█ [Link].

com

Important Information
Thank you for choosing Freenove products!

Getting Started

First, please read the Start [Link] document in the unzipped folder you created.
If you have not yet downloaded the zip file, associated with this kit, please do so now and unzip it.

Get Support and Offer Input

Freenove provides free and responsive product and technical support, including but not limited to:
⚫ Product quality issues
⚫ Product use and build issues
⚫ Questions regarding the technology employed in our products for learning and education
⚫ Your input and opinions are always welcome
⚫ We also encourage your ideas and suggestions for new products and product improvements
For any of the above, you may send us an email to:

support@[Link]
Safety and Precautions

Please follow the following safety precautions when using or storing this product:
⚫ Keep this product out of the reach of children under 6 years old.
⚫ This product should be used only when there is adult supervision present as young children lack
necessary judgment regarding safety and the consequences of product misuse.
⚫ This product contains small parts and parts, which are sharp. This product contains electrically conductive
parts. Use caution with electrically conductive parts near or around power supplies, batteries and
powered (live) circuits.
⚫ When the product is turned ON, activated or tested, some parts will move or rotate. To avoid injuries
to hands and fingers keep them away from any moving parts!
⚫ It is possible that an improperly connected or shorted circuit may cause overheating. Should this happen,
immediately disconnect the power supply or remove the batteries and do not touch anything until
it cools down! When everything is safe and cool, review the product tutorial to identify the cause.
⚫ Only operate the product in accordance with the instructions and guidelines of this tutorial, otherwise
parts may be damaged or you could be injured.
⚫ Store the product in a cool dry place and avoid exposing the product to direct sunlight.
⚫ After use, always turn the power OFF and remove or unplug the batteries before storing.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 [Link] █

About Freenove

Freenove provides open source electronic products and services worldwide.

Freenove is committed to assist customers in their education of robotics, programming and electronic circuits
so that they may transform their creative ideas into prototypes and new and innovative products. To this end,
our services include but are not limited to:

⚫ Educational and Entertaining Project Kits for Robots, Smart Cars and Drones
⚫ Educational Kits to Learn Robotic Software Systems for Arduino, Raspberry Pi and micro: bit
⚫ Electronic Component Assortments, Electronic Modules and Specialized Tools
⚫ Product Development and Customization Services

You can find more about Freenove and get our latest news and updates through our website:

[Link]

sale@[Link]

Copyright

All the files, materials and instructional guides provided are released under Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. A copy of this license can be found in the folder containing
the Tutorial and software files associated with this product.

This means you can use these resource in your own derived works, in part or completely but NOT for the
intent or purpose of commercial use.

Freenove brand and logo are copyright of Freenove Creative Technology Co., Ltd. and cannot be used without
written permission.

TM

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 1

Contents

Important Information ...................................................... 1

Contents................................................................................. 1
Preface .................................................................................... 4
ESP32-S3 WROOM .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Extension board of the ESP32-S3 WROOM .................................................................................................................... 8
CH343 (Importance) ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Programming Software ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Basic Configuration of Thonny ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Burning Micropython Firmware (Important) .................................................................................................................. 28
Testing codes (Important) .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Thonny Common Operation ............................................................................................................................................... 42
Notes for GPIO......................................................................................................................................................................... 49

Chapter 1 LED (Important) ............................................ 52

Project 1.1 Blink ....................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Project 1.2 Blink ....................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Chapter 2 Button & LED ................................................ 70

Project 2.1 Button & LED ...................................................................................................................................................... 70
Project 2.2 MINI table lamp ................................................................................................................................................. 76

Chapter 3 LED Bar ........................................................... 81

Project 3.1 Flowing Light ...................................................................................................................................................... 81

Chapter 4 Analog & PWM ............................................ 87

Project 4.1 Breathing LED ..................................................................................................................................................... 87
Project 4.2 Meteor Flowing Light....................................................................................................................................... 94

Chapter 5 RGB LED........................................................ 100

Project 5.1 Random Color Light ...................................................................................................................................... 100
Project 5.2 Gradient Color Light ..................................................................................................................................... 106

Chapter 6 Buzzer ........................................................... 109

Project 6.1 Doorbell ............................................................................................................................................................ 109
Project 6.2 Alertor ................................................................................................................................................................ 115

Chapter 7 Serial Communication.............................. 117

Project 7.1 Serial Print......................................................................................................................................................... 117
Any concerns?  support@[Link]
2 Preface [Link] █

Project 7.2 Serial Read and Write ................................................................................................................................... 121

Chapter 8 AD Converter .............................................. 122

Project 8.1 Read the Voltage of Potentiometer......................................................................................................... 122

Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED ............................... 129

Project 9.1 Soft Light........................................................................................................................................................... 129
Project 9.2 Soft Colorful Light .......................................................................................................................................... 133

Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED ............................... 137

Project 10.1 NightLamp ..................................................................................................................................................... 137

Chapter 11 Thermistor ................................................. 142

Project 11.1 Thermometer ................................................................................................................................................ 142

Chapter 12 Joystick ....................................................... 148

Project 12.1 Joystick ............................................................................................................................................................ 148

Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph .................. 153

Project 13.1 Flowing Water Light.................................................................................................................................... 153

Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display......... 159

Project 14.1 7-Segment Display. .................................................................................................................................... 159

Chapter 15 Relay & Motor .......................................... 165

Project 15.2 Control Motor with Potentiometer ........................................................................................................ 165

Chapter 16 Servo ........................................................... 173

Project 16.1 Servo Sweep .................................................................................................................................................. 173
Project 16.2 Servo Knop .................................................................................................................................................... 179

Chapter 17 LCD1602 .................................................... 183

Project 17.1 LCD1602 ......................................................................................................................................................... 183

Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging ................................. 190

Project 18.1 Ultrasonic Ranging ...................................................................................................................................... 190
Project 18.2 Ultrasonic Ranging ...................................................................................................................................... 196

Chapter 19 Bluetooth ................................................... 199

Project 19.1 Bluetooth Low Energy Data Passthrough............................................................................................ 199
Project 19.2 Bluetooth Control LED ............................................................................................................................... 211

Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes ............................. 218

Project 20.1 Station mode................................................................................................................................................. 218

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 3

Project 20.2 AP mode ......................................................................................................................................................... 223

Project 20.3 AP+Station mode ........................................................................................................................................ 227

Chapter 21 TCP/IP ......................................................... 231

Project 21.1 As Client .......................................................................................................................................................... 231
Project 21.2 As Server......................................................................................................................................................... 243

Chapter 22 Camera Web Server ............................... 248

Project 22.1 Camera Web Server .................................................................................................................................... 248

What's next? .................................................................... 259

End of the Tutorial ......................................................... 259

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

4 Preface [Link] █

Preface
ESP32-S3 is a micro control unit with integrated Wi-Fi launched by Espressif, which features strong properties
and integrates rich peripherals. It can be designed and studied as an ordinary Single Chip Micyoco(SCM) chip,
or connected to the Internet and used as an Internet of Things device.

ESP32-S3 can be developed using the Arduino platform, which will definitely make it easier for people who
have learned arduino to master. Moreover, the code of ESP32-S3 is completely open-source, so beginners
can quickly learn how to develop and design IOT smart household products including smart curtains, fans,
lamps and clocks.

Generally, ESP32-S3 projects consist of code and circuits. Don't worry even if you've never learned code and
circuits, because we will gradually introduce the basic knowledge of C programming language and electronic
circuits, from easy to difficult. Our products contain all the electronic components and modules needed to
complete these projects. It's especially suitable for beginners.

We divide each project into four parts, namely Component List, Component Knowledge, Circuit and Code.
Component List helps you to prepare material for the experiment more quickly. Component Knowledge allows
you to quickly understand new electronic modules or components, while Circuit helps you understand the
operating principle of the circuit. And Code allows you to easily master the use of SEP32 and accessory kit.
After finishing all the projects in this tutorial, you can also use these components and modules to make
products such as smart household, smart cars and robots to transform your creative ideas into prototypes
and new and innovative products.

In addition, if you have any difficulties or questions with this tutorial or toolkit, feel free to ask for our quick
and free technical support through support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 5

ESP32-S3 WROOM

ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 has launched a total of two antenna packages, PCB on-board antenna and IPEX
antenna respectively. The PCB on-board antenna is an integrated antenna in the chip module itself, so it is
convenient to carry and design. The IPEX antenna is a metal antenna derived from the integrated antenna of
the chip module itself, which is used to enhance the signal of the module.
PCB on-board antenna IPEX antenna

In this tutorial, the ESP32-S3 WROOM is designed based on the PCB on-board antenna-packaged ESP32-
S3-WROOM-1 module.
Currently, we have two development board options available: the N8R8(8MB Flash + 8MB PSRAM) version
with a black PCB and the N16R8(16MB Flash + 8MB PSRAM) version with a red [Link] only difference
between these two boards lies in their built-in Flash storage capacity, while all other features, functionalities,
and peripheral circuits remain identical.
(Note: The N16R8 version is currently sold as a single-board kit only.)
ESP32-S3 WROOM N16R8 ESP32-S3 WROOM N8R8

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

6 Preface [Link] █

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 7

The hardware interfaces of ESP32-S3 WROOM are distributed as follows:

Compare the left and right images. We've boxed off the resources on the ESP32-S3 WROOM in different
colors to facilitate your understanding of the ESP32-S3 WROOM.
Box color Corresponding resources introduction
GPIO pin

LED indicator

Camera interface

Reset button, Boot mode selection button

USB port

For more information, please visit: [Link]

s3-wroom-1_wroom-1u_datasheet_en.pdf.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

8 Preface [Link] █

Extension board of the ESP32-S3 WROOM

And we also design an extension board, so that you can use the ESP32-S3 more easily in accordance with
the circuit diagram provided. The followings are their photos.
The hardware interfaces of ESP32-S3 WROOM are distributed as follows:

We've boxed off the resources on the ESP32-S3 WROOM in different colors to facilitate your understanding
of the ESP32-S3 WROOM.
Box color Corresponding resources introduction
GPIO pin
LED indicator
GPIO interface of development board
power supplied by the extension board
External power supply
In ESP32S3, GPIO is an interface to control peripheral circuit.

In the following projects, we only use USB cable to power ESP32-S3 WROOM by default.

In the whole tutorial, we don’t use T extension to power ESP32-S3 WROOM. So 5V and 3.3V (including
EXT 3.3V) on the extension board are provided by ESP32-S3 WROOM.

We can also use DC jack of extension board to power ESP32-S3 WROOM. In this way, 5v and EXT 3.3v
on extension board are provided by external power resource.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 9

CH343 (Importance)

ESP32-S3 WROOM uses CH343 to download codes. So before using it, we need to install CH343 driver in our
computers.

Windows

Check whether CH343 has been installed

1. Connect your computer and ESP32-S3 WROOM with a USB cable.

2. Turn to the main interface of your computer, select “This PC” and right-click to select “Manage”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

10 Preface [Link] █

3. Click “Device Manager”. If your computer has installed CH343, you can see“USB-Enhances-SERIAL
CH343 (COMx)”. And you can click here to move to the next step.

CH343 Port

Installing CH343
1. First, download CH343 driver, click [Link] to download the
appropriate one based on your operating system.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 11

Windows

MAC

If you would not like to download the installation package, you can open
“Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/CH343”, we have prepared the installation package.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

12 Preface [Link] █

2. Open the folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/CH343/Windows/”

3. Double click “[Link]”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 13

4. Click “INSTALL” and wait for the installation to complete.

5. Install successfully. Close all interfaces.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

14 Preface [Link] █

6. When ESP32-S3 WROOM is connected to computer, select “This PC”, right-click to select “Manage” and
click “Device Manager” in the newly pop-up dialog box, and you can see the following interface.

7. So far, CH343 has been installed successfully. Close all dialog boxes.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 15

MAC

First, download CH343 driver, click [Link] to download the

appropriate one based on your operating system.

Windows

MAC

If you would not like to download the installation package, you can open
“Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/CH343”, we have prepared the installation package.
Second, open the folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/CH343/MAC/”

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

16 Preface [Link] █

Run it.

Third, click Continue.

Fourth, click Install.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 17

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

18 Preface [Link] █

Then, waiting Finsh.

Finally, restart your PC.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 19

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

20 Preface [Link] █

If you still haven't installed the CH340 by following the steps above, you can view [Link] to install it.

ReadMe

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 21

Programming Software

Thonny is a free, open-source software platform with compact size, simple interface, simple operation and
rich functions, making it a Python IDE for beginners. In this tutorial, we use this IDE to develop ESP32-S3
during the whole process.
Thonny supports various operating system, including Windows、Mac OS、Linux.

Downloading Thonny

Official website of Thonny: [Link]

Open-source code repositories of Thonny: [Link]

Follow the instruction of official website to install Thonny or click the links below to download and install.
(Select the appropriate one based on your operating system.)
Operating Download links/methods
System
Windows [Link]
Mac OS [Link]
Official downloads for Linux
Installer (installs private Python 3.10 on x86_64, uses existing python3 elsewhere)
bash <(wget -O - [Link]
Re-using an existing Python installation (for advanced users)
pip3 install thonny

Linux 3rd party distributions (may have older version)

Flatpak
flatpak install [Link]
Debian, Raspbian, Ubuntu, Mint and others
sudo apt install thonny
Fedora
sudo dnf install thonny

You can also open “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Software”, we have

prepared it in advance.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

22 Preface [Link] █

Installing on Windows

The icon of Thonny after downloading is as below. Double click “[Link]”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 23

If you’re not familiar with computer software installation, you can simply keep clicking “Next” until the
installation completes.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

24 Preface [Link] █

If you want to change Thonny’s installation path, you can click “Browse” to modify it. After selecting installation
path, click “OK”.
If you do not want to change it, just click “Next”.

Check “Create desktop icon” and then it will generate a shortcut on your desktop to facilitate you to open
Thonny later.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 25

Click “install” to install the software.

During the installation process, you only need to wait for the installation to complete, and you msut not click
"Cancel", otherwise Thonny will fail to be installed.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

26 Preface [Link] █

Once you see the interface as below, Thonny has been installed successfully.

If you’ve check “Create desktop icon” during the installation process, you can see the below icon on your
desktop.。

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 27

Basic Configuration of Thonny

Click the desktop icon of Thonny and you can see the interface of it as follows:

Select “View”→ “Files” and “Shell”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

28 Preface [Link] █

Menu Bar

File Management

Code Editor

Shell

Burning Micropython Firmware (Important)

To run Python programs on ESP32S3, we need to burn a firmware to ESP32-S3 first.

Downloading Micropython Firmware

Official website of microPython: [Link]

Webpage listing firmware of microPython for ESP32S3:
[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 29

Firmware used in this tutorial is ESP32_GENERIC_S3-[Link]

This file is also provided in our data folder "Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3
/Python/Python_Firmware".

Install python3

Before burning the firmware to ESP32S3, we need to ensure that Python 3 has been installed on the computer.
If you have not already installed it, please install it first. Python Official download address is:
[Link]

Please follow the official instructions to download and install.

Burning a Micropython Firmware

Window
Connect your computer and ESP32-S3 with a USB cable.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

30 Preface [Link] █

Open Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Firmware
Enter cmd on path bar then press Enter.

Here my python3 version is 3.8.1.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 31

Enter “python [Link]”. Micropython firmware will be automatically burned to ESP32S3.

As shown in the figure below after completion.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

32 Preface [Link] █

Mac
Open Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Firmware. Right- click and select
New Terminal at Folder.

Here, my python3 version is 3.10.4

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 33

Enter "python3 mac. py" in the terminal, press Enter, and wait for the code to automatically burn the
microython firmware into ESP32S3.

After completion, it is shown below.

Note: The operation of the Linux system is similar to that of the Mac system. Please refer to the Mac system.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

34 Preface [Link] █

Testing codes (Important)

Testing Shell Command

Make sure that the ESP 32S3 has burned the firmware and is connected to the computer through the data
cable. Run Thonny. Click Run and select Configure interpreter.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 35

Please configure according to the following figure. Note that the port numbers of USB Enhanced SERIAL may
be different for different systems. Please select according to the actual situation. After configuration, click OK.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

36 Preface [Link] █

After configuration, every time you open Thonny, it will communicate with ESP32S3. The interface is shown
below.

Enter “print('hello world')” in “Shell” and press Enter.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 37

Running Online

ESP32-S3 needs to be connected to a computer when it is run online. Users can use Thonny to writer and
debug programs.
1. Open Thonny and click “Open…”.

Open…

2. On the newly pop-up window, click “This computer”.

Click

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

38 Preface [Link] █

In the new dialog box, select “[Link]” in

“Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes/00.0_HelloWorld” folder.

Click

Click “Run current script” to execute the program and “Hello World” will be printed in “Shell”.

Click

Note：When running online, if you press the reset key of ESP32S3, user’s code will not be executed again. If
you wish to run the code automatically after resetting the code, please refer to the following Running Offline.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 39

Running Offline（Importance）

After ESP32-S3 is reset, it runs the file [Link] in root directory first and then runs file [Link], and finally, it
enters “Shell”. Therefore, to make ESP32-S3 execute user’s programs after resetting, we need to add a guiding
program in [Link] to execute user’s code.

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”. Open “Thonny”。

Expand “00.1_Boot” in the “Micropython_Codes” in the directory of disk(D), and double-click [Link], which
is provided by us to enable programs in “MicroPython device” to run offline.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

40 Preface [Link] █

If you want your written programs to run offline, you need to upload [Link] we provided and all your
codes to “MicroPython device” and press ESP32S3’s reset key. Here we use programs 00.0 and 00.1 as
examples. Select “[Link]”, right-click to select “Upload to /”.

Upload [Link] to “/”

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 41

Similarly, upload “[Link]” to “MicroPython device”.

Upload [Link] to “/”

[Link] has been uploaded here.

Press the reset key and in the box of the illustration below, you can see the code is executed.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

42 Preface [Link] █

Thonny Common Operation

Uploading Code to ESP32S3

Each time when ESP32-S3 restarts, if there is a “[Link]” in the root directory, it will execute this code first.

Codes in
ESP32S3’s root
directory will be
executed
automatically.

[Link]

Select “[Link]” in “01.1_Blink”, right-click your mouse and select “Upload to /” to upload code to ESP32S3’s
root directory.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 43

Downloading Code to Computer

Select “[Link]” in “MicroPython device”, right-click to select “Download to ...” to download the code to your
computer.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

44 Preface [Link] █

Deleting Files from ESP32S3’s Root Directory

Select “[Link]” in “MicroPython device”, right-click it and select “Delete” to delete “[Link]” from ESP32S3’s
root directory.

Deleting Files from your Computer Directory

Select “[Link]” in “00.1_Boot”, right-click it and select “Move to Recycle Bin” to delete it from “00.1_Boot”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 45

Creating and Saving the code

Click “File”→“New” to create and write codes.

Enter codes in the newly opened file. Here we use codes of “01.1_Blink.py” as an example.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

46 Preface [Link] █

Click “Save” on the menu bar. You can save the codes either to your computer or to ESP32S3.

Save

Select “MicroPython device”, enter “[Link]” in the newly pop-up window and click “OK”.

Click

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 47

You can see that codes have been uploaded to ESP32S3.

Disconnect and reconnect USB cable, and you can see that LED is ON for one second and then OFF for one
second, which repeats in an endless loop.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

48 Preface [Link] █

If you want to exit the offline operation mode, you can press Ctrl+C at the same time in the shell to let the
ESP32-S3 exit the offline operation mode.

Move the mouse here and press Ctrl+C.

If there is no response after pressing, it is recommended to press again until exiting.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 49

Notes for GPIO

Strapping Pin

There are four Strapping pins for ESP32S3：GPIO0、GPIO45、GPIO46、GPIO3。

With the release of the chip's system reset (power-on reset, RTC watchdog reset, undervoltage reset), the
strapping pins sample the level and store it in the latch as "0" or "1" ", and keep it until the chip is powered
off or turned off.
Each Strapping pin is connecting to internal pull-up/pull-down. Connecting to high-impedance external
circuit or without an external connection, a strapping pin's default value of input level will be determined by
internal weak pull-up/pull-down. To change the value of the Strapping, users can apply an external pull-
down/pull-up resistor, or use the GPIO of the host MCU to control the level of the strapping pin when the
ESP32-S3’s power on reset is released.
When releasing the reset, the strapping pin has the same function as a normal pin.
The followings are default configurations of these four strapping pins at power-on and their functions under
the corresponding configuration.

If you have any difficulties or questions with this tutorial or toolkit, feel free to ask for our quick and free
technical support through support@[Link] at any time.
or check: [Link]
1u_datasheet_en.pdf

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

50 Preface [Link] █

PSRAM Pin

The modules on the ESP32-S3 WROOM board use the ESP32-S3R8 chip with 8MB external Flash. When using
OPI PSRAM, please note that GPIO35-GPIO37 on the ESP32-S3 WROOM board cannot be used for other
purposes. When OPI PSRAM is not used, GPIO35-GPIO37 on the board can be used as a common GPIO.

SDcard Pin

An SD card slot is integrated on the back of the ESP32-S3 WROOM board. We can use GPIO38-GPIO40 of
ESP32-S3 WROOM to drive the SD card.

USB Pin

In Micropython, GPIO19 and GPIO20 are used for the USB function of ESP32S3, so they cannot be used as
other functions!

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Preface 51

Cam Pin

When using the camera of our ESP32-S3 WROOM, please check the pins of it. Pins with underlined
numbers are used by the camera function, if you want to use other functions besides it, please avoid using
them.

CAM_Pin GPIO_pin
SIOD GPIO4
SIOC GPIO5
CSI_VYSNC GPIO6
CSI_HREF GPIO7
CSI_Y9 GPIO16
XCLK GPIO15
CSI_Y8 GPIO17
CSI_Y7 GPIO18
CSI_PCLK GPIO13
CSI_Y6 GPIO12
CSI_Y2 GPIO11
CSI_Y5 GPIO10
CSI_Y3 GPIO9
CSI_Y4 GPIO8
If you have any questions about the information of GPIO, you can click here to go back to ESP32-S3
WROOM to view specific information about GPIO.
or check: [Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

52 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

Chapter 1 LED (Important)

This chapter is the Start Point in the journey to build and explore ESP32-S3 WROOM electronic projects. We
will start with simple “Blink” project.

Project 1.1 Blink

In this project, we will use ESP32-S3 WROOM to control blinking a common LED.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Power
ESP32-S3 WROOM needs 5v power supply. In this tutorial, we need connect ESP32-S3 WROOM to computer
via USB cable to power it and program it. We can also use other 5v power source to power it.

In the following projects, we only use USB cable to power ESP32-S3 WROOM by default.
In the whole tutorial, we don’t use T extension to power ESP32-S3 WROOM. So 5V and 3.3V (includeing EXT
3.3V) on the extension board are provided by ESP32-S3 WROOM.
We can also use DC jack of extension board to power ESP32-S3 WROOM. In this way, 5v and EXT 3.3v on
extension board are provided by external power resource.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 53

Code

Codes used in this tutorial are saved in “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/

Python_Codes”. You can move the codes to any location. For example, we save the codes in Disk(D) with
the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

01.1_Blink
Open “Thonny”，click “This computer”→“D:”→“Micropython_Codes”.

Expand folder “01.1_Blink” and double click “[Link]” to open it. As shown in the illustration below.

Make sure ESP32-S3 has been connected with the computer with ESP32-S3 correctly. Click “Stop/Restart
backend” or press the reset button, and then wait to see what interface will show up.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

54 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

1，Stop/Restart backend

2，Run current script

This indicates
that the
conection is
successful.

Click “Run current script” shown in the box above，the code starts to be executed and the LED in the
circuit starts to blink.

[Link](1) [Link](0)

Note:
This is the code running online. If you disconnect USB cable and repower ESP32-S3 or press its reset key, LED
stops blinking and the following messages will be displayed in Thonny.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 55

Uploading code to ESP32S3

As shown in the following illustration, right-click the file [Link] and select “Upload to /” to upload code to
ESP32S3.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

56 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

Upload [Link] in the same way.

Make sure you have

uploaded [Link] and
[Link] here,

Press the reset key of ESP32-S3 and you can see LED is ON for one second and then OFF for one second,
which repeats in an endless loop.

[Link](0) [Link](1)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 57

If you want to exit the offline operation mode, you can press Ctrl+C at the same time in the shell to let the
ESP32-S3 exit the offline operation mode.

Move the mouse here and press Ctrl+C

If there is no response after pressing, it is recommended to press again until exiting.

If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

58 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 from time import sleep_ms
2 from machine import Pin
3
4 led=Pin(2,[Link]) #create LED object from pin2,Set Pin2 to output
5 try:
6 while True:
7 [Link](1) #Set led turn on
8 sleep_ms(1000)
9 [Link](0) #Set led turn off
10 sleep_ms(1000)
11 except:
12 pass
Each time a new file is opened, the program will be executed from top to bottom. When encountering a loop
construction, it will execute the loop statement according to the loop condition.
Setup 1 from time import sleep_ms
2 from machine import Pin
3
4 led=Pin(2,[Link]) #create LED object from pin2,Set Pin2 to output
Loop 5 try:
6 while True:
… ...
11 except:
12 pass

Print() function is used to print data to Terminal. It can be executed in Terminal directly or be written in a
Python file and executed by running the file.
print(“Hello world!”)
Each time when using the functions of ESP32S3, you need to import modules corresponding to those
functions: Import sleep_ms module of time module and Pin module of machine module.
1 from time import sleep_ms
2 from machine import Pin
Configure GPIO2 of ESP32-S3 to output mode and assign it to an object named “led”.
4 led=Pin(2,[Link]) #create LED object from pin2,Set Pin2 to output
It means that from now on, LED represents GPIO2 that is in output mode.
Set the value of LED to 1 and GPIO2 will output high level.
7 [Link](1) #Set led turn on
Set the value of LED to 0 and GPIO2 will output low level.
9 [Link](0) #Set led turn on
Execute codes in a while loop.
6 while True:
… …

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 59

Put statements that may cause an error in “try” block and the executing statements when an error occurs in
“except” block. In general, when the program executes statements, it will execute those in “try” block.
However, when an error occurs to ESP32-S3 due to some interference or other reasons, it will execute
statements in “except” block.
“Pass” is an empty statement. When it is executed, nothing happens. It is useful as a placeholder to make the
structure of a program look better.
5 try:
… ...
11 except:
12 pass
The single-line comment of Micropython starts with a “#” and continues to the end of the line. Comments
help us to understand code. When programs are running, Thonny will ignore comments.
9 #Set led turn on
MicroPython uses indentations to distinguish different blocks of code instead of braces. The number of
indentations is changeable, but it must be consistent throughout one block. If the indentation of the same
code block is inconsistent, it will cause errors when the program runs.
6 while True:
7 [Link](1) #Set led turn on
8 sleep_ms(1000)
9 [Link](0) #Set led turn off
10 sleep_ms(1000)

How to import python files

Whether to import the built-in python module or to import that written by users, the command “import” is
needed.
If you import the module directly you should indicate the module to which the function or attribute belongs
when using the function or attribute (constant, variable) in the module. The format should be: <module
name>.<function or attribute>, otherwise an error will occur.

If you only want to import a certain function or attribute in the module, use the from...import statement.
The format is as follows

When using “from...import” statement to import function, to avoid conflicts and for easy understanding,
you can use “as” statement to rename the imported function, as follows

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

60 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

Reference
Class machine
Before each use of the machine module, please add the statement “import machine” to the top of python
file.
[Link](freq_val): When freq_val is not specified, it is to return to the current CPU frequency;
Otherwise, it is to set the current CPU frequency.
freq_val: 80000000(80MHz)、160000000(160MHz)、240000000(240MHz)
[Link](): A reset function. When it is called, the program will be reset.
machine.unique_id(): Obtains MAC address of the device.
[Link](): Turns off any temporarily unused functions on the chip and its clock, which is useful to
reduce power consumption at any time during short or long periods.
machine.disable_irq(): Disables interrupt requests and return the previous IRQ state. The disable_irq ()
function and enable_irq () function need to be used together; Otherwise the machine will crash and
restart.
machine.enable_irq(state): To re-enable interrupt requests. The parameter state should be the value that
was returned from the most recent call to the disable_irq() function
machine.time_pulse_us(pin, pulse_level, timeout_us=1000000):
Tests the duration of the external pulse level on the given pin and returns the duration of the external
pulse level in microseconds. When pulse level = 1, it tests the high level duration; When pulse level = 0, it
tests the low level duration.
If the setting level is not consistent with the current pulse level, it will wait until they are consistent, and
then start timing. If the set level is consistent with the current pulse level, it will start timing immediately.
When the pin level is opposite to the set level, it will wait for timeout and return “-2”. When the pin
level and the set level is the same, it will also wait timeout but return “-1”. timeout_us is the duration of
timeout.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 61

Class Pin(id[, mode, pull, value])

Before each use of the Pin module, please add the statement “from machine import Pin” to the top of
python file.
id: Arbitrary pin number
mode: Mode of pins
[Link]: Input Mode
[Link]: Output Mode
Pin.OPEN_DRAIN: Open-drain Mode
Pull: Whether to enable the internal pull up and down mode
None: No pull up or pull down resistors
Pin.PULL_UP: Pull-up Mode, outputting high level by default
Pin.PULL_DOWN: Pull-down Mode, outputting low level by default
Value: State of the pin level, 0/1
[Link](mode, pull): Initialize pins
[Link]([value]): Obtain or set state of the pin level, return 0 or 1 according to the logic level of pins.
Without parameter, it reads input level. With parameter given, it is to set output level.
value: It can be either True/False or 1/0.
[Link](trigger, handler): Configures an interrupt handler to be called when the pin level meets a condition.
trigger:
Pin.IRQ_FALLING: interrupt on falling edge
Pin.IRQ_RISING: interrupt on rising edge
3: interrupt on both edges
Handler: callback function

Class time
Before each use of the time module, please add the statement “import time” to the top of python file
[Link](sec): Sleeps for the given number of seconds
sec: This argument should be either an int or a float.
time.sleep_ms(ms): Sleeps for the given number of milliseconds, ms should be an int.
time.sleep_us(us): Sleeps for the given number of microseconds, us should be an int.
[Link](): Obtains the timestamp of CPU, with second as its unit.
time.ticks_ms(): Returns the incrementing millisecond counter value, which recounts after some values.
time.ticks_us(): Returns microsecond
time.ticks_cpu(): Similar to ticks_ms() and ticks_us(), but it is more accurate(return clock of CPU).
time.ticks_add(ticks, delta): Gets the timestamp after the offset.
ticks: ticks_ms()、ticks_us()、ticks_cpu()
delta: Delta can be an arbitrary integer number or numeric expression
time.ticks_diff(old_t, new_t): Calculates the interval between two timestamps, such as ticks_ms(), ticks_us()
or ticks_cpu().
old_t: Starting time
new_t: Ending time

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

62 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

Project 1.2 Blink

In this project, we will use ESP32-S3 WROOM to control blinking a common LED.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

LED x1 Resistor 220Ω x1 Jumper M/M x2

Component knowledge

LED
A LED is a type of diode. All diodes only work if current is flowing in the correct direction and have two poles.
A LED will only work (light up) if the longer pin (+) of LED is connected to the positive output from a power
source and the shorter pin is connected to the negative (-). Negative output is also referred to as Ground
(GND). This type of component is known as “diodes” (think One-Way Street).
All common 2 lead diodes are the same in this respect. Diodes work only if the voltage of its positive electrode

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 63

is higher than its negative electrode and there is a narrow range of operating voltage for most all common
diodes of 1.9 and 3.4V. If you use much more than 3.3V the LED will be damaged and burn out.

Note: LEDs cannot be directly connected to a power supply, which usually ends in a damaged component. A
resistor with a specified resistance value must be connected in series to the LED you plan to use.
Resistor
Resistors use Ohms (Ω) as the unit of measurement of their resistance (R). 1MΩ=1000kΩ, 1kΩ=1000Ω.
A resistor is a passive electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of current in an electronic circuit.
On the left, we see a physical representation of a resistor, and the right is the symbol used to represent the
presence of a resistor in a circuit diagram or schematic.

The bands of color on a resistor is a shorthand code used to identify its resistance value. For more details of
resistor color codes, please refer to the appendix of this tutorial.
With a fixed voltage, there will be less current output with greater resistance added to the circuit. The
relationship between Current, Voltage and Resistance can be expressed by this formula: I=V/R known as
Ohm’s Law where I = Current, V = Voltage and R = Resistance. Knowing the values of any two of these
allows you to solve the value of the third.
In the following diagram, the current through R1 is: I=U/R=5V/10kΩ=0.0005A=0.5mA.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

64 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

WARNING: Never connect the two poles of a power supply with anything of low resistance value (i.e. a metal
object or bare wire) this is a Short and results in high current that may damage the power supply and electronic
components.
Note: Unlike LEDs and diodes, resistors have no poles and re non-polar (it does not matter which direction
you insert them into a circuit, it will work the same)
Breadboard
Here we have a small breadboard as an example of how the rows of holes (sockets) are electrically attached.
The left picture shows the way to connect pins. The right picture shows the practical internal structure.

Power
ESP32-S3 WROOM needs 5v power supply. In this tutorial, we need connect ESP32-S3 WROOM to computer
via USB cable to power it and program it. We can also use other 5v power source to power it.

In the following projects, we only use USB cable to power ESP32-S3 WROOM by default.
In the whole tutorial, we don’t use T extension to power ESP32-S3 WROOM. So 5V and 3.3V (includeing EXT
3.3V) on the extension board are provided by ESP32-S3 WROOM.
We can also use DC jack of extension board to power ESP32-S3 [Link] this way, 5v and EXT 3.3v on
extension board are provided by external power resource.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 65

Circuit

First, disconnect all power from the ESP32-S3 WROOM. Then build the circuit according to the circuit and
hardware diagrams. After the circuit is built and verified correct, connect the PC to ESP32-S3 WROOM.

CAUTION: Avoid any possible short circuits (especially connecting 5V or GND, 3.3V and GND)! WARNING: A
short circuit can cause high current in your circuit, generate excessive component heat and cause permanent
damage to your hardware!
Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Longer Pin

Don't rotate ESP32-S3 WROOM 180° for connection.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

66 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

Code

Codes used in this tutorial are saved in “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/

Python_Codes”. You can move the codes to any location. For example, we save the codes in Disk(D) with
the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

01.1_Blink
Open “Thonny”，click “This computer”→“D:”→“Micropython_Codes”.

Expand folder “01.1_Blink” and double click “[Link]” to open it. As shown in the illustration below.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 67

Make sure ESP32-S3 has been connected with the computer with ESP32-S3 correctly. Click “Stop/Restart
backend” or press the reset button, and then wait to see what interface will show up.

1，Stop/Restart backend

2，Run current script

This indicates
that the
conection is
successful.

Click “Run current script” shown in the box above，the code starts to be executed and the LED in the
circuit starts to blink.

[Link](1) [Link](0)

Note:
This is the code running online. If you disconnect USB cable and repower ESP32-S3 or press its reset key, LED
stops blinking and the following messages will be displayed in Thonny.

Uploading code to ESP32S3

As shown in the following illustration, right-click the file [Link] and select “Upload to /” to upload code to
ESP32S3.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

68 Chapter 1 LED (Important) [Link] █

Upload [Link] in the same way.

Make sure you have

uploaded [Link] and
[Link] here,

Press the reset key of ESP32-S3 and you can see LED is ON for one second and then OFF for one second,
which repeats in an endless loop.
Press the reset key of ESP32-S3 and you can see LED is ON for one second and then OFF for one second,
which repeats in an endless loop.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 1 LED (Important) 69

If you want to exit the offline operation mode, you can press Ctrl+C at the same time in the shell to let the
ESP32-S3 exit the offline operation mode.

Move the mouse here and press Ctrl+C

If there is no response after pressing, it is recommended to press again until exiting.

If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

70 Chapter 2 Button & LED [Link] █

Chapter 2 Button & LED

Usually, there are three essential parts in a complete automatic control device: INPUT, OUTPUT, and CONTROL.
In last section, the LED module was the output part and ESP32-S3 was the control part. In practical applications,
we not only make LEDs flash, but also make a device sense the surrounding environment, receive instructions
and then take the appropriate action such as LEDs light up, make a buzzer turn ON and so on.

Control:
ESP32S3,
RPI, Arduino,
MCU and etc.

Input: Output:
switches, sensors LED, buzzer,
and etc. motor and etc.

Next, we will build a simple control system to control a LED through a push button switch.

Project 2.1 Button & LED

In the project, we will control the LED state through a Push Button Switch. When the button is pressed, our
LED will turn ON, and when it is released, the LED will turn OFF.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 2 Button & LED 71

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Jumper M/M x4 LED x1 Resistor 220Ω x1 Resistor 10kΩ x2 Push button x1

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

72 Chapter 2 Button & LED [Link] █

Component knowledge

Push button
This type of push button switch has 4 pins (2 Pole Switch). Two pins on the left are connected, and both left
and right sides are the same per the illustration:

When the button on the switch is pressed, the circuit is completed (your project is powered ON).

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 2 Button & LED 73

Code

This project is designed to learn to control an LED with a push button switch. First, we need to read the state
of the switch and then decide whether the LED is turned on or not based on it.
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”，click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “02.1_ButtonAndLed” and
double click “[Link]”.
02.1_ButtonAndLed

click

Click “Run current script” shown in the box of the above illustration, press the push button switch, LED
turns ON; release the switch, LED turns OFF.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

74 Chapter 2 Button & LED [Link] █

Upload Code to ESP32S3

As shown in the following illustration, right-click file 02.1_ButtonAndLed and select “Upload to /” to upload
code to ESP32S3.

Upload [Link] in the same way.

Make sure you have

uploaded [Link]
[Link] here.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 2 Button & LED 75

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin
2
3 led = Pin(2, [Link])
4
5 #create button object from pin13,Set Pin13 to Input
6 button = Pin(13, [Link],Pin.PULL_UP)
7
8 try:
9 while True:
10 if not [Link]():
11 [Link](1) #Set led turn on
12 else:
13 [Link](0) #Set led turn off
14 except:
15 pass
In this project, we use the Pin module of the machine, so before initializing the Pin, we need to import this
module first.
1 from machine import Pin
In the circuit connection, LED and Button are connected with GPIO2 and GPIO13 respectively, so define led
and button as 2 and 13 respectively.
3 led = Pin(2, [Link])
4
5 #create button object from pin13,Set Pin13 to Input
6 button = Pin(13, [Link],Pin.PULL_UP)
Read the pin state of button with value() function. Press the button switch, the function returns low level and
the result of “if” is true, and then LED will be turned ON; Otherwise, LED is turned OFF.
9 while True:
10 if not [Link]():
11 [Link](1) #Set led turn on
12 else:
13 [Link](0) #Set led turn off
If statement is used to execute the next statement when a certain condition is proved to be true (or non0). It
is often used together with “else” statement, which judges other statements except the if statement. If you
need to judge if the result of a condition is 0, you can use if not statement.
10 if not [Link]():
11 …
12 else:
13 …

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

76 Chapter 2 Button & LED [Link] █

Project 2.2 MINI table lamp

We will also use a push button switch, LED and ESP32-S3 to make a MINI table lamp but this will function
differently: Press the button, the LED will turn ON, and pressing the button again, the LED turns OFF. The ON
switch action is no longer momentary (like a door bell) but remains ON without needing to continually press
on the Button Switch.
First, let us learn something about the push button switch.

Debounce for Push Button

The moment when a push button switch is pressed, it will not change from one state to another state
immediately. Due to tiny mechanical vibrations, there will be a short period of continuous buffeting before it
completely reaches another state too fast for humans to detect but not for computer microcontrollers. The
same is true when the push button switch is released. This unwanted phenomenon is known as “bounce”.
press stable release stable

Ideal state

Virtual state

Therefore, if we can directly detect the state of the push button switch, there are multiple pressing and
releasing actions in one pressing cycle. This buffeting will mislead the high-speed operation of the
microcontroller to cause many false decisions. Therefore, we need to eliminate the impact of buffeting. Our
solution: to judge the state of the button multiple times. Only when the button state is stable (consistent) over
a period of time, can it indicate that the button is actually in the ON state (being pressed).
This project needs the same components and circuits as we used in the previous section.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 2 Button & LED 77

Code

02.2_Tablelamp
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”，click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “02.2_TableLamp”and double
click “[Link]”.

Click

Click “Run current script” shown in the box of the above illustration, press the push button switch, LED
turns ON; press it again, LED turns OFF.

If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

78 Chapter 2 Button & LED [Link] █

Upload code to ESP32S3

As shown in the following illustration, right-click file 02.2_TableLamp and select “Upload to /” to upload code
to ESP32S3.

Upload [Link] in the same way.

Make sure you have

uploaded [Link] and
[Link] here

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 2 Button & LED 79

Press ESP32S3’s reset key, and then push the button switch, LED turns ON; Push the button again, LED turns
OFF.

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2 from machine import Pin
3
4 led = Pin(2, [Link])
5 button = Pin(13, [Link], Pin.PULL_UP)
6
7 def reverseGPIO():
8 if [Link]():
9 [Link](0)
10 else:
11 [Link](1)
12
13 while True:
14 if not [Link]():
15 time.sleep_ms(20)
16 if not [Link]():
17 reverseGPIO()
18 while not [Link]():
19 time.sleep_ms(20)
When the button is detected to be pressed, delay 20ms to avoid the effect of bounce, and then check whether
the button has been pressed again. If so, the conditional statement will be executed, otherwise it will not be
executed.
13 while True:
14 if not [Link]():
15 time.sleep_ms(20)
16 if not [Link]():
17 reverseGPIO()
18 while not [Link]():
19 time.sleep_ms(20)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

80 Chapter 2 Button & LED [Link] █

Customize a function and name it reverseGPIO(), which reverses the output level of the LED.
7 def reverseGPIO():
8 if [Link]():
9 [Link](0)
10 else:
11 [Link](1)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 3 LED Bar 81

Chapter 3 LED Bar

We have learned how to control a LED blinking, next we will learn how to control a number of LEDs.

Project 3.1 Flowing Light

In this project, we use a number of LEDs to make a flowing light.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Jumper M/M x10 LED bar graph x1 Resistor 220Ω x10

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

82 Chapter 3 LED Bar [Link] █

Component knowledge

Let’s learn about the basic features of these components to use and understand them better.
LED bar
A LED bar graph has 10 LEDs integrated into one compact component. The two rows of pins at its bottom
are paired to identify each LED like the single LED used earlier.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 3 LED Bar 83

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

If LED bar does not work, try to rotate it for 180°. The label is random.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

84 Chapter 3 LED Bar [Link] █

Code

This project is designed to make a flowing water lamp. Which are these actions: First turn LED #1 ON, then
turn it OFF. Then turn LED #2 ON, and then turn it OFF... and repeat the same to all 10 LEDs until the last LED
is turns OFF. This process is repeated to achieve the “movements” of flowing water.
03.1_FlowingLight
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”，click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “03.1_FlowingLight” and
double click “[Link]”.

click

Click “Run current script” shown in the box above, LED Bar Graph will light up from left to right and then back
from right to left.

If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 3 LED Bar 85

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2 from machine import Pin
3
4 pins=[21,47,48,38,39,40,41,42,2,1]
5
6 def showled():
7 length=len(pins)
8 for i in range(0,length):
9 led=Pin(pins[i],[Link])
10 [Link](1)
11 time.sleep_ms(100)
12 [Link](0)
13 for i in range(0,length):
14 led=Pin(pins[(length-i-1)],[Link])
15 [Link](1)
16 time.sleep_ms(100)
17 [Link](0)
18
19 while True:
20 showled()
Use an array to define 10 GPIO ports connected to LED Bar Graph for easier operation.
4 pins=[21,47,48,38,39,40,41,42,2,1]
Use len() function to obtain the amount of elements in the list and use a for loop to configure pins as output
mode.
7 length=len(pins)
8 for i in range(0,length):
9 led=Pin(pins[i],[Link])
Use two for loops to turn on LEDs separately from left to right and then back from right to left.
8 for i in range(0,length):
9 led=Pin(pins[i],[Link])
10 [Link](1)
11 time.sleep_ms(100)
12 [Link](0)
13 for i in range(0,length):
14 led=Pin(pins[(length-i-1)],[Link])
15 [Link](1)
16 time.sleep_ms(100)
17 [Link](0)

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86 Chapter 3 LED Bar [Link] █

Reference
for i in range(start,end,num: int=1)
For loop is used to execute a program endlessly and iterate in the order of items (a list or a string) in the
sequence
start: The initial value, the for loop starts with it
end: The ending value, the for loop end with it
num: Num is automatically added each time to the data. The default value is 1

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 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 87

Chapter 4 Analog & PWM

In previous study, we have known that one button has two states: pressed and released, and LED has light-
on/off state, then how to enter a middle state? How to output an intermediate state to let LED "semi bright"?
That's what we're going to learn.
First, let’s learn how to control the brightness of a LED.

Project 4.1 Breathing LED

Breathing light, that is, LED is turned from off to on gradually, and gradually from on to off, just like "breathing".
So, how to control the brightness of a LED? We will use PWM to achieve this target.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

LED x1 Resistor 220Ω x1 Jumper M/M x2

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

88 Chapter 4 Analog & PWM [Link] █

Related knowledge

Analog & Digital

An analog signal is a continuous signal in both time and value. On the contrary, a digital signal or discrete-
time signal is a time series consisting of a sequence of quantities. Most signals in life are analog signals. A
familiar example of an analog signal would be how the temperature throughout the day is continuously
changing and could not suddenly change instantaneously from 0℃ to 10℃. However, digital signals can
instantaneously change in value. This change is expressed in numbers as 1 and 0 (the basis of binary code).
Their differences can more easily be seen when compared when graphed as below.

In practical application, we often use binary as the digital signal, that is a series of 0’s and 1’s. Since a binary
signal only has two values (0 or 1), it has great stability and reliability. Lastly, both analog and digital signals
can be converted into the other.
PWM
PWM, Pulse-Width Modulation, is a very effective method for using digital signals to control analog circuits.
Common processors cannot directly output analog signals. PWM technology makes it very convenient to
achieve this conversion (translation of digital to analog signals)
PWM technology uses digital pins to send certain frequencies of square waves, that is, the output of high
levels and low levels, which alternately last for a while. The total time for each set of high levels and low levels
is generally fixed, which is called the period (Note: the reciprocal of the period is frequency). The time of high
level outputs are generally called “pulse width”, and the duty cycle is the percentage of the ratio of pulse
duration, or pulse width (PW) to the total period (T) of the waveform.
The longer the outputs of high levels last, the longer the duty cycle and the higher the corresponding voltage
in the analog signal will be. The following figures show how the analog signal voltages vary between 0V-5V
(high level is 5V) corresponding to the pulse width 0%-100%:

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 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 89

The longer the PWM duty cycle is, the higher the output power will be. Now that we understand this
relationship, we can use PWM to control the brightness of a LED or the speed of DC motor and so on.
It is evident from the above that PWM is not real analog, and the effective value of the voltage is equivalent
to the corresponding analog. Therefore, we can control the output power of the LED and other output
modules to achieve different effects.

ESP32-S3 and PWM

On ESP32S3, the LEDC(PWM) controller has 8 separate channels, each of which can independently control
frequency, duty cycle, and even accuracy. Unlike traditional PWM pins, the PWM output pins of ESP32-S3 are
configurable, with one or more PWM output pins per channel. The relationship between the maximum
frequency and bit precision is shown in the following formula, where the maximum value of bit is 31.

80,000,000
Freqmax =
1≪𝑏𝑖𝑡
8
For example, generate a PWM with an 8-bit precision (2 =256. Values range from 0 to 255) with a maximum
frequency of 80,000,000/256 = 312,500Hz.）

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90 Chapter 4 Analog & PWM [Link] █

Circuit

This circuit is the same as the one in engineering Blink.

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Longer Pin

Don't rotate ESP32-S3 WROOM 180° for connection.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 91

Code

This project is designed to make PWM output GPIO2 with pulse width increasing from 0% to 100%, and then
reducing from 100% to 0% gradually.
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”，click“This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “04.1_BreatheLight” and double
click “[Link]”.
04.1_BreatheLight

Click “Run current script”, and you'll see that LED is turned from ON to OFF and then back from OFF to ON
gradually like breathing.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

92 Chapter 4 Analog & PWM [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin,PWM
2 import time
3
4 pwm =PWM(Pin(2,[Link]),10000)
5 try:
6 while True:
7 for i in range(0,1023):
8 [Link](i)
9 time.sleep_ms(1)
10
11 for i in range(0,1023):
12 [Link](1023-i)
13 time.sleep_ms(1)
14 except:
15 [Link]()
The way that the ESP32-S3 PWM pins output is different from traditionally controllers. It can change frequency
and duty cycle by configuring PWM’s parameters at the initialization stage. Define GPIO2’s output frequency
as 10000Hz, and assign them to PWM.
4 pwm =PWM(Pin(2,[Link]),10000)
The range of duty cycle is 0-1023, so we use the first for loop to control PWM to change the duty cycle value,
making PWM output 0% -100%; Use the second for loop to make PWM output 100%-0%.
7 for i in range(0,1023):
8 [Link](i)
9 time.sleep_ms(1)
10
11 for i in range(0,1023):
12 [Link](1023-i)
13 time.sleep_ms(1)
Each time PWM is used, the hardware Timer will be turned ON to cooperate it. Therefore, after each use of
PWM, deinit() needs to be called to turned OFF the timer. Otherwise, the PWM may fail to work next time.
15 [Link]()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 93

Reference
Class PWM(pin, freq)
Before each use of PWM module, please add the statement “from machine import PWM” to the top of
the python file.

pin: Any pin supports PWM output, except GPIO19,20

freq: Output frequency, with the range of 0-78125 Hz
duty: Duty cycle, with the range of 0-1023.
[Link](freq, duty): Initialize PWM, parameters are the same as above.
[Link]([freq_val]): When there is no parameter, the function obtains and returns PWM frequency;
When parameters are set, the function is used to set PWM frequency and returns nothing.
[Link]([duty_val]): When there is no parameter, the function obtains and returns PWM duty cycle;
When parameters are set, the function is used to set PWM duty cycle.
[Link](): Turn OFF PWM.

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94 Chapter 4 Analog & PWM [Link] █

Project 4.2 Meteor Flowing Light

After learning about PWM, we can use it to control LED bar graph and realize a cooler flowing light.
The component list, circuit, and hardware are exactly consistent with the project Flowing Light.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Jumper M/M x8 LED bar graph x1 Resistor 220Ω x8

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 95

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

96 Chapter 4 Analog & PWM [Link] █

Code

Flowing Light with tail was implemented with PWM.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “04.2_FlowingLight”. Select
“[Link]”, right click to select “Upload to /”, wait for “[Link]” to be uploaded to ESP32-S3 and then
double click “[Link]”.
04.2_FlowingLight

Click “Run current script”, and LED Bar Graph will gradually light up and out from left to right, then light up
and out from right to left.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 97

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin,PWM
2 from pwm import myPWM
3 import time
4
5 mypwm = myPWM(21,47,38,39,40,41,42,2)
6 chns=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7];
7 dutys=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1023,512,256,128,64,32,16,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
8 delayTimes=50
9
10 try:
11 while True:
12 for i in range(0,16):
13 for j in range(0,8):
14 [Link](chns[j],dutys[i+j])
15 time.sleep_ms(delayTimes)
16
17 for i in range(0,16):
18 for j in range(0,8):
19 [Link](chns[7-j],dutys[i+j])
20 time.sleep_ms(delayTimes)
21 except:
22 [Link]()
Import the object myPWM from [Link] and set corresponding pins for PWM channel.
2 from pwm import myPWM
… …
5 mypwm = myPWM(21,47,38,39,40,41,42,2)
First we defined 8 GPIO, 8 PWM channels, and 24 pulse width values.
5 mypwm = myPWM(21,47,38,39,40,41,42,2)
6 chns=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7];
7 dutys=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1023,512,256,128,64,32,16,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
Call ledcWrite()to set duty cycle dutys[i+j] for the chns[j] channel of PWM.
14 [Link](chns[j],dutys[i+j])
Close the PWM of the object myPWM.
14 [Link]()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

98 Chapter 4 Analog & PWM [Link] █

In the code, a nesting of two for loops are used to achieve this effect.
12 for i in range(0,16):
13 for j in range(0,8):
14 [Link](chns[j],dutys[i+j])
15 time.sleep_ms(delayTimes)
16
17 for i in range(0,16):
18 for j in range(0,8):
19 [Link](chns[7-j],dutys[i+j])
20 time.sleep_ms(delayTimes)
In the main function, a nested for loop is used to control the pulse width of the PWM. Every time i in the first
for loop increases by 1, the LED Bar Graph will move one grid, and gradually change according to the value
in the array dutys. As shown in the following table, the value in the second row is the value of the array dutys,
and the 8 green grids in each row below represent the 8 LEDs on the LED Bar Graph. Each time i increases by
1, the value of the LED Bar Graph will move to the right by one grid, and when it reaches the end, it will move
from the end to the starting point, achieving the desired effect.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 1 6 3 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 5 2 4 2 6
i 2 2 6 8
3
0
1
…
14
15
16
How to import a custom python module
Each Python file, as long as it's stored on the file system of ESP32S3, is a module. To import a custom module,
the module file needs to be located in the MicroPython environment variable path or in the same path as the
currently running program.
First, customize a python module “[Link]”. Create a new py file and name it “[Link]”. Write code to
it and save it to ESP32S3.

rand()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 4 Analog & PWM 99

Second, import custom module “custom” to [Link]

Import custom module

Call function rand()

of custom module

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

100 Chapter 5 RGB LED [Link] █

Chapter 5 RGB LED

In this chapter, we will learn how to control a RGB LED. It can emit different colors of light. Next, we will use
RGB LED to make a multicolored light.

Project 5.1 Random Color Light

In this project, we will make a multicolored LED. And we can control RGB LED to switch different colors
automatically.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

RGBLED x1 Resistor 220Ω x3 Jumper M/M x4

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 5 RGB LED 101

Related knowledge

RGB LED has integrated 3 LEDs that can respectively emit red, green and blue light. And it has 4 pins. The
long pin (1) is the common port, that is, 3 LED 's positive or negative port. The RGB LED with common positive
port and its symbol is shown below. We can make RGB LED emit various colors of light by controlling these 3
LEDs to emit light with different brightness,

Red, green, and blue are known as three primary colors. When you combine these three primary-color lights
with different brightness, it can produce almost all kinds of visible lights. Computer screens, single pixel of cell
phone screen, neon, and etc. are working under this principle.

RGB

8 8 8
If we use three 8-bit PWMs to control the RGB LED, in theory, we can create 2 *2 *2 =16777216 (16 million)
colors through different combinations.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

102 Chapter 5 RGB LED [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 5 RGB LED 103

Code

We need to create three PWM channels and use random duty cycle to make random RGBLED color.

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “05.1_RandomColorLight”and

double click “[Link]”.
05.1_RandomColorLight

Click “Run current script”, RGBLED begins to display random colors.

If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

104 Chapter 5 RGB LED [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin,PWM
2 from random import randint
3 import time
4
5 pins=[40,39,38]
6
7 pwm0=PWM(Pin(pins[0]),10000)
8 pwm1=PWM(Pin(pins[1]),10000)
9 pwm2=PWM(Pin(pins[2]),10000)
10
11 def setColor(r,g,b):
12 [Link](1023-r)
13 [Link](1023-g)
14 [Link](1023-b)
15
16 try:
17 while True:
18 red = randint(0,1023)
19 green = randint(0,1023)
20 blue = randint(0,1023)
21 setColor(red,green,blue)
22 time.sleep_ms(200)
23 except:
24 [Link]()
25 [Link]()
26 [Link]()
Import Pin, PWM and Randon Function modules.
12 from machine import Pin,PWM
13 from random import randint
14 import time
Configure ouput mode of GPIO38, GPIO39 and GPIO40 as PWM output and PWM frequency as 10000Hz
5 pins=[40,39,38]
6
7 pwm0=PWM(Pin(pins[0]),10000)
8 pwm1=PWM(Pin(pins[1]),10000)
9 pwm2=PWM(Pin(pins[2]),10000)
Define a function to set the color of RGBLED.
11 def setColor(r,g,b):
12 [Link](1023-r)
13 [Link](1023-g)
14 [Link](1023-b)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 5 RGB LED 105

Call random function randint()to generate a random number in the range of 0-1023 and assign the value to
red.
18 red = randint(0,1023)
Obtain 3 random number every 200 milliseconds and call function setColor to make RGBLED display dazzling
colors.
17 while True:
18 red = randint(0,1023)
19 green = randint(0,1023)
20 blue = randint(0,1023)
21 setColor(red,green,blue)
22 time.sleep_ms(200)

Reference
Class random
Before each use of the module random, please add the statement “import random” to the top of
Python file.
randint(start, end): Randomly generates an integer between the value of start and end.
start: Starting value in the specified range, which would be included in the range.
end: Ending value in the specified range, which would be included in the range.
random(): Randomly generates a floating point number between 0 and 1.
[Link](start, end): Randomly generates a floating point number between the value of start and
end
start: Starting value in the specified range, which would be included in the range.
end: Ending value in the specified range, which would be included in the range.
[Link](size): Generates an integer with size random bits
For example:
size = 4, it generates an integer in the range of 0 to 0b1111
size = 8, it generates an integer in the range of 0 to 0b11111111
[Link](start, end, step): Randomly generates a positive integer in the range from start to end
and increment to step.
start: Starting value in the specified range, which would be included in the range
end: Ending value in the specified range, which would be included in the range.
step: An integer specifying the incrementation.
[Link](sed): Specifies a random seed, usually being applied in conjunction with other random
number generators
sed: Random seed, a starting point in generating random numbers.
[Link](obj): Randomly generates an element from the object obj.
obj: list of elements

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

106 Chapter 5 RGB LED [Link] █

Project 5.2 Gradient Color Light

In the previous project, we have mastered the usage of RGB LED, but the random display of colors is rather
stiff. This project will realize a fashionable light with soft color changes.

Component list and the circuit are exactly the same as the random color light.

Using a color model, the color changes from 0 to 255 as shown below.

In this code, the color model will be implemented and RGBLED will change colors along the model.
Open “Thonny”, click“This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “05.2_GradientColorLight” and
double click “[Link]”.
05.2_GradientColorLight
The following is the program code:
1 from machine import Pin,PWM
2 import time
3
4 pins=[40,39,38];
5
6 pwm0=PWM(Pin(pins[0]),1000)
7 pwm1=PWM(Pin(pins[1]),1000)
8 pwm2=PWM(Pin(pins[2]),1000)
9
10 red=0 #red
11 green=0 #green
12 blue=0 #blue
13
14 def setColor():
15 [Link](red)
16 [Link](green)
17 [Link](blue)
18
19 def wheel(pos):
20 global red,green,blue
21 WheelPos=pos%1023
22 print(WheelPos)
23 if WheelPos<341:
24 red=1023-WheelPos*3
25 green=WheelPos*3

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 5 RGB LED 107

26 blue=0
27
28 elif WheelPos>=341 and WheelPos<682:
29 WheelPos -= 341;
30 red=0
31 green=1023-WheelPos*3
32 blue=WheelPos*3
33 else :
34 WheelPos -= 682;
35 red=WheelPos*3
36 green=0
37 blue=1023-WheelPos*3
38
39 try:
40 while True:
41 for i in range(0,1023):
42 wheel(i)
43 setColor()
44 time.sleep_ms(15)
45 except:
46 [Link]()
47 [Link]()
48 [Link]()
The function wheel() is a color selection method of the color model introduced earlier. The value range of the
parameter pos is 0-1023. The function will return a data containing the duty cycle values of 3 pins.
19 def wheel(pos):
20 global red,green,blue
21 WheelPos=pos%1023
22 print(WheelPos)
23 if WheelPos<341:
24 red=1023-WheelPos*3
25 green=WheelPos*3
26 blue=0
27
28 elif WheelPos>=341 and WheelPos<682:
29 WheelPos -= 341;
30 red=0
31 green=1023-WheelPos*3
32 blue=WheelPos*3
33 else :
34 WheelPos -= 682;
35 red=WheelPos*3
36 green=0
37 blue=1023-WheelPos*3

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

108 Chapter 5 RGB LED [Link] █

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 6 Buzzer 109

Chapter 6 Buzzer
In this chapter, we will learn about buzzers that can make sounds.

Project 6.1 Doorbell

We will make this kind of doorbell: when the button is pressed, the buzzer sounds; and when the button is
released, the buzzer stops sounding.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Jumper M/M x6

NPN transistorx1 Active buzzer x1 Push button x1 Resistor 1kΩ x1 Resistor 10kΩ x2
(S8050)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

110 Chapter 6 Buzzer [Link] █

Component knowledge

Buzzer
Buzzer is a sounding component, which is widely used in electronic devices such as calculator, electronic
warning clock and alarm. Buzzer has two types: active and passive. Active buzzer has oscillator inside, which
will sound as long as it is supplied with power. Passive buzzer requires external oscillator signal (generally use
PWM with different frequency) to make a sound.

Active buzzer Passive buzzer

Active buzzer is easy to use. Generally, it can only make a specific frequency of sound. Passive buzzer
requires an external circuit to make a sound, but it can be controlled to make a sound with different
frequency. The resonant frequency of the passive buzzer is 2kHz, which means the passive buzzer is loudest
when its resonant frequency is 2kHz.
Next, we will use an active buzzer to make a doorbell and a passive buzzer to make an alarm.

How to identify active and passive buzzer?

1. Usually, there is a label on the surface of active buzzer covering the vocal hole, but this is not an absolute
judgment method.
2. Active buzzers are more complex than passive buzzers in their manufacture. There are many circuits and
crystal oscillator elements inside active buzzers; all of this is usually protected with a waterproof coating
(and a housing) exposing only its pins from the underside. On the other hand, passive buzzers do not
have protective coatings on their underside. From the pin holes viewing of a passive buzzer, you can see
the circuit board, coils, and a permanent magnet (all or any combination of these components depending
on the model.
Active buzzer Passive buzzer

Transistor
Because the buzzer requires such large current that GPIO of ESP32-S3 output capability cannot meet the
requirement, a transistor of NPN type is needed here to amplify the current.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 6 Buzzer 111

Transistor, the full name: semiconductor transistor, is a semiconductor device that controls current. Transistor
can be used to amplify weak signal, or works as a switch. It has three electrodes(PINs): base (b), collector (c)
and emitter (e). When there is current passing between "be", "ce" will allow several-fold current (transistor
magnification) pass, at this point, transistor works in the amplifying area. When current between "be" exceeds
a certain value, "ce" will not allow current to increase any longer, at this point, transistor works in the saturation
area. Transistor has two types as shown below: PNP and NPN.

PNP transistor NPN transistor

In our kit, the PNP transistor is marked with 8550, and the NPN transistor is marked with 8050.

Based on the transistor's characteristics, it is often used as a switch in digital circuits. As micro-controller's
capacity to output current is very weak, we will use transistor to amplify current and drive large-current
components.

When use NPN transistor to drive buzzer, we often adopt the following method. If GPIO outputs high level,
current will flow through R1, the transistor will get conducted, and the buzzer will sound. If GPIO outputs low
level, no current flows through R1, the transistor will not be conducted, and buzzer will not sound.

When use PNP transistor to drive buzzer, we often adopt the following method. If GPIO outputs low level,
current will flow through R1, the transistor will get conducted, and the buzzer will sound. If GPIO outputs high
level, no current flows through R1, the transistor will not be conducted, and buzzer will not sound.

NPN transistor to drive buzzer PNP transistor to drive buzzer

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

112 Chapter 6 Buzzer [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Note: in this circuit, the power supply for buzzer is 5V, and pull-up resistor of the button connected to the
power 3.3V. The buzzer can work when connected to power 3.3V, but it will reduce the loudness.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 6 Buzzer 113

Code

In this project, a buzzer will be controlled by a push button switch. When the button switch is pressed, the
buzzer sounds and when the button is released, the buzzer stops. It is analogous to our earlier project that
controlled an LED ON and OFF.

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “06.1_Doorbell” and double click
“[Link]”.
06.1_Doorbell

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

114 Chapter 6 Buzzer [Link] █

Click “Run current script”, press the push button switch and the buzzer will sound. Release the push button
switch and the buzzer will stop.

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin
2
3 button=Pin(21,[Link],Pin.PULL_UP)
4 activeBuzzer=Pin(14,[Link])
5
6 [Link](0)
7
8 while True:
9 if not [Link]():
10 [Link](1)
11 else:
12 [Link](0)
The code is logically the same as using button to control LED.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 6 Buzzer 115

Project 6.2 Alertor

Next, we will use a passive buzzer to make an alarm.

Component list and the circuit is similar to the last section. In the Doorbell circuit only the active buzzer needs
to be replaced with a passive buzzer.

Code

In this project, the buzzer alarm is controlled by the button. Press the button, then buzzer sounds. If you
release the button, the buzzer will stop sounding. In the logic, it is the same as using button to control LED.
In the control method, passive buzzer requires PWM of certain frequency to sound.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “06.2_Alertor”，and double click
“[Link]”.
06.2_Alertor

Click “Run current script”, press the button, then alarm sounds. And when the button is release, the alarm will
stop sounding.

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin,PWM
2 import math
3 import time
4
5 PI=3.14
Any concerns?  support@[Link]
116 Chapter 6 Buzzer [Link] █

6 button=Pin(21,[Link],Pin.PULL_UP)
7 passiveBuzzer=PWM(Pin(14),2000)
8
9 def alert():
10 for x in range(0,36):
11 sinVal=[Link](x*10*PI/180)
12 toneVal=2000+int(sinVal*500)
13 [Link](toneVal)
14 time.sleep_ms(10)
15 try:
16 while True:
17 if not [Link]():
18 [Link]()
19 alert()
20 else:
21 [Link]()
22 except:
[Link]()
Import PWM, Pin, math and time modules.
1 from machine import Pin,PWM
2 import math
3 import time
Define the pins of the button and passive buzzer.
5 PI=3.14
6 button=Pin(21,[Link],Pin.PULL_UP)
7 passiveBuzzer=PWM(Pin(14),2000,512)
Call sin function of math module to generate the frequency data of the passive buzzer.
9 def alert():
10 for x in range(0,36):
11 sinVal=[Link](x*10*PI/180)
12 toneVal=2000+int(sinVal*500)
13 [Link](toneVal)
14 time.sleep_ms(10)
When not using PWM, please turn it OFF in time.
22 [Link]()
Reference
double ledcWriteTone(uint8_t channel, double freq);
This updates the tone frequency value on the given channel.
This function has some bugs in the current version (V1.0.4): when the call interval is less than 20ms, the
resulting PWM will have an exception. We will get in touch with the authorities to solve this problem and
give solutions in the following two projects.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 7 Serial Communication 117

Chapter 7 Serial Communication

Serial Communication is a means of communication between different devices/devices. This section describes
ESP32-S3’s Serial Communication.

Project 7.1 Serial Print

This project uses ESP32-S3’s serial communicator to send data to the computer and print it on the serial
monitor.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Micro USB Wire x1

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

118 Chapter 7 Serial Communication [Link] █

Related knowledge

Serial communication
Serial communication generally refers to the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), which is
commonly used in electronic circuit communication. It has two communication lines, one is responsible for
sending data (TX line) and the other for receiving data (RX line). The serial communication connections two
devices use is as follows:
Device 1 Device 2
RX RX
TX TX

Before serial communication starts, the baud rate of both sides must be the same. Communication between
devices can work only if the same baud rate is used. The baud rates commonly used is 9600 and 115200.

Serial port on ESP32S3

Freenove ESP32-S3 has integrated USB to serial transfer, so it could communicate with computer connecting
to USB cable.
ESP32S3 USB to Serial Computer

UART
UART COM
USB

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer with USB cable.

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “07.1_Serial_Print” and double
“Serial_Print.py”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 7 Serial Communication 119

07.1_Serial_Print

Click “Run current script” and observe the changes of “Shell”, which will display the time when ESP32-S3 is
powered on once per second.

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2
3 print("ESP32-S3 initialization completed!")
4
5 while True:
6 print("Running time : ", time.ticks_ms()/1000, "s")
7 [Link](1)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

120 Chapter 7 Serial Communication [Link] █

ESP32-S3 has 3 serial ports, one of which is used as REPL, that is, Pin(43) and Pin(44) are occupied, and
generally it is not recommended to be used as tx, rx. The other two serial ports can be configured simply by
calling the UART module.

Reference
Class UART
Before each use of UART module, please add the statement “from machine import UART” to the top of
python file.

UART(id, baudrate, bits, parity, rx, tx, stop, timeout): Define serial ports and configure parameters for
them.
id: Serial Number. The available serial port number is 1 or 2
baudrate: Baud rate
bits: The number of each character.
parity: Check even or odd, with 0 for even checking and 1 for odd checking.
rx, tx: UAPT’s reading and writing pins
Note: Pin(1) and Pin(3) are occupied and not recommend to be used as tx,rx.
stop: The number of stop bits, and the stop bit is 1 or 2.
timeout: timeout period (Unit: millisecond)
0 < timeout ≤ 0x7FFF FFFF (decimal: 0 < timeout ≤ 2147483647)
[Link](baudrate, bits, parity, stop, tx, rx, rts, cts)): Initialize serial ports
tx: writing pins of uart
rx: reading pins of uart
rts: rts pins of uart
cts: cts pins of uart
[Link](nbytes): Read nbytes bytes
[Link](): Read data
[Link](buf): Write byte buffer to UART bus
[Link](): Read a line of data, ending with a newline character.
[Link](buf): Read and write data into buffer.
[Link](buf, nbytes): Read and write data into buffer.
[Link](): Determine whether there is data in serial ports. If yes, return the number of bytes; Otherwise,
return 0.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 7 Serial Communication 121

Project 7.2 Serial Read and Write

From last section, we use serial port on Freenove ESP32-S3 to send data to a computer, now we will use that
to receive data from computer.

Component and circuit are the same as in the previous project.

Code

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “07.2_Serial_Read_and_Write” and

double click “Serial_Read_and_Write.py”.
07.2_Serial_Read_and_Write

Click “Run current script” and ESP32-S3 will print out data at “Shell” and wait for users to enter any messages.
Press Enter to end the input, and “Shell” will print out data that the user entered. If you want to use other
serial ports, you can use other python files in the same directory.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

122 Chapter 8 AD Converter [Link] █

Chapter 8 AD Converter
Signals in life are divided into digital signals and analog signals. In this chapter, we will learn how to use
ESP32-S3 to read analog signals.

Project 8.1 Read the Voltage of Potentiometer

In this project, we will use the ADC function of ESP32-S3 to read the voltage value of the potentiometer and
print it through the serial port monitor.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Rotary potentiometer x1 Jumper M/M x3

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 8 AD Converter 123

Related knowledge

ADC
An ADC is an electronic integrated circuit used to convert analog signals such as voltages to digital or binary
form consisting of 1s and 0s. The range of our ADC on ESP32-S3 is 12 bits, that means the resolution is
2^12=4096, and it represents a range (at 3.3V) will be divided equally to 4096 parts. The rage of analog values
corresponds to ADC values. So the more bits the ADC has, the denser the partition of analog will be and the
greater the precision of the resulting conversion.

Subsection 1: the analog in rang of 0V---3.3/4095 V corresponds to digital 0;

Subsection 2: the analog in rang of 3.3/4095 V---2*3.3 /4095V corresponds to digital 1;
…
The following analog will be divided accordingly.
The conversion formula is as follows:

Analog Voltage
𝐴𝐷𝐶 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = ∗ 4095
3.3

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

124 Chapter 8 AD Converter [Link] █

ADC on ESP32S3
ESP32-S3 has two digital analog converters with successive approximations of 12-bit accuracy, and a total
of 18 pins can be used to measure analog signals. GPIO pin sequence number and analog pin definition are
shown in the following table.
GPIO number ADC channel
GPIO 1 ADC1_CH0
GPIO 2 ADC1_CH1
GPIO 3 ADC1_CH2
GPIO 4 ADC1_CH3
GPIO 5 ADC1_CH4
GPIO 6 ADC1_CH5
GPIO 7 ADC1_CH6
GPIO 8 ADC1_CH7
GPIO 9 ADC1_CH8
GPIO 10 ADC1_CH9
GPIO 11 ADC2_CH0
GPIO 12 ADC2_CH1
GPIO 13 ADC2_CH2
GPIO 14 ADC2_CH3
GPIO 15 ADC2_CH4
GPIO 16 ADC2_CH5
GPIO 17 ADC2_CH6
GPIO 18 ADC2_CH7

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 8 AD Converter 125

Component knowledge

Potentiometer
A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor. Unlike the resistors that we have used thus far in our project
which have a fixed resistance value, the resistance value of a potentiometer can be adjusted. A potentiometer
is often made up by a resistive substance (a wire or carbon element) and movable contact brush. When the
brush moves along the resistor element, there will be a change in the resistance of the potentiometer’s output
side (3) (or change in the voltage of the circuit that is a part). The illustration below represents a linear sliding
potentiometer and its electronic symbol on the right.

What between potentiometer pin 1 and pin 2 is the resistor body, and pins 3 is connected to brush. When
brush moves from pin 1 to pin 2, the resistance between pin 1 and pin 3 will increase up to body resistance
linearly, and the resistance between pin 2 and pin 3 will decrease down to 0 linearly.
In the circuit. The both sides of resistance body are often connected to the positive and negative electrode of
the power. When you slide the brush pin 3, you can get a certain voltage in the range of the power supply.

Rotary potentiometer
Rotary potentiometer and linear potentiometer have similar function; their only difference is: the resistance
is adjusted by rotating the potentiometer.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

126 Chapter 8 AD Converter [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 8 AD Converter 127

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “08.1_AnalogRead and then click
“[Link]”.
08.1_AnalogRead

Click “Run current script” and observe the message printed in “Shell”.

The following is the code:

1 from machine import ADC,Pin
2 import time
3
4 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
5 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
6 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

128 Chapter 8 AD Converter [Link] █

7
8 try:
9 while True:
10 adcVal=[Link]()
11 voltage = adcVal / 4095.0 * 3.3
12 print("ADC Val:",adcVal,"\tVoltage:",voltage,"V")
13 time.sleep_ms(100)
14 except:
15 [Link]()
Import Pin, ADC modules.
1 from machine import ADC,Pin
2 import time
Turn on and configure the ADC with the range of 0-3.3V and the data width of 12-bit data width.
4 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
5 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
6 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
Read ADC value once every 100 millisecods, convert ADC value and print these data to “Shell”.
9 while True:
10 adcVal=[Link]()
11 voltage = adcVal / 4095.0 * 3.3
12 print("ADC Val:",adcVal,"\tVoltage:",voltage,"V")
13 time.sleep_ms(100)

Reference
Class ADC
Before each use of ACD module, please add the statement “from machine import ADC” to the top of the
python file.
[Link](pin): Create an ADC object associated with the given pin.
pin: Available pins are: Pin(1-18)。
[Link](): Read ADC and return the value.
[Link](db): Set attenuation ration (that is, the full range voltage, such as the voltage of 11db full
range is 3.3V)
db: attenuation ratio
ADC.ATTIN_0DB —full range of 1.2V
ADC.ATTN_2_5_DB —full range of 1.5V
ADC.ATTN_6DB —full range of 2.0 V
ADC.ATTN_11DB —full range of 3.3V
[Link](bit): Set data width.
bit: data bit
ADC.WIDTH_9BIT —9 data width
ADC.WIDTH_10BIT — 10 data width
ADC.WIDTH_11BIT — 11 data width
ADC.WIDTH_12BIT — 12 data width

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED 129

Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED

We have already learned about the use of ADC and PWM. In this chapter, we will learn how to use a
potentiometer to control the brightness of LED.

Project 9.1 Soft Light

In this project, we will make a soft light. We will use an ADC Module to read ADC values of a potentiometer
and map it to duty cycle of the PWM used to control the brightness of a LED. Then you can change the
brightness of a LED by adjusting the potentiometer.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Rotary potentiometer x1 Resistor 220Ω x1 LED x1 Jumper M/M x5

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

130 Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED 131

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “09.1_Soft_LED” and double click
“Soft_LED.py”.
09.1_Soft_LED

Click “ Run current script”. Rotate the handle of potentiometer and the brightness of LED will change
correspondingly.
The following is the code:
1 from machine import Pin,PWM,ADC
2 import time
3
4 pwm =PWM(Pin(14,[Link]),1000)
5 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
6 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
7 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
8
9 def remap(value,oldMin,oldMax,newMin,newMax):
10 return int((value)*(newMax-newMin)/(oldMax-oldMin))

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

132 Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED [Link] █

11
12 try:
13 while True:
14 adcValue=[Link]()
15 pwmValue=remap(adcValue,0,4095,0,1023)
16 [Link](pwmValue)
17 print(adcValue,pwmValue)
18 time.sleep_ms(100)
19 except:
20 [Link]()
21 [Link]()
In the code, read the ADC value of the potentiometer. The ADC value range is 0-4095. However, the default
input range of the duty() function is 0-1023. Therefore, we need to write a remap() function to map the read
ADC value to a value that conforms to the input range of the duty() function.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED 133

Project 9.2 Soft Colorful Light

In this project, 3 potentiometers are used to control the RGB LED and in principle it is the same as the Soft
Light project. Namely, read the voltage value of the potentiometer and then convert it to PWM used to control
LED brightness. Difference is that the original project only controlled one LED, but this project required (3)
RGB LEDs.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Rotary potentiometer x3 Resistor 220Ω x3 RGBLED x1 Jumper M/M x13

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

134 Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED 135

Code

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “09.2_Soft_Colorful_Light” and

double click “Soft_Colorful_Light.py”.
09.2_Soft_Colorful_Light

Click “Run current script” and control the change of RGBLED color by rotating the handles of three rotary
potentiometers.
The following is the program code:
1 from machine import Pin,PWM,ADC
2 import time
3
4 pwm0=PWM(Pin(40,[Link]),10000)
5 pwm1=PWM(Pin(39,[Link]),10000)
6 pwm2=PWM(Pin(38,[Link]),10000)
7 adc0=ADC(Pin(12))
8 adc1=ADC(Pin(13))
9 adc2=ADC(Pin(14))
10 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
11 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

136 Chapter 9 Potentiometer & LED [Link] █

12 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
13 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
14 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
15 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
16
17 def remap(value,oldMin,oldMax,newMin,newMax):
18 return int((value)*(newMax-newMin)/(oldMax-oldMin))
19
20 try:
21 while True:
22 [Link](1023-remap([Link](),0,4095,0,1023))
23 [Link](1023-remap([Link](),0,4095,0,1023))
24 [Link](1023-remap([Link](),0,4095,0,1023))
25 time.sleep_ms(100)
26 except:
27 [Link]()
28 [Link]()
29 [Link]()
30 [Link]()
31 [Link]()
32 [Link]()
In the code, read the ADC value of 3 potentiometers and map it into PWM duty cycle to control the control
3 LEDs with different color of RGBLED, respectively.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED 137

Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED

In this chapter, we will learn how to use a photoresistor.

Project 10.1 NightLamp

A photoresistor is very sensitive to the amount of light present. We can take advantage of the characteristic
to make a nightlight with the following function: when the ambient light is less (darker environment) the LED
will automatically become brighter to compensate and when the ambient light is greater (brighter
environment) the LED will automatically dim to compensate.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Photoresistor x1 Resistor LED x1 Jumper M/M x4

220Ω x1 10KΩ x1

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

138 Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED [Link] █

Component knowledge

Photoresistor
A photoresistor is simply a light sensitive resistor. It is an active component that decreases resistance with
respect to receiving luminosity (light) on the component's light sensitive surface. A photoresistor’s resistance
value will change in proportion to the ambient light detected. With this characteristic, we can use a
photoresistor to detect light intensity. The photoresistor and its electronic symbol are as follows.

The circuit below is used to detect the change of a photoresistor’s resistance value:

In the above circuit, when a photoresistor’s resistance vale changes due to a change in light intensity, the
voltage between the photoresistor and resistor R1 will also change. Therefore, the intensity of the light can
be obtained by measuring this voltage.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED 139

Circuit

The circuit of this project is similar to project Soft Light. The only difference is that the input signal is changed
from a potentiometer to a combination of a photoresistor and a resistor.
Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

140 Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED [Link] █

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Codes of this project is logically the same as the project Soft Light.
10.1_Nightlamp

Click “Run current script”. Cover the photoresistor with your hands or illuminate it with lights, the brightness
of LEDs will change.
The following is the program code:
1 from machine import Pin,PWM,ADC
2 import time
3
4 pwm =PWM(Pin(14,[Link]),1000)
5 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
6 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
7 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
8
9 def remap(value,oldMin,oldMax,newMin,newMax):
10 return int((value)*(newMax-newMin)/(oldMax-oldMin))
11 try:
12 while True:
13 adcValue=[Link]()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 10 Photoresistor & LED 141

14 pwmValue=remap(adcValue,0,4095,0,1023)
15 [Link](pwmValue)
16 print(adcValue,pwmValue)
17 time.sleep_ms(100)
18 except:
19 [Link]()
20 [Link]()
In this code, we use ADC to read the ADC value of the photoresist and map it to the PWM of the control LED,
so that the brightness of the LED can change accordingly with the change of the ambient light intensity.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

142 Chapter 11 Thermistor [Link] █

Chapter 11 Thermistor
In this chapter, we will learn about thermistors which are another kind of resistor

Project 11.1 Thermometer

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance value is dependent on temperature and changes in
temperature. Therefore, we can take advantage of this characteristic to make a thermometer.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Thermistor x1 Resistor 10kΩ x1 Jumper M/M x3

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 11 Thermistor 143

Component knowledge

Thermistor
A thermistor is a temperature sensitive resistor. When it senses a change in temperature, the resistance of the
thermistor will change. We can take advantage of this characteristic by using a thermistor to detect
temperature intensity. A thermistor and its electronic symbol are shown below.

The relationship between resistance value and temperature of a thermistor is:

1 1
Rt = R ∗ EXP[ B ∗ ( − ) ]
T2 T1
Where:
Rt is the thermistor resistance under T2 temperature;
R is the nominal resistance of thermistor under T1 temperature;
EXP[n] is nth power of E;
B is for thermal index;
T1, T2 is Kelvin temperature (absolute temperature). Kelvin temperature=273.15 + Celsius temperature.
For the parameters of the thermistor, we use: B=3950, R=10k, T1=25.
The circuit connection method of the thermistor is similar to photoresistor, as the following:

We can use the value measured by the ADC converter to obtain the resistance value of thermistor, and then
we can use the formula to obtain the temperature value.
Therefore, the temperature formula can be derived as:

1 𝑅𝑡
T2 = 1/( + ln ( )/𝐵)
T1 R

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

144 Chapter 11 Thermistor [Link] █

Circuit

The circuit of this project is similar to the one in the last chapter. The only difference is that the photoresistor
is replaced by the thermistor.
Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 11 Thermistor 145

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “11.1_Thermometer” and double
click “[Link]”.
11.1_Thermometer

Click “Run current script” and “Shell” will constantly display the current ADC value, voltage value and
temperature value. Try to “pinch” the thermistor (without touching the leads) with your index finger and thumb
for a brief time, you should see that the temperature value increases.
If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

146 Chapter 11 Thermistor [Link] █

pinching the
thermistor

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 11 Thermistor 147

The following is the code:

1 from machine import Pin,ADC
2 import time
3 import math
4
5 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
6 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
7 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
8
9 try:
10 while True:
11 adcValue=[Link]()
12 voltage=adcValue/4095*3.3
13 Rt=10*voltage/(3.3-voltage)
14 tempK=(1/(1/(273.15+25)+([Link](Rt/10))/3950))
15 tempC=tempK-273.15
16 print("ADC value:",adcValue,"\tVoltage :",voltage,"\tTemperature :",tempC);
17 time.sleep_ms(1000)
18 except:
19 pass
In the code, the ADC value of ADC module A0 port is read, and then it calculates the voltage and the
resistance of Thermistor according to Ohms Law. Finally, it calculates the temperature sensed by the
Thermistor, according to the formula.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

148 Chapter 12 Joystick [Link] █

Chapter 12 Joystick
In the previous chapter, we have learned how to use rotary potentiometer. Now, let's learn a new electronic
module joystick which working on the same principle as rotary potentiometer.

Project 12.1 Joystick

In this project, we will read the output data of a joystick and display it to the Terminal screen.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Joystick x1 Jumper F/M x5

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 12 Joystick 149

Component knowledge

Joystick
A joystick is a kind of input sensor used with your fingers. You should be familiar with this concept already as
they are widely used in gamepads and remote controls. It can receive input on two axes (Y and or X) at the
same time (usually used to control direction on a two dimensional plane). And it also has a third direction
capability by pressing down (Z axis/direction).

X
Y

This is accomplished by incorporating two rotary potentiometers inside the joystick Module at 90 degrees of
each other, placed in such a manner as to detect shifts in direction in two directions simultaneously and with
a push button switch in the “vertical” axis, which can detect when a User presses on the Joystick.

When the joystick data is read, there are some differences between the axes: data of X and Y axes is analog,
which needs to use the ADC. The data of the Z axis is digital, so you can directly use the GPIO to read this
data or you have the option to use the ADC to read this.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

150 Chapter 12 Joystick [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 12 Joystick 151

Code

In this project’s code, we will read the ADC values of X and Y axes of the Joystick, and read digital quality of
the Z axis, then display these out in Terminal.
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “12.1_Joystick” and double click
“[Link]”.
12.1_Joystick

Click “Run current script”. Shifting the Joystick or pressing it down will make the printed data in “Shell” change.

Shifting X axis

Shifting Y axis

Pressing Z axis

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

152 Chapter 12 Joystick [Link] █

The flowing is the code:

1 from machine import ADC,Pin
2 import time
3
4 xVal=ADC(Pin(14))
5 yVal=ADC(Pin(13))
6 zVal=Pin(12,[Link],Pin.PULL_UP)
7
8 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
9 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
10 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
11 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
12
13 try:
14 while True:
15 print("X,Y,Z:",[Link](),",",[Link](),",",[Link]())
16 [Link](1)
17 except:
18 [Link]()
19 [Link]()
Set the acquisition range of voltage of the two ADC channels to 0-3.3V, and the acquisition width of data to
0-4095.
8 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
9 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
10 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
11 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
In the code, configure Z_Pin to pull-up input mode. In loop(), use Read () to read the value of axes X and Y
and use value() to read the value of axis Z, and then display them.
14 print("X,Y,Z:",[Link](),",",[Link](),",",[Link]())

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph 153

Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph

We have used LED bar graph to make a flowing water light, in which 10 GPIO ports of ESP32-S3 is occupied.
More GPIO ports mean that more peripherals can be connected to ESP32S3, so GPIO resource is very precious.
Can we make flowing water light with less GPIO? In this chapter, we will learn a component, 74HC595, which
can achieve the target.

Project 13.1 Flowing Water Light

Now let’s learn how to use the 74HC595 IC chip to make a flowing water light using less GPIO.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

74HC595 x1 LED Bar Graph x1 Resistor 220Ω x8 Jumper M/M x15

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

154 Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph [Link] █

Related knowledge

74HC595
A 74HC595 chip is used to convert serial data into parallel data. A 74HC595 chip can convert the serial data
of one byte into 8 bits, and send its corresponding level to each of the 8 ports correspondingly. With this
characteristic, the 74HC595 chip can be used to expand the IO ports of a ESP32S3. At least 3 ports are required
to control the 8 ports of the 74HC595 chip.

The ports of the 74HC595 chip are described as follows:

Pin name GPIO Description
number
Q0-Q7 15, 1-7 Parallel data output
VCC 16 The positive electrode of power supply, the voltage is 2~6V
GND 8 The negative electrode of power supply
DS 14 Serial data Input
OE 13 Enable output,
When this pin is in high level, Q0-Q7 is in high resistance state
When this pin is in low level, Q0-Q7 is in output mode
ST_CP 12 Parallel Update Output: when its electrical level is rising, it will update the
parallel data output.
SH_CP 11 Serial shift clock: when its electrical level is rising, serial data input register will
do a shift.
MR 10 Remove shift register: When this pin is in low level, the content in shift register
will be cleared.
Q7' 9 Serial data output: it can be connected to more 74HC595 in series.
For more detail, please refer to the datasheet on the 74HC595 chip.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph 155

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

156 Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph [Link] █

Code

In this project, we will make a flowing water light with a 74HC595 chip to learn about its functions.
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “13.1_Flowing_Water_Light”.
Select “[Link]”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “[Link]”to be
uploaded to ESP32-S3 and then double click “Flowing_Water_Light.py”.
13.1_Flowing_Water_Light

Click“Run current script” and you will see that Bar Graph LED starts with the flowing water pattern flashing
from left to right and then back from right to left. If it displays nothing, maybe the LED Bar is connected upside
down, please unplug it and then re-plug it reversely.
If you have any concerns, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph 157

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2 from my74HC595 import Chip74HC595
3
4 chip = Chip74HC595(12,13,14,-1)#STCP，SHCP，DS，OE
5 # ESP32-12: 74HC595-STCP(12)
6 # ESP32-13: 74HC595-SHCP(11)
7 # ESP32-14: 74HC595-DS(14)
8 # ESP32-GND : 74HC595-OE(13)
9
10 while True:
11 x=0x01
12 for count in range(8):
13 [Link](1,x)
14 x=x<<1;
15 time.sleep_ms(300)
16 x=0x01
17 for count in range(8):
18 [Link](0,x)
19 x=x<<1
20 time.sleep_ms(300)
Import time and my74HC595 modules.
1 import time
2 from my74HC595 import Chip74HC595
Assign pins for ESP32-S3 to connect to 74HC595.
4 chip = Chip74HC595(12,13,14,-1)#STCP，SHCP，DS，OE
The first for loop makes LED Bar display separately from left to right while the second for loop make it display
separately from right to left.
11 x=0x01
12 for count in range(8):
13 [Link](1,x) #High bit is sent first
14 x=x<<1
15 time.sleep_ms(300)
16 x=0x01
17 for count in range(8):
18 [Link](0,x) #Low bit is sent first
19 x=x<<1
20 time.sleep_ms(300)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

158 Chapter 13 74HC595 & LED Bar Graph [Link] █

Reference
Class Chip74HC595
Before each use of the object Chip74HC595, make sure [Link] has been uploaded to “/” of
ESP32S3, and then add the statement “from my74HC595 import Chip74HC595” to the top of the python
file.
Chip74HC595():An object. By default, 74HC595’s DS pin is connected to Pin(14) of ESP32S3, ST_CP pin is
connected to ESP32S3’s Pin(12) and OE pin is connected to ESP32S3’s Pin(5). If you need to modify the
pins, just do the following operations.
chip=Chip74HC595() or chip=Chip74HC595(12,13,14,5)
shiftOut(direction, data): Write data to 74HC595.
direction: 1/0. “1” presents that high-order byte will be sent first while “0” presents that low-order byte
will be sent first.
data：The content that is sent, which is one-byte data.
clear(): Clear the latch data of 74HC595.。

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display. 159

Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display.

In this chapter, we will introduce the 7-Segment Display.

Project 14.1 7-Segment Display.

We will use 74HC595 to control 7-segment display and make it display hexadecimal character "0-F".

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

74HC595 x1 7-segment display x1 Resistor 220Ω x8 Jumper M/M

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

160 Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display. [Link] █

Component knowledge

7-segment display
A 7-segment display is a digital electronic display device. There is a figure "8" and a decimal point represented,
which consists of 8 LEDs. The LEDs have a common anode and individual cathodes. Its internal structure and
pin designation diagram is shown below:

As we can see in the above circuit diagram, we can control the state of each LED separately. Also, by combining
LEDs with different states of ON and OFF, we can display different characters (Numbers and Letters). For
example, to display a “0”: we need to turn ON LED segments A, B, C, D, E and F, and turn OFF LED segments
G and DP.

In this project, we will use a 7-Segment Display with a common anode. Therefore, when there is an input low
level to a LED segment the LED will turn ON. Defining segment “A” as the lowest level and segment “DP” as
the highest level, from high to low would look like this: “DP”, “G”, “F”, “E”, “D”, “C”, “B”, “A”. Character "0"
corresponds to the code: 1100 0000b=0xc0.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display. 161

For detailed code values, please refer to the following table (common anode).
CHAR DP G F E D C B A Hex ASCII
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0xc0 1100 0000
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0xf9 1111 1001
2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0xa4 1010 0100
3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0xb0 1011 0000
4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0x99 1001 1001
5 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0x92 1001 0010
6 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0x82 1000 0010
7 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0xf8 1111 1000
8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x80 1000 0000
9 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0x90 1001 0000
A 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0x88 1000 1000
B 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0x83 1000 0011
C 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0xc6 1100 0110
D 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0xa1 1010 0001
E 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0x86 1000 0110
F 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0x8e 1000 1110

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

162 Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display. [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display. 163

Code

In this section, the 74HC595 is used in the same way as in the previous section, but with different values
transferred. We can learn how to master the digital display by sending the code value of "0" - "F".
Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)
in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” →

“14.1_74HC595_and_7_segment_display”.

Select “[Link]”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “[Link]” to be
uploaded to ESP32-S3 and then double click“74HC595_and_7_segment_display.py”.

14.1_74HC595_and_7_segment_display

Click “Run current script”，and you'll see a 1-bit, 7-segment display displaying 0-f in a loop.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

164 Chapter 14 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display. [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2 from my74HC595 import Chip74HC595
3
4 lists =[0xc0, 0xf9, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xf8,
5 0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xc6, 0xa1, 0x86, 0x8e]
6
7 chip = Chip74HC595(12,13,14)
8 try:
9 while True:
10 for count in range(16):
11 [Link](0,lists[count])
12 time.sleep_ms(500)
13 except:
14 pass
Import time and my74HC595 modules.
1 import time
2 from my74HC595 import Chip74HC595
Put the encoding "0" - "F" into the list.
4 lists =[0xc0, 0xf9, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xf8,
5 0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xc6, 0xa1, 0x86, 0x8e]
Define an object, whose pins applys default configuration, to drive 74HC595.
7 chip = Chip74HC595(12,13,14)
Send data of digital tube to 74HC595 chip.
11 [Link](0,lists[count])

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 15 Relay & Motor 165

Chapter 15 Relay & Motor

In this chapter, we will learn a kind of special switch module, relay module.

Project 15.2 Control Motor with Potentiometer

Control the direction and speed of the motor with a potentiometer.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Jumper M/M 9V battery (prepared by yourself) & battery line

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

166 Chapter 15 Relay & Motor [Link] █

Rotary potentiometer x1 Motor x1 L293D

Component knowledge

L293D
L293D is an IC chip (Integrated Circuit Chip) with a 4-channel motor drive. You can drive a unidirectional DC
motor with 4 ports or a bi-directional DC motor with 2 ports or a stepper motor (stepper motors are covered
later in this Tutorial).

Port description of L293D module is as follows:

Pin name Pin number Description
In x 2, 7, 10, 15 Channel x digital signal input pin
Out x 3, 6, 11, 14 Channel x output pin, input high or low level according to In x pin, get
connected to +Vmotor or 0V
Enable1 1 Channel 1 and channel 2 enable pin, high level enable
Enable2 9 Channel 3 and channel 4 enable pin, high level enable
0V 4, 5, 12, 13 Power cathode (GND)
+V 16 Positive electrode (VCC) of power supply, supply voltage 3.0~36V
+Vmotor 8 Positive electrode of load power supply, provide power supply for the Out
pin x, the supply voltage is +V~36V
For more detail, please refer to the datasheet for this IC Chip.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 15 Relay & Motor 167

When using L293D to drive DC motor, there are usually two connection options.
The following connection option uses one channel of the L239D, which can control motor speed through
the PWM, However the motor then can only rotate in one direction.

The following connection uses two channels of the L239D: one channel outputs the PWM wave, and the
other channel connects to GND, therefore you can control the speed of the motor. When these two channel
signals are exchanged, not only controls the speed of motor, but also can control the steering of the motor.

GND

GND

In practical use the motor is usually connected to channel 1 and 2 by outputting different levels to in1 and
in2 to control the rotational direction of the motor, and output to the PWM wave to Enable1 port to control
the motor’s rotational speed. If the motor is connected to channel 3 and 4 by outputting different levels to
in3 and in4 to control the motor's rotation direction, and output to the PWM wave to Enable2 pin to control
the motor’s rotational speed.

Circuit

Use caution when connecting this circuit, because the DC motor is a high-power component, do not use the
power provided by the ESP32-S3 to power the motor directly, which may cause permanent damage to your
ESP32-S3! The logic circuit can be powered by the ESP32-S3 power or an external power supply, which should
share a common ground with ESP32-S3.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

168 Chapter 15 Relay & Motor [Link] █

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Note: the motor circuit uses A large current, about 0.2-0.3A without [Link] recommend that you
use a 9V battery to power the extension board.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 15 Relay & Motor 169

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “15.2_Motor_And_Driver” and
double click “Motor_And_Driver.py”.
15.2_Motor_And_Driver

Click “Run current script”, rotate the potentiometer in one direction and the motor speeds up slowly in one
direction. Rotate the potentiometer in the other direction and the motor will slow down to stop. And then
rotate it in the original direction to accelerate the motor.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

170 Chapter 15 Relay & Motor [Link] █

less than 2048

2048

greater than 2048

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 15 Relay & Motor 171

The following is the Code:

1 from machine import ADC,Pin,PWM
2 import time
3 import math
4
5 in1Pin=Pin(13, [Link])
6 in2Pin=Pin(14, [Link])
7
8 enablePin=Pin(12, [Link])
9 pwm=PWM(enablePin,10000)
10
11 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
12 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
13 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
14
15 def driveMotor(dir,spd):
16 if dir :
17 [Link](1)
18 [Link](0)
19 else :
20 [Link](0)
21 [Link](1)
22 [Link](spd)
23
24 try:
25 while True:
26 potenVal = [Link]()
27 rotationSpeed = potenVal - 2048
28 if (potenVal > 2048):
29 rotationDir = 1;
30 else:
31 rotationDir = 0;
32 rotationSpeed=int([Link]((potenVal-2047)//2)-1)
33 driveMotor(rotationDir,rotationSpeed)
34 time.sleep_ms(10)
35 except:
36 [Link]()
[Link]()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

172 Chapter 15 Relay & Motor [Link] █

The ADC of ESP32-S3 has a 12-bit accuracy, corresponding to a range from 0 to 4095. In this program, set
the number 2048 as the midpoint. If the value of ADC is less than 2048, make the motor rotate in one direction.
If the value of ADC is greater than 2048, make the motor rotate in the other direction. Subtract 2048 from the
ADC value and take the absolute value, and then divide this result by 2 to be the speed of the motor.
26 potenVal = [Link]()
27 rotationSpeed = potenVal - 2048
28 if (potenVal > 2048):
29 rotationDir = 1;
30 else:
31 rotationDir = 0;
32 rotationSpeed=int([Link]((potenVal-2047)//2)-1)
33 driveMotor(rotationDir,rotationSpeed)
34 time.sleep_ms(10)
Initialize pins of L293D chip.
5 in1Pin=Pin(13, [Link])
6 in2Pin=Pin(14, [Link])
7
8 enablePin=Pin(12, [Link])
9 pwm=PWM(enablePin,10000)
Initialize ADC pins, set the range of voltage to 0-3.3V and the acquisition width of data to 0-4095.
11 adc=ADC(Pin(1))
12 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
13 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
Function driveMotor is used to control the rotation direction and speed of the motor. The dir represents
direction while spd refers to speed.
15 def driveMotor(dir,spd):
16 if dir :
17 [Link](1)
18 [Link](0)
19 else :
20 [Link](0)
21 [Link](1)
22 [Link](spd)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 16 Servo 173

Chapter 16 Servo
Previously, we learned how to control the speed and rotational direction of a motor. In this chapter, we will
learn about servos which are a rotary actuator type motor that can be controlled to rotate to specific angles.

Project 16.1 Servo Sweep

First, we need to learn how to make a servo rotate.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Servo x1 Jumper M/M x3

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

174 Chapter 16 Servo [Link] █

Component knowledge

Servo
Servo is a compact package which consists of a DC motor, a set of reduction gears to provide torque, a sensor
and control circuit board. Most servos only have a 180-degree range of motion via their “horn”. Servos can
output higher torque than a simple DC motor alone and they are widely used to control motion in model cars,
model airplanes, robots, etc. Servos have three wire leads which usually terminate to a male or female 3-pin
plug. Two leads are for electric power: positive (2-VCC, Red wire), negative (3-GND, Brown wire), and the
signal line (1-Signal, Orange wire), as represented in the Servo provided in your Kit.

We will use a 50Hz PWM signal with a duty cycle in a certain range to drive the Servo. The lasting time of
0.5ms-2.5ms of PWM single cycle high level corresponds to the servo angle 0 degrees - 180 degree linearly.
Part of the corresponding values are as follows:
High level time Servo angle
0.5ms 0 degree
1ms 45 degree
1.5ms 0 degree
2ms 45 degree
2.5ms 180 degree

When you change the servo signal value, the servo will rotate to the designated angle.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 16 Servo 175

Circuit

Use caution when supplying power to the servo, it should be 5V. Make sure you do not make any errors when
connecting the servo to the power supply.
Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

176 Chapter 16 Servo [Link] █

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “16.1_Servo_Sweep”. Select

“[Link]”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “[Link]” to be uploaded to
ESP32-S3 and then double click “Servo_Sweep.py”.

16.1_Servo_Sweep

Click “Run current script”, the Servo will rotate from 0 degrees to 180 degrees and then reverse the direction
to make it rotate from 180 degrees to 0 degrees and repeat these actions in an endless loop.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 16 Servo 177

The following is the program code:

1 from myservo import myServo
2 import time
3
4 servo=myServo(21) #Set Servo Pin
5 [Link](0) #Set Servo Angle
6 time.sleep_ms(1000)
7
8 try:
9 while True:
10 for i in range(0,180,1):
11 [Link](i)
12 time.sleep_ms(15)
13 for i in range(180,0,-1):
14 [Link](i)
15 time.sleep_ms(15)
16 except:
17 [Link]()
Import myservo module.
1 from myservo import myServo
Initialize pins of the servo and set the starting point of the servo to 0 degree.
4 servo=myServo(21)
5 [Link](0)
6 time.sleep_ms(1000)
Control the servo to rotate to a specified angle within the range of 0-180 degrees.
8 [Link](i)
Use two for loops. The first one controls the servo to rotate from 0 degree to 180 degrees while the other
controls it to rotate back from 180 degrees to 0 degree.
10 for i in range(0,180,1):
11 [Link](i)
12 time.sleep_ms(15)
13 for i in range(180,0,-1):
14 [Link](i)
15 time.sleep_ms(15)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

178 Chapter 16 Servo [Link] █

Reference
class myServo
Before each use of myServo, please make sure [Link] has been uploaded to “/” of ESP32-S3, and
then add the statement “from myservo import myServo” to the top of the python file.
myServo (): The object that controls the servo, with the default pin Pin(15), default frequency 50Hz and
default duty cycle 512.
myServoWriteDuty(duty): The function that writes duty cycle to control the servo.
duty: Range from 26 to 128, with 26 corresponding to the servo’s 0 degree and 128 corresponding to
180 degrees.
myServoWriteAngle(pos): Function that writes angle value to control the servo.
pos: Ranging from 0-180, corresponding the 0-180 degrees of the servo.
myServoWriteTime(us): Writes time to control the servo.
us: Range from 500-2500, with 500 corresponding to the servo’s 0 degree and 2500 corresponding
to 180 degrees.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 16 Servo 179

Project 16.2 Servo Knop

Use a potentiometer to control the servo motor to rotate at any angle.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Servo x1 Jumper M/M x6 Rotary potentiometer x1

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

180 Chapter 16 Servo [Link] █

Circuit

Use caution when supplying power to the servo, it should be 5V. Make sure you do not make any errors when
connecting the servo to the power supply.
Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 16 Servo 181

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “16.2_Servo_Knop”. Select

“[Link]”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “[Link]” to be uploaded to ESP32-
S3 and then double click “Servo_Knop.py”.

16.2_Servo_Knop

Click “Run current script”, twist the potentiometer back and forth, and the servo motor rotates accordingly.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

182 Chapter 16 Servo [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 from myservo import myServo
2 from machine import ADC,Pin
3 import time
4
5 servo=myServo(21)
6
7 adc=ADC(Pin(14))
8 [Link](ADC.ATTN_11DB)
9 [Link](ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
10
11 try:
12 while True:
13 adcValue=[Link]()
14 angle=(adcValue*180)/4096
15 [Link](int(angle))
16 time.sleep_ms(50)
17 except:
18 [Link]()
19 [Link]()
In this project, we will use Pin(14) of ESP32-S3 to read the ADC value of the rotary potentiometer and then
convert it to the angle value required by the servo and control the servo to rotate to the corresponding
angle.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 17 LCD1602 183

Chapter 17 LCD1602
In this chapter, we will learn about the LCD1602 Display Screen

Project 17.1 LCD1602

In this section we learn how to use LCD1602 to display something.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

LCD1602 Module x1 Jumper F/M x4

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

184 Chapter 17 LCD1602 [Link] █

Component knowledge

I2C communication
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a two-wire serial communication mode, which can be used for the connection
of micro controllers and their peripheral equipment. Devices using I2C communication must be connected to
the serial data (SDA) line, and serial clock (SCL) line (called I2C bus). Each device has a unique address and
can be used as a transmitter or receiver to communicate with devices connected to the bus.

LCD1602 communication'
The LCD1602 display screen can display 2 lines of characters in 16 columns. It is capable of displaying numbers,
letters, symbols, ASCII code and so on. As shown below is a monochrome LCD1602 display screen along with
its circuit pin diagram

I2C LCD1602 display screen integrates a I2C interface, which connects the serial-input & parallel-output
module to the LCD1602 display screen. This allows us to only use 4 lines to the operate the LCD1602.

The serial-to-parallel IC chip used in this module is PCF8574T (PCF8574AT), and its default I2C address is
0x27(0x3F).

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 17 LCD1602 185

Below is the PCF8574 pin schematic diagram and the block pin diagram:
PCF8574 chip pin diagram: PCF8574 module pin diagram

PCF8574 module pin and LCD1602 pin are corresponding to each other and connected with each other:

So we only need 4 pins to control the 16 pins of the LCD1602 display screen through the I2C interface.
In this project, we will use the I2C LCD1602 to display some static characters and dynamic variables.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

186 Chapter 17 LCD1602 [Link] █

Circuit

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 17 LCD1602 187

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “17.1_I2C_LCD1602”. Select
“I2C_LCD.py”and “LCD_API.py”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “I2C_LCD.py” and
“LCD_API.py” to be uploaded to ESP32-S3 and then double click “I2C_LCD1602.py”.
17.1_I2C_LCD1602

Click “Run current script” and LCD1602 displays some characters.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

188 Chapter 17 LCD1602 [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2 from machine import I2C, Pin
3 from I2C_LCD import I2cLcd
4
5 i2c = I2C(scl=Pin(13), sda=Pin(14), freq=400000)
6 devices = [Link]()
7 if len(devices) == 0:
8 print("No i2c device !")
9 else:
10 for device in devices:
11 print("I2C addr: "+hex(device))
12 lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, device, 2, 16)
13
14 try:
15 lcd.move_to(0, 0)
16 [Link]("Hello,world!")
17 count = 0
18 while True:
19 lcd.move_to(0, 1)
20 [Link]("Counter:%d" %(count))
21 time.sleep_ms(1000)
22 count += 1
23 except:
24 pass
Import time, I2C and I2C_LCD modules.
1 import time
2 from machine import I2C, Pin
3 from I2C_LCD import I2cLcd
Instantiate the I2C LCD1602 screen. It should be noted here that if your LCD driver chip uses PCF8574T, set
the I2C address to 0x27, and if uses PCF8574AT, set the I2C address to 0x3F.
Initialize I2C pins and associate them with I2CLCD module, and then set the number of rows and columns for
LCD1602.
5 i2c = I2C(scl=Pin(13), sda=Pin(14), freq=400000)
6 devices = [Link]()
7 if len(devices) == 0:
8 print("No i2c device !")
9 else:
10 for device in devices:
11 print("I2C addr: "+hex(device))
12 lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, device, 2, 16)
Move the cursor of LCD1602 to the first row, first column, and print out "Hello, world!"
15 lcd.move_to(0, 0)
16 [Link]("Hello,world!")

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 17 LCD1602 189

The second line of LCD1602 continuously prints the number of seconds after the ESP32-S3 program runs.
18 while True:
19 lcd.move_to(0, 1)
20 [Link]("Counter:%d" %(count))
21 time.sleep_ms(1000)
22 count += 1
Reference
Class I2cLcd
Before each use of the object I2cLcd, please make sure that I2C_LCD.py and LCD_API.py have been
uploaded to “/” of ESP32S3, and then add the statement “from I2C_LCD import I2cLcd” to the top of the
python file.
clear(): Clear the LCD1602 screen display.
show_cursor(): Show the cursor of LCD1602.
hide_cursor(): Hide the cursor of LCD1602.
blink_cursor_on(): Turn on cursor blinking.
blink_cursor_off(): Turn off cursor blinking.
display_on(): Turn on the display function of LCD1602.
display_off(): Turn on the display function of LCD1602.
backlight_on(): Turn on the backlight of LCD1602.
backlight_off(): Turn on the backlight of LCD1602.
move_to(cursor_x, cursor_y): Move the cursor to a specified position.
cursor_x: Column cursor_x
cursor_y : Row cursor_y
putchar(char) : Print the character in the bracket on LCD1602
putstr(string) : Print the string in the bracket on LCD1602.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

190 Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging [Link] █

Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging

In this chapter, we learn a module which use ultrasonic to measure distance, HC SR04.

Project 18.1 Ultrasonic Ranging

In this project, we use ultrasonic ranging module to measure distance, and print out the data in the terminal.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Breadboard x1

Jumper F/M x4 HC SR04 x1

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging 191

Component Knowledge

The ultrasonic ranging module uses the principle that ultrasonic waves will be sent back when encounter
obstacles. We can measure the distance by counting the time interval between sending and receiving of the
ultrasonic waves, and the time difference is the total time of the ultrasonic wave’s journey from being
transmitted to being received. Because the speed of sound in air is a constant, about v=340m/s, we can
calculate the distance between the ultrasonic ranging module and the obstacle: s=vt/2.

2S=V·t.
The HC-SR04 ultrasonic ranging module integrates both an ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver. The
transmitter is used to convert electrical signals (electrical energy) into high frequency (beyond human hearing)
sound waves (mechanical energy) and the function of the receiver is opposite of this. The picture and the
diagram of the HC SR04 ultrasonic ranging module are shown below:

Pin description:
Pin Description
VCC power supply pin
Trig trigger pin
Echo Echo pin
GND GND
Technical specs:
Working voltage: 5V Working current: 12mA
Minimum measured distance: 2cm Maximum measured distance: 200cm
Instructions for use: output a high-level pulse in Trig pin lasting for least 10us, the module begins to transmit
ultrasonic waves. At the same time, the Echo pin is pulled up. When the module receives the returned
ultrasonic waves from encountering an obstacle, the Echo pin will be pulled down. The duration of high level
in the Echo pin is the total time of the ultrasonic wave from transmitting to receiving, s=vt/2.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

192 Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging [Link] █

Circuit

Note that the voltage of ultrasonic module is 5V in the circuit.

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging 193

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “18.1_Ultrasonic_Ranging”
and double click “Ultrasonic_Ranging.py”.
18.1_Ultrasonic_Ranging

Click “Run current script”, you can use it to measure the distance between the ultrasonic module and the
object. As shown in the following figure:

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

194 Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 from machine import Pin
2 import time
3
4 trigPin=Pin(13,[Link],0)
5 echoPin=Pin(14,[Link],0)
6
7 soundVelocity=340
8 distance=0
9
10 def getSonar():
11 [Link](1)
12 time.sleep_us(10)
13 [Link](0)
14 while not [Link]():
15 pass
16 pingStart=time.ticks_us()
17 while [Link]():
18 pass
19 pingStop=time.ticks_us()
20 pingTime=time.ticks_diff(pingStop,pingStart)
21 distance=pingTime*soundVelocity//2//10000
22 return int(distance)
23
24 time.sleep_ms(2000)
25 while True:
26 time.sleep_ms(500)
27 print(‘Distance: ’,getSonar(),‘cm’)
Define the control pins of the ultrasonic ranging module.
4 trigPin=Pin(13,[Link],0)
5 echoPin=Pin(14,[Link],0)
Set the speed of sound.
7 soundVelocity=340
8 distance=0
Subfunction getSonar() is used to start the Ultrasonic Module to begin measurements, and return the
measured distance in centimeters. In this function, first let trigPin send 10us high level to start the Ultrasonic
Module. Then use pulseIn() to read the Ultrasonic Module and return the duration time of high level. Finally,
the measured distance according to the time is calculated.
10 def getSonar():
11 [Link](1)
12 time.sleep_us(10)
13 [Link](0)
14 while not [Link]():
15 pass

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 █ [Link] Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging 195

16 pingStart=time.ticks_us()
17 while [Link]():
18 pass
19 pingStop=time.ticks_us()
20 pingTime=time.ticks_diff(pingStop,pingStart)
21 distance=pingTime*soundVelocity//2//10000
22 return int(distance)
Delay for 2 seconds and wait for the ultrasonic module to stabilize. Print data obtained from ultrasonic module
every 500 milliseconds
24 time.sleep_ms(2000)
25 while True:
26 time.sleep_ms(500)
27 print(‘Distance: ’,getSonar(),‘cm’)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

196 Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging [Link] █

Project 18.2 Ultrasonic Ranging

Component List and Circuit

Component List and Circuit are the same as the previous section.

Code

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “18.2_Ultrasonic_Ranging”.

Select “[Link]”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “[Link]” to be uploaded to
ESP32-S3 and then double click “Ultrasonic_Ranging.py”.
18.2_Ultrasonic_Ranging

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging 197

Click “Run current script”. Use the ultrasonic module to measure distance. As shown in the following figure:

The following is the program code:

1 from hcsr04 import SR04
2 import time
3
4 SR=SR04(13,14)
5
6 time.sleep_ms(2000)
7 try:
8 while True:
9 print('Distance: ',[Link](),'cm')
10 time.sleep_ms(500)
11 except:
12 pass
Import hcsr04 module.
1 from hcsr04 import SR04
Define an ultrasonic object and associate with the pins.
3 SR=SR04(13,14)
Obtain the distance data returned from the ultrasonic ranging module.
9 [Link]()
Obtain the ultrasonic data every 500 milliseconds and print them out in “Shell”.
8 while True:
9 print('Distance: ',[Link](),'cm')
10 time.sleep_ms(500)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

198 Chapter 18 Ultrasonic Ranging [Link] █

Reference
Class hcsr04
Before each use of object SR04, please add the statement “from hcsr04 import SR04” to the top of python
file.
SR04(): Object of ultrasonic module. By default, trig pin is Pin(13) and echo pinis Pin(14).
distanceCM(): Obtain the distance from the ultrasonic to the measured object with the data type being int
type, and the unit being cm.
distanceMM(): Obtain the distance from the ultrasonic to the measured object with the data type being
int type, and the unit being mm.
distance(): Obtain the distance from the ultrasonic to the measured object with the data type being float
type, and the unit being cm.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 199

Chapter 19 Bluetooth
This chapter mainly introduces how to make simple data transmission through Bluetooth of ESP32-S3
WROOM and mobile phones.

Project 19.1 Bluetooth Low Energy Data Passthrough

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Component knowledge

ESP32S3's integrated Bluetooth function Bluetooth is a short-distance communication system, which can be
divided into two types, namely Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) and Classic Bluetooth. There are two modes for
simple data transmission: master mode and slave mode.
Master mode
In this mode, works are done in the master device and it can connect with a slave device. And we can search
and select slave devices nearby to connect with. When a device initiates connection request in master mode,
it requires information of the other Bluetooth devices including their address and pairing passkey. After
finishing pairing, it can connect with them directly.
Slave mode
The Bluetooth module in slave mode can only accept connection request from a host computer, but cannot
initiate a connection request. After connecting with a host device, it can send data to or receive from the host
device.
Bluetooth devices can make data interaction with each other, as one is in master mode and the other in slave
mode. When they are making data interaction, the Bluetooth device in master mode searches and selects
devices nearby to connect to. When establishing connection, they can exchange data. When mobile phones
exchange data with ESP32S3, they are usually in master mode and ESP32-S3 in slave mode.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

200 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 201

Lightblue

If you can't install Serial Bluetooth on your phone, try [Link] you do not have this software installed on
your phone, you can refer to this link：
[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

202 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “19.1_BLE”. Select

“ble_advertising.py”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “ble_advertising.py” to be
uploaded to ESP32-S3 and then double click “[Link]”.
19.1_BLE

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 203

Click run for [Link].

Turn ON Bluetooth on your phone, and open the Lightblue APP.

In the Scan page, swipe down to refresh the name of Bluetooth that the phone searches for. Click ESP32S3.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

204 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

Receive

After Bluetooth is connect successfully, Shell will printer the information.

Click “Receive”. Select the appropriate Data format in the box to the right of Data Format. For example, HEX
for hexadecimal, utf-string for character, Binary for Binary, etc. Then click SUBSCRIBE.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 205

You can type “Hello” in Shell and press “Enter” to send.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

206 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

And then you can see the mobile Bluetooth has received the message.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 207

Similarly, you can select “Send” on your phone. Set Data format, and then enter anything in the sending box
and click Write to send.

Send

You can check the message from Bluetooth in “Shell”.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

208 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

And now data can be transferred between your mobile phone and computer via ESP32S3.
The following is the program code:
1 import bluetooth
2 import random
3 import struct
4 import time
5 from ble_advertising import advertising_payload
6 from micropython import const
7
8 _IRQ_CENTRAL_CONNECT = const(1)
9 _IRQ_CENTRAL_DISCONNECT = const(2)
10 _IRQ_GATTS_WRITE = const(3)
11 _FLAG_READ = const(0x0002)
12 _FLAG_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE = const(0x0004)
13 _FLAG_WRITE = const(0x0008)
14 _FLAG_NOTIFY = const(0x0010)
15
16 _UART_UUID = [Link]("6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E")
17 _UART_TX = (
18 [Link]("6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"),
19 _FLAG_READ | _FLAG_NOTIFY,
20 )
21 _UART_RX = (
22 [Link]("6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"),
23 _FLAG_WRITE | _FLAG_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE,
24 )
25 _UART_SERVICE = (
26 _UART_UUID,
27 (_UART_TX, _UART_RX),
28 )
29 class BLESimplePeripheral:
30 def __init__(self, ble, name="ESP32S3"):
31 self._ble = ble
32 self._ble.active(True)
33 self._ble.irq(self._irq)
34 ((self._handle_tx, self._handle_rx),) =
35 self._ble.gatts_register_services((_UART_SERVICE,))
36 self._connections = set()
37 self._write_callback = None
38 self._payload = advertising_payload(name=name, services=[_UART_UUID])
39 self._advertise()
40 def _irq(self, event, data):
41 # Track connections so we can send notifications.
42 if event == _IRQ_CENTRAL_CONNECT:

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 209

43 conn_handle, _, _ = data
44 print("New connection", conn_handle)
45 print("\nThe BLE connection is successful.")
46 self._connections.add(conn_handle)
47 elif event == _IRQ_CENTRAL_DISCONNECT:
48 conn_handle, _, _ = data
49 print("Disconnected", conn_handle)
50 self._connections.remove(conn_handle)
51 # Start advertising again to allow a new connection.
52 self._advertise()
53 elif event == _IRQ_GATTS_WRITE:
54 conn_handle, value_handle = data
55 value = self._ble.gatts_read(value_handle)
56 if value_handle == self._handle_rx and self._write_callback:
57 self._write_callback(value)
58 def send(self, data):
59 for conn_handle in self._connections:
60 self._ble.gatts_notify(conn_handle, self._handle_tx, data)
61 def is_connected(self):
62 return len(self._connections) > 0
63 def _advertise(self, interval_us=500000):
64 print("Starting advertising")
65 self._ble.gap_advertise(interval_us, adv_data=self._payload)
66 def on_write(self, callback):
67 self._write_callback = callback
68 def demo():
69 ble = [Link]()
70 p = BLESimplePeripheral(ble)
71 def on_rx(rx_data):
72 print("RX", rx_data)
73 p.on_write(on_rx)
74 print("Please use LightBlue to connect to ESP32S3.")
75 while True:
76 if p.is_connected():
77 # Short burst of queued notifications.
78 tx_data = input("Enter anything: ")
79 print("Send: ", tx_data)
80 [Link](tx_data)
81 if __name__ == "__main__":
82 demo()
Define the specified UUID number for BLE vendor.
18 _UART_UUID = [Link]("6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E")
19 _UART_TX = (
20 [Link]("6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"),

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210 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

21 _FLAG_READ | _FLAG_NOTIFY,
22 )
23 _UART_RX = (
24 [Link]("6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"),
25 _FLAG_WRITE | _FLAG_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE,
26 )
Write an _irq function to manage BLE interrupt events.
42 def _irq(self, event, data):
43 # Track connections so we can send notifications.
44 if event == _IRQ_CENTRAL_CONNECT:
45 conn_handle, _, _ = data
46 print("New connection", conn_handle)
47 print("\nThe BLE connection is successful.")
48 self._connections.add(conn_handle)
49 elif event == _IRQ_CENTRAL_DISCONNECT:
50 conn_handle, _, _ = data
51 print("Disconnected", conn_handle)
52 self._connections.remove(conn_handle)
53 # Start advertising again to allow a new connection.
54 self._advertise()
55 elif event == _IRQ_GATTS_WRITE:
56 conn_handle, value_handle = data
57 value = self._ble.gatts_read(value_handle)
58 if value_handle == self._handle_rx and self._write_callback:
59 self._write_callback(value)
Initialize the BLE function and name it.
33 def __init__(self, ble, name="ESP32S3"):
When the mobile phone send data to ESP32-S3 via BLE Bluetooth, it will print them out with serial port;
When the serial port of ESP32-S3 receive data, it will send them to mobile via BLE Bluetooth.
70 def demo():
71 ble = [Link]()
72 p = BLESimplePeripheral(ble)
73 def on_rx(rx_data):
74 print("RX", rx_data)
75 p.on_write(on_rx)
76 print("Please use LightBlue to connect to ESP32S3.")
77 while True:
78 if p.is_connected():
79 # Short burst of queued notifications.
80 tx_data = input("Enter anything: ")
81 print("Send: ", tx_data)
82 [Link](tx_data)
83 lastMsg = now;
84 }

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 211

Project 19.2 Bluetooth Control LED

In this section, we will control the LED with Bluetooth.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) GPIO Extension Board x1

or

Micro USB Wire x1 LED x1 Resistor 220Ω x1 Jumper M/M x2

Breadboard x1

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

212 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using a USB cable.

Schematic diagram

Hardware connection. If you need any support, please contact us via: support@[Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 213

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.
Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “19.2_ BLE_LED”. Select
“ble_advertising.py”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “ble_advertising.py” to be
uploaded to ESP32-S3 and then double click “BLE_LED.py”.
19.2_BLE_LED

Compile and upload code to ESP32S3. The operation of the APP is the same as 19.1, you only need to change
the sending content to "led_on" and "led_off" to operate LEDs on the ESP32S3.
Data sent from mobile APP:

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

214 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

You can check the message sent by Bluetooth in “Shell”.

The phenomenon of LED

Send：“led_on”

Send：“led_off”

Attention: If the sending content isn't "led_on' or "led_off", then the state of LED will not change. If the LED is
on, when receiving irrelevant content, it keeps on; Correspondingly, if the LED is off, when receiving irrelevant
content, it keeps off.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 215

The following is the program code:

1 import bluetooth
2 import random
3 import struct
4 import time
5 from ble_advertising import advertising_payload
6 from machine import Pin
7 from micropython import const
8
9 _IRQ_CENTRAL_CONNECT = const(1)
10 _IRQ_CENTRAL_DISCONNECT = const(2)
11 _IRQ_GATTS_WRITE = const(3)
12
13 _FLAG_READ = const(0x0002)
14 _FLAG_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE = const(0x0004)
15 _FLAG_WRITE = const(0x0008)
16 _FLAG_NOTIFY = const(0x0010)
17
18 _UART_UUID = [Link]("6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E")
19 _UART_TX = (
20 [Link]("6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"),
21 _FLAG_READ | _FLAG_NOTIFY,
22 )
23 _UART_RX = (
24 [Link]("6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"),
25 _FLAG_WRITE | _FLAG_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE,
26 )
27 _UART_SERVICE = (
28 _UART_UUID,
29 (_UART_TX, _UART_RX),
30 )
31 class BLESimplePeripheral:
32 def __init__(self, ble, name="ESP32S3"):
33 self._ble = ble
34 self._ble.active(True)
35 self._ble.irq(self._irq)
36 ((self._handle_tx, self._handle_rx),) =
37 self._ble.gatts_register_services((_UART_SERVICE,))
38 self._connections = set()
39 self._write_callback = None
40 self._payload = advertising_payload(name=name, services=[_UART_UUID])
41 self._advertise()
42 def _irq(self, event, data):

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216 Chapter 19 Bluetooth [Link] █

43 # Track connections so we can send notifications.

44 if event == _IRQ_CENTRAL_CONNECT:
45 conn_handle, _, _ = data
46 print("New connection", conn_handle)
47 print("\nThe BLE connection is successful.")
48 self._connections.add(conn_handle)
49 elif event == _IRQ_CENTRAL_DISCONNECT:
50 conn_handle, _, _ = data
51 print("Disconnected", conn_handle)
52 self._connections.remove(conn_handle)
53 # Start advertising again to allow a new connection.
54 self._advertise()
55 elif event == _IRQ_GATTS_WRITE:
56 conn_handle, value_handle = data
57 value = self._ble.gatts_read(value_handle)
58 if value_handle == self._handle_rx and self._write_callback:
59 self._write_callback(value)
60 def send(self, data):
61 for conn_handle in self._connections:
62 self._ble.gatts_notify(conn_handle, self._handle_tx, data)
63 def is_connected(self):
64 return len(self._connections) > 0
65 def _advertise(self, interval_us=500000):
66 print("Starting advertising")
67 self._ble.gap_advertise(interval_us, adv_data=self._payload)
68 def on_write(self, callback):
69 self._write_callback = callback
70 def demo():
71 ble = [Link]()
72 p = BLESimplePeripheral(ble)
73 led=Pin(2,[Link])
74 def on_rx(rx_data):
75 print("Received: ", rx_data)
76 if rx_data == b'led_on':
77 [Link](1)
78 elif rx_data == b'led_off':
79 [Link](0)
80 else:
81 pass
82 p.on_write(on_rx)
83 print("Please use LightBlue to connect to ESP32S3.")
84 if __name__ == "__main__":
85 demo()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 19 Bluetooth 217

Compare received message with "led_on" and "led_off" and take action accordingly.
76 if rx_data == b'led_on':
77 [Link](1)
78 elif rx_data == b'led_off':
79 [Link](0)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

218 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes

In this chapter, we'll focus on the WiFi infrastructure for ESP32-S3 WROOM.
ESP32-S3 WROOM has 3 different WiFi operating modes: station mode, AP mode and AP+station mode. All
WiFi programming projects must be configured with WiFi operating mode before using WiFi, otherwise WiFi
cannot be used.

Project 20.1 Station mode

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Component knowledge

Station mode
When ESP32-S3 selects Station mode, it acts as a WiFi client. It can connect to the router network and
communicate with other devices on the router via WiFi connection. As shown below, the PC is connected to
the router, and if ESP32-S3 wants to communicate with the PC, it needs to be connected to the router.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes 219

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

220 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “20.1_Station_mode” and

double click “Station_mode.py”.
20.1_Station_mode

Enter the correct Router

name and password.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes 221

Because the names and passwords of routers in various places are different, before the Code runs, users need
to enter the correct router’s name and password in the box as shown in the illustration above.
After making sure the router name and password are entered correctly, compile and upload codes to ESP32S3,
wait for ESP32-S3 to connect to your router and print the IP address assigned by the router to ESP32-S3 in
“Shell”.

The following is the program code:

1 import time
2 import network
3
4 ssidRouter = '********' #Enter the router name
5 passwordRouter = '********' #Enter the router password
6
7 def STA_Setup(ssidRouter,passwordRouter):
8 print("Setup start")
9 sta_if = [Link](network.STA_IF)
10 if not sta_if.isconnected():
11 print('connecting to',ssidRouter)
12 sta_if.active(True)
13 sta_if.connect(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
14 while not sta_if.isconnected():
15 pass
16 print('Connected, IP address:', sta_if.ifconfig())
17 print("Setup End")
18
19 try:
20 STA_Setup(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
21 except:
22 sta_if.disconnect()
Import network module.
2 import network
Enter correct router name and password.
3 const char *ssid_Router = "********"; //Enter the router name
4 const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password
Set ESP32-S3 in Station mode.
9 sta_if = [Link](network.STA_IF)
Activate ESP32-S3’s Station mode, initiate a connection request to the router and enter the password to
connect.
12 sta_if.active(True)
13 sta_if.connect(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

222 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

Wait for ESP32-S3 to connect to router until they connect to each other successfully.
14 while not sta_if.isconnected():
15 pass
Print the IP address assigned to ESP32-S3 in “Shell”.
16 print('Connected, IP address:', sta_if.ifconfig())
Reference
Class network
Before each use of network, please add the statement “import network” to the top of the python file.
WLAN(interface_id): Set to WiFi mode.
network.STA_IF: Client, connecting to other WiFi access points.
network.AP_IF: Access points, allowing other WiFi clients to connect.
active(is_active): With parameters, it is to check whether to activate the network interface; Without
parameters, it is to query the current state of the network interface.
scan(ssid, bssid, channel, RSSI, authmode, hidden): Scan for wireless networks available nearby (only
scan on STA interface), return a tuple list of information about the WiFi access point.
bssid: The hardware address of the access point, returned in binary form as a byte object. You can use
[Link]() to convert it to ASCII format.
authmode: Access type
AUTH_OPEN = 0
AUTH_WEP = 1
AUTH_WPA_PSK = 2
AUTH_WPA2_PSK = 3
AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK = 4
AUTH_MAX = 6
Hidden: Whether to scan for hidden access points
False: Only scanning for visible access points
True: Scanning for all access points including the hidden ones.
isconnected(): Check whether ESP32-S3 is connected to AP in Station mode. In STA mode, it returns True
if it is connected to a WiFi access point and has a valid IP address; Otherwise it returns False.
connect(ssid, password): Connecting to wireless network.
ssid: WiFiname
password: WiFipassword
disconnect(): Disconnect from the currently connected wireless network.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes 223

Project 20.2 AP mode

Component List & Circuit

Component List & Circuit are the same as in Project 20.1.

Component knowledge

AP mode
When ESP32-S3 selects AP mode, it creates a hotspot network that is separate from the Internet and waits
for other WiFi devices to connect. As shown in the figure below, ESP32-S3 is used as a hotspot. If a mobile
phone or PC wants to communicate with ESP32S3, it must be connected to the hotspot of ESP32S3. Only after
a connection is established with ESP32-S3 can they communicate.

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

224 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “20.2_AP_mode”. and double
click “AP_mode.py”.
20.2_AP_mode

Set a name and a

password for ESP32S3 AP.

Before the Code runs, you can make any changes to the AP name and password for ESP32-S3 in the box as
shown in the illustration above. Of course, you can leave it alone by default.
Click “Run current script”, open the AP function of ESP32-S3 and print the access point information.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes 225

Turn on the WiFi scanning function of your phone, and you can see the ssid_AP on ESP32S3, which is called
"WiFi_Name" in this Code. You can enter the password "12345678" to connect it or change its AP name and
password by modifying Code.

The following is the program code:

1 import network
2
3 ssidAP = 'WiFi_Name' #Enter the router name
4 passwordAP = '12345678' #Enter the router password
5
6 local_IP = '[Link]'
7 gateway = '[Link]'
8 subnet = '[Link]'
9 dns = '[Link]'
10
11 ap_if = [Link](network.AP_IF)
12
13 def AP_Setup(ssidAP, passwordAP):
14 ap_if.ifconfig([local_IP,gateway,subnet,dns])
15 print("Setting soft-AP ... ")
16 ap_if.config(essid=ssidAP,authmode=network.AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK, password=passwordAP)
17 ap_if.active(True)
18 print('Success, IP address:', ap_if.ifconfig())
19 print("Setup End\n")
20
21 try:
22 AP_Setup(ssidAP,passwordAP)
23 except:
24 ap_if.disconnect()
Import network module.
1 import network

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

226 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

Enter correct AP name and password.

3 ssidAP = 'WiFi_Name' #Enter the router name
4 passwordAP = '12345678' #Enter the router password
Set ESP32-S3 in AP mode.
11 ap_if = [Link](network.AP_IF)
Configure IP address, gateway and subnet mask for ESP32S3.
14 ap_if.ifconfig([local_IP,gateway,subnet,dns])
Turn on an AP in ESP32S3, whose name is set by ssid_AP and password is set by password_AP.
16 ap_if.config(essid=ssidAP,authmode=network.AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK, password=passwordAP)
17 ap_if.active(True)
If the program is running abnormally, the AP disconnection function will be called.
14 ap_if.disconnect()
Reference
Class network
Before each use of network, please add the statement “import network” to the top of the python file.
WLAN(interface_id): Set to WiFi mode.
network.STA_IF: Client, connecting to other WiFi access points
network.AP_IF: Access points, allowing other WiFi clients to connect
active(is_active): With parameters, it is to check whether to activate the network interface; Without
parameters, it is to query the current state of the network interface
isconnected(): In AP mode, it returns True if it is connected to the station; otherwise it returns False.
connect(ssid, password): Connecting to wireless network
ssid: WiFiname
password: WiFipassword
config(essid, channel): To obtain the MAC address of the access point or to set the WiFi channel and the
name of the WiFi access point.
ssid: WiFi account name
channel: WiFichannel
ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)]): Without parameters, it returns a 4-tuple (ip, subnet_mask, gateway,
DNS_server); With parameters, it configures static IP.
ip: IPaddress
subnet_mask: subnet mask
gateway: gateway
DNS_server: DNSserver
disconnect(): Disconnect from the currently connected wireless network
status(): Return the current status of the wireless connection

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes 227

Project 20.3 AP+Station mode

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Component knowledge

AP+Station mode
In addition to AP mode and station mode, ESP32-S3 can also use AP mode and station mode at the same
time. This mode contains the functions of the previous two modes. Turn on ESP32S3's station mode, connect
it to the router network, and it can communicate with the Internet via the router. At the same time, turn on
its AP mode to create a hotspot network. Other WiFi devices can choose to connect to the router network or
the hotspot network to communicate with ESP32S3.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

228 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “20.3_AP+STA_mode”and

double click “AP+STA_mode.py”.
20.3_AP+STA_mode

Please enter the correct names and

passwords of Router and AP.

It is analogous to Project 20.1 and Project 20.2. Before running the Code, you need to modify ssidRouter,
passwordRouter, ssidAP and passwordAP shown in the box of the illustration above.

After making sure that the code is modified correctly, click “Run current script” and the “Shell” will display as
follows:

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes 229

Turn on the WiFi scanning function of your phone, and you can see the ssidAP on ESP32-S3.

The following is the program code:

1 import network
2
3 ssidRouter = '********' #Enter the router name
4 passwordRouter = '********' #Enter the router password
5
6 ssidAP = 'WiFi_Name'#Enter the AP name
7 passwordAP = '12345678' #Enter the AP password
8
9 local_IP = '[Link]'
10 gateway = '[Link]'
11 subnet = '[Link]'
12 dns = '[Link]'
13
14 sta_if = [Link](network.STA_IF)
15 ap_if = [Link](network.AP_IF)
16
17 def STA_Setup(ssidRouter,passwordRouter):
18 print("Setting soft-STA ... ")

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

230 Chapter 20 WiFi Working Modes [Link] █

19 if not sta_if.isconnected():
20 print('connecting to',ssidRouter)
21 sta_if.active(True)
22 sta_if.connect(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
23 while not sta_if.isconnected():
24 pass
25 print('Connected, IP address:', sta_if.ifconfig())
26 print("Setup End")
27
28 def AP_Setup(ssidAP,passwordAP):
29 ap_if.ifconfig([local_IP,gateway,subnet,dns])
30 print("Setting soft-AP ... ")
31 ap_if.config(essid=ssidAP,authmode=network.AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK, password=passwordAP)
32 ap_if.active(True)
33 print('Success, IP address:', ap_if.ifconfig())
34 print("Setup End\n")
35
36 try:
37 AP_Setup(ssidAP,passwordAP)
38 STA_Setup(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
39 except:
40 sta_if.disconnect()
41 ap_if.idsconnect()

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 231

Chapter 21 TCP/IP
In this chapter, we will introduce how ESP32-S3 implements network communications based on TCP/IP
protocol. There are two roles in TCP/IP communication, namely Server and Client, which will be implemented
respectively with two projects in this chapter.

Project 21.1 As Client

In this section, ESP32-S3 is used as Client to connect Server on the same LAN and communicate with it.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Component knowledge

TCP connection
Before transmitting data, TCP needs to establish a logical connection between the sending end and the
receiving end. It provides reliable and error-free data transmission between the two computers. In the TCP
connection, the client and the server must be clarified. The client sends a connection request to the server,
and each time such a request is proposed, a "three-times handshake" is required.

Three-times handshake: In the TCP protocol, during the preparation phase of sending data, the client and the
server interact three times to ensure the reliability of the connection, which is called "three-times handshake".
The first handshake, the client sends a connection request to the server and waits for the server to confirm.
The second handshake, the server sends a response back to the client informing that it has received the
connection request.
The third handshake, the client sends a confirmation message to the server again to confirm the connection.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

232 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

the first handshake

the second handshake

the third handshake

TCP is a connection-oriented, low-level transmission control protocol. After TCP establishes a connection, the
client and server can send and receive messages to each other, and the connection will always exist as long
as the client or server does not initiate disconnection. Each time one party sends a message, the other party
will reply with an ack signal.

The client sends a data

message, and the server
replies with a
confirmation signal.

The server sends a data

message, and the client
replies with a
confirmation signal.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 233

Install Processing
In this tutorial, we use Processing to build a simple TCP/IP communication platform.
If you've not installed Processing, you can download it by clicking [Link] You can
choose an appropriate version to download according to your PC system.

Unzip the downloaded file to your computer. Click "[Link]" as the figure below to run this software.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

234 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

Use Server mode for communication

Install ControlP5.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 235

Open the “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3\Sketches\Sketches\Sketch_20.1_WiFiClient\

sketchWiFi\[Link]”, and click "Run".

Stop

Run

The new pop-up interface is as follows. If ESP32-S3 is used as client, select TCP SERVER mode for sketchWiFi.

Server mode

Receiving
Local IP address
box

Local port
number
Clear receive

Send box
Listening
Clear send

Send button

When sketchWiFi selects TCP SERVER mode, ESP32-S3 Sketch needs to be changed according to
sketchWiFi's displaying of LOCAL IP or LOCAL PORT.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

236 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

If ESP32-S3 serves as server, select TCP CLIENT mode for sketchWiFi.

Client mode

Remote IP
address

Remote port
number

When sketchWiFi selects TCP CLIENT mode, the LOCAL IP and LOCAL PORT of sketchWiFi need to be
changed according to the IP address and port number printed by the serial monitor.

Mode selection: select Server mode/Client mode.

IP address: In server mode, this option does not need to be filled in, and the computer will automatically
obtain the IP address.
In client mode, fill in the remote IP address to be connected.
Port number: In server mode, fill in a port number for client devices to make an access connection.
In client mode, fill in port number given by the Server devices to make an access connection.
Start button: In server mode, push the button, then the computer will serve as server and open a port number
for client to make access connection. During this period, the computer will keep monitoring.
In client mode, before pushing the button, please make sure the server is on, remote IP address
and remote port number is correct; push the button, and the computer will make access
connection to the remote port number of the remote IP as a client.
clear receive: clear out the content in the receiving text box
clear send: clear out the content in the sending text box
Sending button: push the sending button, the computer will send the content in the text box to others.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 237

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

Code

Before running the Code, please open “[Link].” first, and click “Run”.

The newly pop up window will use the computer’s IP address by default and open a data monitor port. Click
“Listening”。

Click

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

238 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “21.1_TCP_as_Client” and

double click “TCP_as_Client.py”.

Before clicking “Run current script”, please modify the name and password of your router and fill in the
“host” and “port” according to the IP information shown in the box below:
21.1_TCP_as_Client

Click “Run current script” and in “Shell”, you can see ESP32-S3 automatically connects to sketchWiFi.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 239

If you don’t click “Listening” for sketchWiFi, ESP32-S3 will fail to connect and will print information as follows:

ESP32-S3 connects with TCP SERVER, and TCP SERVER receives messages from ESP32S3, as shown in the
figure below. You can enter any content in TCP SERVER, click SEND, and ESP32-S3 will receive this message

The following is the program code:

1 import network
2 import socket
3 import time
4
5 ssidRouter = "********" #Enter the router name
6 passwordRouter = "********" #Enter the router password
7 host = "********" #input the remote server
8 port = 8888 #input the remote port
9
10 wlan=None
11 s=None
12

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

240 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

13 def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
14 global wlan
15 wlan= [Link](network.STA_IF)
16 [Link](True)
17 [Link]()
18 [Link](ssid,passwd)
19 while([Link]()[0]=='[Link]'):
20 [Link](1)
21 return True
22 try:
23 connectWifi(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
24 s = [Link]()
25 [Link](socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
26 [Link]((host,port))
27 print("TCP Connected to:", host, ":", port)
28 [Link]('Hello')
29 [Link]('This is my IP.')
30 while True:
31 data = [Link](1024)
32 if(len(data) == 0):
33 print("Close socket")
34 [Link]()
35 break
36 print(data)
37 ret=[Link](data)
38 except:
39 print("TCP close, please reset!")
40 if (s):
41 [Link]()
42 [Link]()
43 [Link](False)
Import network、socket、time modules.
1 import network
2 import socket
3 import time
Enter the actual router name, password, remote server IP address, and port number.
5 ssidRouter = "********" #Enter the router name
6 passwordRouter = "********" #Enter the router password
7 host = "********" #input the remote server
8 port = 8888 #input the remote port

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 241

Connect specified Router until it is successful.

13 def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
14 global wlan
15 wlan= [Link](network.STA_IF)
16 [Link](True)
17 [Link]()
18 [Link](ssid,passwd)
19 while([Link]()[0]=='[Link]'):
20 [Link](1)
21 return True
Connect router and then connect it to remote server.
23 connectWifi(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
24 s = [Link]()
25 [Link](socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
26 [Link]((host,port))
27 print("TCP Connected to:", host, ":", port)
Send messages to the remote server, receive the messages from it and print them out, and then send the
messages back to the server.
28 [Link]('Hello')
29 [Link]('This is my IP.')
30 while True:
31 data = [Link](1024)
32 if(len(data) == 0):
33 print("Close socket")
34 [Link]()
35 break
36 print(data)
37 ret=[Link](data)
If an exception occurs in the program, for example, the remote server is shut down, execute the following
program, turn off the socket function, and disconnect the WiFi.
39 print("TCP close, please reset!")
40 if (s):
41 [Link]()
42 [Link]()
43 [Link](False)

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

242 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

Reference
Class socket
Before each use of socket, please add the statement “import socket” to the top of the python file.
socket([af, type, proto]): Create a socket.
af: address
socket.AF_INET: IPv4
socket.AF_INET6: IPv6
type: type
socket.SOCK_STREAM : TCP stream
socket.SOCK_DGRAM : UDP datagram
socket.SOCK_RAW : Original socket
socket.SO_REUSEADDR : socket reusable
proto: protocol number
socket.IPPROTO_TCP: TCPmode
socket.IPPROTO_UDP: UDPmode
[Link](level, optname, value): Set the socket according to the options.
Level: Level of socket option
socket.SOL_SOCKET: Level of socket option. By default, it is 4095.
optname: Options of socket
socket.SO_REUSEADDR: Allowing a socket interface to be tied to an address that is already in use.
value: The value can be an integer or a bytes-like object representing a buffer.
[Link](address): To connect to server.
Address: Tuple or list of the server’s address and port number
send(bytes): Send data and return the bytes sent.
recv(bufsize): Receive data and return a bytes object representing the data received.
close(): Close socket.
To learn more please visit: [Link]

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 243

Project 21.2 As Server

In this section, ESP32-S3 is used as a server to wait for the connection and communication of client on the
same LAN.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using a USB cable.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

244 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “21.2_TCP_as_Server” and

double click “TCP_as_Server.py”.

Before clicking “Run current script”, please modify the name and password of your router shown in the box
below.
21.2_TCP_as_Server

After making sure that the router’s name and password are correct, click “Run current script” and in “Shell”,
you can see a server opened by the ESP32-S3 waiting to connecting to other network devices.

IP address and port

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 245

Processing：
Open the “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Codes/MicroPython_Codes/21.2_TCP_as_Server/
sketchWiFi/[Link]”.
Based on the message printed in "Shell", enter the correct IP address and port when processing, and click to
establish a connection with ESP32-S3 to communicate.

Enter IP address and port of

the serial monitor.

Click

You can enter any information in the “Send Box” of sketchWiFi. Click “Send” and ESP32-S3 will print the
received messages to “Shell” and send them back to sketchWiFi.

Any concerns?  support@[Link]

246 Chapter 21 TCP/IP [Link] █

The following is the program code:

1 import network
2 import socket
3 import time
4
5 ssidRouter = "********" #Enter the router name
6 passwordRouter = "********" #Enter the router password
7 port = 8000 #input the remote port
8 wlan = None
9 listenSocket = None
10
11 def connectWifi(ssid,passwd):
12 global wlan
13 wlan=[Link](network.STA_IF)
14 [Link](True)
15 [Link]()
16 [Link](ssid,passwd)
17 while([Link]()[0]=='[Link]'):
18 [Link](1)
19 return True
20
21 try:
22 connectWifi(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
23 ip=[Link]()[0]
24 listenSocket = [Link]()
25 [Link]((ip,port))
26 [Link](1)
27 [Link](socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
28 print('tcp waiting...')
29 while True:
30 print("Server IP:",ip,"\tPort:",port)
31 print("accepting.....")
32 conn,addr = [Link]()
33 print(addr,"connected")
34 break
35 [Link]('I am Server')
36 while True:
37 data = [Link](1024)
38 if(len(data) == 0):
39 print("close socket")
40 [Link]()
41 [Link]()
42 [Link](False)
43 break

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 █ [Link] Chapter 21 TCP/IP 247

44 else:
45 print(data)
46 ret = [Link](data)
47 except:
48 print("Close TCP-Server, please reset.")
49 if(listenSocket):
50 [Link]()
51 [Link]()
52 [Link](False)
Call function connectWifi() to connect to router and obtain the dynamic IP that it assigns to ESP32-S3.
22 connectWifi(ssidRouter,passwordRouter)
23 ip=[Link]()[0]
Open the socket server, bind the server to the dynamic IP, and open a data monitoring port.
24 listenSocket = [Link]()
25 [Link]((ip,port))
26 [Link](1)
27 [Link](socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
Print the server’s IP address and port, monitor the port and wait for the connection of other network devices.
29 while True:
30 print("Server IP:",ip,"\tPort:",port)
31 print("accepting.....")
32 conn,addr = [Link]()
33 print(addr,"connected")
34 break
Each time receiving data, print them in “Shell” and send them back to the client.
36 while True:
37 data = [Link](1024)
38 if(len(data) == 0):
39 print("close socket")
40 [Link]()
41 [Link]()
42 [Link](False)
43 break
44 else:
45 print(data)
46 ret = [Link](data)
If the client is disconnected, close the server and disconnect WiFi.
47 except:
48 print("Close TCP-Server, please reset.")
49 if(listenSocket):
50 [Link]()
51 [Link]()
52 [Link](False)

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248 Chapter 22 Camera Web Server [Link] █

Chapter 22 Camera Web Server

In this section, we'll use ESP32's video function as an example to study.

Project 22.1 Camera Web Server

Connect ESP32 using USB and check its IP address through serial monitor. Use web page to access IP address
to obtain video and image data.

Component List

ESP32-S3(N16R8)/ESP32-S3(N8R8) USB cable x1

or

Circuit

Connect Freenove ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

Code

Move the program folder “Freenove_Super_Starter_Kit_for_ESP32_S3/Python/Python_Codes” to disk(D)

in advance with the path of “D:/Micropython_Codes”.

Since Micropython does not provide firmware including camera module, in this chapter, we will use the
camera based on the firmware in lemariva's Github project, micropython-camera-driver.
Project link：[Link]

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 █ [Link] Chapter 22 Camera Web Server 249

Before starting the project, we need to re-upload the firmware with the camera module via steps below.
Open Thonny, click “run” and select “Select interpreter...””

Select “Micropython (ESP32)”，select “USB Single Serial @ COM28”，and then click the long button under
“Firmware”.

Click

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250 Chapter 22 Camera Web Server [Link] █

Click “Select local MicroPython image …”.

Choose “esp32s3_camera_st7789_n8r8_1.[Link]”

Select “USB Single Serial @ COM28”

Click “Install”, Wait for completion.

Open “Thonny”, click “This computer” → “D:” → “Micropython_Codes” → “22.1_Camera_WebServer”.
Select folder “lib”, right click your mouse to select “Upload to /”, wait for “lib” to be uploaded to ESP32-
WROVER and then double click “picoweb_video.py”.

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 █ [Link] Chapter 22 Camera Web Server 251

22.1_Camera_WebServer

Before running the program, please modify your router’s name and password in the box shown in the
illustration above to make sure that your code can compile and work successfully.
Click "run" to run the code "picoweb_video.py", then you can see the following content in the shell area.

If your ESP32S3 has been in the process of connecting to router, but the information above has not been
printed out, please re-check whether the router name and password have been entered correctly and press
the reset key on ESP32S3 to wait for a successful connection prompt.
Open a web browser, enter the IP address printed by the serial monitor in the address bar, and access it.
Taking the Google browser as an example, here's what the browser prints out after successful access to
ESP32S3's IP.

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252 Chapter 22 Camera Web Server [Link] █

The effect is shown in the image below.

Please note:
If the shell area prompts an error when you click to run the code, please press the rst button on the
ESP32S3, wait for the system reset to complete, and then re-run the code.
The following is the program code.
1 # This section uses firmware from Lemariva's Micropython-camera-driver.
2 # for details, please refer to: [Link]
3 import picoweb
4 import utime
5 import camera
6 import gc
7
8 SSID = "******" # Enter your WiFi name
9 PASSWORD = "******" # Enter your WiFi password
10
11 # Let ESP32 connect to wifi.
12 def wifi_connect():
13 import network
14 wlan = [Link](network.STA_IF)
15 [Link](True)
16 if not [Link]():
17 print('connecting to network...')
18 [Link](SSID, PASSWORD)
19 start = [Link]()
20 while not [Link]():
21 [Link](1)

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 █ [Link] Chapter 22 Camera Web Server 253

22 if [Link]()-start > 5:
23 print("connect timeout!")
24 break
25 if [Link]():
26 print('network config:', [Link]())
27
28 # Initializing the Camera
29 def camera_init():
30 # Disable camera initialization
31 [Link]()
32 # Enable camera initialization
33 [Link](0, d0=11, d1=9, d2=8, d3=10, d4=12, d5=18, d6=17, d7=16,
34 format=[Link], framesize=camera.FRAME_VGA,
35 xclk_freq=camera.XCLK_10MHz,
36 href=7, vsync=6, reset=-1, pwdn=-1,
37 sioc=5, siod=4, xclk=15, pclk=13, fb_location=[Link])
38
39 [Link](camera.FRAME_VGA) # Set the camera resolution
40 # The options are the following:
41 # FRAME_96X96 FRAME_QQVGA FRAME_QCIF FRAME_HQVGA FRAME_240X240
42 # FRAME_QVGA FRAME_CIF FRAME_HVGA FRAME_VGA FRAME_SVGA
43 # FRAME_XGA FRAME_HD FRAME_SXGA FRAME_UXGA
44 # Note: The higher the resolution, the more memory is used.
45 # Note: And too much memory may cause the program to fail.
46
47 [Link](0) # Flip up and down window: 0-1
48 [Link](0) # Flip window left and right: 0-1
49 [Link](0) # saturation: -2,2 (default 0). -2 grayscale
50 [Link](0) # brightness: -2,2 (default 0). 2 brightness
51 [Link](0) # contrast: -2,2 (default 0). 2 highcontrast
[Link](10) # quality: # 10-63 lower number means higher quality
52 # Note: The smaller the number, the sharper the image. The larger the number, the more
53 blurry the image
54
[Link](camera.EFFECT_NONE) # special effects:
55 # EFFECT_NONE (default) EFFECT_NEG EFFECT_BW EFFECT_RED EFFECT_GREEN EFFECT_BLUE
56 EFFECT_RETRO
57 [Link](camera.WB_NONE) # white balance
58 # WB_NONE (default) WB_SUNNY WB_CLOUDY WB_OFFICE WB_HOME
59
60 # HTTP Response Content
61 index_web="""
62 HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n
63 <html>

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254 Chapter 22 Camera Web Server [Link] █

64 <head>
65 <title>Video Streaming</title>
66 </head>
67 <body>
68 <h1>Video Streaming Demonstration</h1>
69 <img src="/video" margin-top:100px; style="transform:rotate(180deg)"; />
70 </body>
71 </html>
72 """
73
74 # HTTP Response
75 def index(req, resp):
76 # You can construct an HTTP response completely yourself, having
77 yield from [Link](index_web)
78
79 # Send camera pictures
80 def send_frame():
81 buf = [Link]()
82 yield (b'--frame\r\n'
83 b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n'
84 + buf + b'\r\n')
85 del buf
86 [Link]()
87
88 # Video transmission
89 def video(req, resp):
90 yield from picoweb.start_response(resp, content_type="multipart/x-mixed-replace;
91 boundary=frame")
92 while True:
93 yield from [Link](next(send_frame()))
94 [Link]()
95
96
97 ROUTES = [
98 # You can specify exact URI string matches...
99 ("/", index),
100 ("/video", video),
101 ]
102
103
104 if __name__ == '__main__':
105
106 import ulogging as logging
107 [Link](level=[Link])

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 █ [Link] Chapter 22 Camera Web Server 255

108 camera_init()
109 wifi_connect()
110
111 #Create an app object that contains two decorators
112 app = [Link](__name__, ROUTES)
113
114 [Link](debug=1, port=80, host="[Link]")
115 # debug values:
116 # -1 disable all logging
117 # 0 (False) normal logging: requests and errors
118 # 1 (True) debug logging
119 # 2 extra debug logging
Import picoweb、utime、camera、gc modules.
1 import picoweb
2 import utime
3 import camera
4 import gc
Before running the code, please modify the WiFi name and password in the code to ensure that the ESP32S3
can connect to the network.
8 SSID = "******" # Enter your WiFi name
9 PASSWORD = "******" # Enter your WiFi password
Define the WiFi connection function, set the ESP32S3 to STA mode, and let the ESP32S3 connect to the nearby
WiFi. If the connection is successful, the WiFi configuration information of the ESP32S3 will be printed; if the
connection fails, the connection timeout will be printed.
12 def wifi_connect():
13 import network
14 wlan = [Link](network.STA_IF)
15 [Link](True)
16 if not [Link]():
17 print('connecting to network...')
18 [Link](SSID, PASSWORD)
19 start = [Link]()
20 while not [Link]():
21 [Link](1)
22 if [Link]()-start > 5:
23 print("connect timeout!")
24 break
25 if [Link]():
26 print('network config:', [Link]())
The deinit() is used to disable the configuration of the camera to prevent the previous configuration from
interfering with the following configuration.
The init() is used to configure the camera's pin driver, image data format, resolution and other information.
By default, please do not modify this function, otherwise the camera initialization fails and the image cannot
be obtained.

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256 Chapter 22 Camera Web Server [Link] █

31 [Link]()
32 # Enable camera initialization
33 [Link](0, d0=11, d1=9, d2=8, d3=10, d4=12, d5=18, d6=17, d7=16,
34 format=[Link], framesize=camera.FRAME_VGA,
35 xclk_freq=camera.XCLK_10MHz,
36 href=7, vsync=6, reset=-1, pwdn=-1,
37 sioc=5, siod=4, xclk=15, pclk=13, fb_location=[Link])
This function can set the resolution of the camera individually, you can refer to the notes below to select the
appropriate resolution size.
39 [Link](camera.FRAME_VGA) # Set the camera resolution
40 # The options are the following:
41 # FRAME_96X96 FRAME_QQVGA FRAME_QCIF FRAME_HQVGA FRAME_240X240
42 # FRAME_QVGA FRAME_CIF FRAME_HVGA FRAME_VGA FRAME_SVGA
43 # FRAME_XGA FRAME_HD FRAME_SXGA FRAME_UXGA
44 # Note: The higher the resolution, the more memory is used.
45 # Note: And too much memory may cause the program to fail.
The following functions can modify the image information obtained by the camera.
47 [Link](0) # Flip up and down window: 0-1
48 [Link](0) # Flip window left and right: 0-1
49 [Link](0) # saturation: -2,2 (default 0). -2 grayscale
50 [Link](0) # brightness: -2,2 (default 0). 2 brightness
51 [Link](0) # contrast: -2,2 (default 0). 2 highcontrast
52 [Link](10) # quality: # 10-63 lower number means higher quality
53 # Note: The smaller the number, the sharper the image. The larger the number, the more blurry
54 the image
55
56 [Link](camera.EFFECT_NONE) # special effects:
57 # EFFECT_NONE (default) EFFECT_NEG EFFECT_BW EFFECT_RED EFFECT_GREEN EFFECT_BLUE EFFECT_RETRO
58 [Link](camera.WB_NONE) # white balance
59 # WB_NONE (default) WB_SUNNY WB_CLOUDY WB_OFFICE WB_HOME
This is the code for a simple web interface, used here as an example.
61 index_web="""
62 HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n
63 <html>
64 <head>
65 <title>Video Streaming</title>
66 </head>
67 <body>
68 <h1>Video Streaming Demonstration</h1>
69 <img src="/video" margin-top:100px; style="transform:rotate(180deg)"; />
70 </body>
71 </html>
72 """
Web page response function. When a user visits the webpage "/" built by ESP32S3, ESP32S3 calls this function,

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 █ [Link] Chapter 22 Camera Web Server 257

allowing the user to observe a display interface in the browser.

75 def index(req, resp):
76 # You can construct an HTTP response completely yourself, having
77 yield from [Link](index_web)
send_frame() can send the image obtained by ESP32S3 in web page format. When someone visits the
webpage "/video" built by the ESP32S3, the video(req, resp) function is used to continuously fetch images
and send them to the browser.
79 # Send camera pictures
80 def send_frame():
81 buf = [Link]()
82 yield (b'--frame\r\n'
83 b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n'
84 + buf + b'\r\n')
85 del buf
86 [Link]()
87
88 # Video transmission
89 def video(req, resp):
90 yield from picoweb.start_response(resp, content_type="multipart/x-mixed-replace;
91 boundary=frame")
92 while True:
93 yield from [Link](next(send_frame()))
94 [Link]()
Create two route decorators and declare their listening strings and corresponding response handlers
respectively.
97 ROUTES = [
98 # You can specify exact URI string matches...
99 ("/", index),
100 ("/video", video),
101 ]
This is the main part of the program. First initialize the ESP32S3 camera, and then configure WiFi to connect
the ESP32S3 to the network. Call the picoweb library, build a webserver, and run it.
103 import ulogging as logging
104 [Link](level=[Link])
105 camera_init()
106 wifi_connect()
107
108 #Create an app object that contains two decorators
109 app = [Link](__name__, ROUTES)
110
111 [Link](debug=1, port=80, host="[Link]")

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258 Chapter 22 Camera Web Server [Link] █

Reference
Image resolution Sharpness Image resolution Sharpness
FRAMESIZE_96x96 96x96 FRAMESIZE_HVGA 480x320
FRAMESIZE_QQVGA 160x120 FRAMESIZE_VGA 640x480
FRAMESIZE_QCIF 176x144 FRAMESIZE_SVGA 800x600
FRAMESIZE_HQVGA 240x176 FRAMESIZE_XGA 1024x768
FRAMESIZE_240x240 240x240 FRAMESIZE_HD 1280x720
FRAMESIZE_QVGA 320x240 FRAMESIZE_SXGA 1280x1024
FRAMESIZE_CIF 400x296 FRAMESIZE_UXGA 1600x1200
We recommend that the resolution not exceed VGA(640x480).

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 █ [Link] What's next? 259

What's next?
Thanks for your reading. This tutorial is all over here. If you find any mistakes, omissions or you have other
ideas and questions about contents of this tutorial or the kit and etc., please feel free to contact us:

support@[Link]
We will check and correct it as soon as possible.

If you want learn more about ESP32S3, you view our ultimate tutorial:
[Link]

If you want to learn more about Arduino, Raspberry Pi, smart cars, robots and other interesting products in
science and technology, please continue to focus on our website. We will continue to launch cost-effective,
innovative and exciting products.

[Link]

End of the Tutorial

Thank you again for choosing Freenove products.

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