1 =500(1-1)-2(300-400) +1(300-400) =0+200-100 =100
400 1 1
2 500 1
△ = 1 300 1 =2(300-400)-500(1-2) + (400-300)=-200+500-100 =200
2 400 1
2 2 500
△ = 1 1 300 =2(400-400)-2(400-600) +500(1-2) =-200+800-500 =100
2 1 400
= = 100 , = = 200 , =
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 18
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
5. The stability of a pharmaceutical formulation obtained by using 2 2 factorial design is
as listed below. calculate coefficient of each factor by applying matrix method and form a
polynomial or linear or regression equation.
Levels factor Low High
1. concentration ( X 1) 3 gm 6 gms
2. Temperature (x 2) 6C 12 C
Combination X1 X2 Y (stability)
1 3 6 7
a 6 6 11
b 3 12 9
ab 6 12 10
These four combination can be written in the form of matrix as
1 3 6 7
1 6 6 1 11
X= 1 3 b= 2 y= 9
12
1 6 12 2 10
Obtain the transpose matrix of X and it is denoted as x T
1 1 1 1
T
x =3 6 3 6
6 6 12 12
1 1 1 1 1 3 6
1 6 6
Then the product of XTX = 3 6 3 6 1 3 12
6 6 12 12 1 6
12
4 18 36
= 18 90 162
36 162 360
6156 −648 −324
Cofactor matrix of is of XTX = −648 144 0
−324 0 36
The value of the determinant XTX = 4×6156+18× (-648)+ 36× (-324)
△=1296
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 19
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
6156 648 −324
Adj XTX == −648 −144 0
−324 0 36
6156 648 −324
(XTX)-1= −648 −144 0
−324 0 36
4.75 −0.5 −0.25
= −0.5 0.11 0
−0.25 0 0.02
1 1 1 1 7 37
T 11
X Y= 3 6 3 6 9 = 174
6 6 12 12 10 336
The least squares estimates of β= ( XTX)-1XTY
4.75 −0.5 −0.25 37
1 = −0.5 0.11 0 174
2 −0.25 0 0.02 336
4.75
1 = −0.64
2 −2.53
Then the least square fit is Y = b + b1X1 +b2X2 , Y=4.75-0.64X1-2.53X2
6. A pharmaceutical formulation prepared and yield obtained for one factor with different
level is as listed below. Calculate coefficient of single factor by applying matrix method
and form linear or a polynomial or regression equation and Calculate the predicted
values.
Combination X (factor) Y (yield)
1 5 3
2 8 4
3 7 5
4 6 2
5 4 1
Solution :
These four combinations can be written in be form of matrix as
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 20
SUMNDEEP VIDYAPEETH - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMACY PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (BP106RMT)
1 5 3
⎡1 8⎤ ⎡4⎤
⎢ ⎥
X= ⎢⎢1 7⎥⎥ β = y=⎢5⎥
⎢1 6⎥ ⎢2⎥
⎣1 4⎦ ⎣1⎦
Obtain the transpose matrix of X and it is denoted as x T
1 1 1 1 1
xT =
5 8 7 6 4
1 5
⎡1 8 ⎤
1 1 1 1 1 ⎢ ⎥ 5 30
Then the product of XTX = 1 7 =
5 8 7 6 4 ⎢1 6 ⎥ 30 190
⎢ ⎥
⎣1 4 ⎦
190 −30
Cofactor matrix of is XTX=
−30 5
The value of the determinant XTX = 51× 90-(-30 × -30) =950-900,=50, △=50
190 −30
Adj ( XTX) =
−30 5
T -1 190 −30
(X X) = = =
−30 5
3
⎡4⎤
1 1 1 1 1 ⎢ ⎥ 15
XTY= ⎢ 5⎥ =
5 8 7 6 4 98
⎢2⎥
⎣1⎦
The least squares estimates of β = (XTX)-1XTY
190 −30 15
=
−30 5 98
−1.8
==
0.8
Then the least fit is Y= a +bx , Y=-1.8+0.8X
Tria X Predicated
(RUNS) values Y=-
1.8+0.8X
1 5 2.2
2 8 4.6
3 7 3.8
4 6 3
5 4 1.4
PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL 21