Design of Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Tables
Design Formulas from BS 8110-1:1997
Bending moment design:
Resistances of singly reinforced section: Singly reinforced section design: Doubly reinforced section design:
𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑑 =ℎ−𝑐 [for c to the center of bars] 𝑑′ = 𝑐 [for c to the center of bars]
′
𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 0.95𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐 − ∅/2 [for c containing links] 𝑑 = 𝑐 + ∅/2 [for c containing links]
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑐𝑐 𝑍 = 𝐹𝑠𝑡 𝑍 [𝑍 = 𝑑 − 𝑠/2] 𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐 − ∅𝑙 − ∅/2 [for clear c] 𝑑 ′ = 𝑐 + ∅𝑙 + ∅/2 [for clear c]
Resistances of doubly reinforced section: 𝑀 𝑑′
𝐾= ≤ 0.185
𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑑
𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑍 𝐾 𝐾 ′ = 0.156
= 0.5 + √0.25 −
𝐹𝑠𝑐 = 0.95𝑓𝑦 𝐴′𝑠 [with yielded bars] 𝑑 0.9
𝑍 = 0.775𝑑
𝑍
𝐹𝑠𝑡 = 0.95𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 𝑍 = ( )𝑑 (𝐾−𝐾 ′)𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑑 𝐴′𝑠 =
0.95𝑓𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑 ′)
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑐𝑐 𝑍 + 𝐹𝑠𝑐 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑀
0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑍 𝐴′𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.2𝑏ℎ/100
Resistance of flange in flanged beam:
0.24𝑏ℎ/100 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐾 ′ 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2
ℎ𝑓 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴′𝑠 +
𝑀𝑓 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑓 ℎ𝑓 (𝑑 − ) 0.13𝑏ℎ/100 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑦 = 460 𝑀𝑃𝑎 0.95𝑓𝑦 𝑍
2
Shear design:
Shear at face of beam’s support: Design shear strength of reinforced concrete: Links design:
1 1 1
𝑏
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉 − 𝑤 ( 𝑐) [Force] 𝑣𝑐 =
0.79 100𝐴𝑠 3 400 4 𝑓𝑐𝑢 3
( ) ( ) ( ) For 𝑣 ≤ (𝑣𝑐 + 0.4) ∶
2 1.25 𝑏𝑑 𝑑 25
𝑉𝑎 0.95𝑓𝑦𝑣 𝐴𝑠𝑣
𝑣= [Stress] 100𝐴𝑠
𝑠𝑣 ≤ ≤ 0.75𝑑
𝑏𝑑 0.4𝑏𝑣
≤3
𝑏𝑑
0.8√𝑓𝑐𝑢 ≤ 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 [Strength] 1
400 4 For 𝑣 > (𝑣𝑐 + 0.4) ∶
( ) ≥1 [for members with shear reinforcement]
𝑑
Shear at 1.0d form face of beam’s support: 0.95𝑓𝑦𝑣 𝐴𝑠𝑣
1 𝑠𝑣 ≤ ≤ 0.75𝑑
400 4 𝑏𝑣 (𝑣−𝑣𝑐 )
𝑏𝑐 ( ) ≥ 0.67 [for members without shear reinforcement]
𝑉𝑑 = 𝑉 − 𝑤 ( + 𝑑) [Force] 𝑑
2
𝑉𝑑
𝑓𝑐𝑢 ≤ 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 2𝐴∅𝑙
𝑣= [Stress]
𝑏𝑑
Deflection design:
General deflection limit: Modification factor for tension rebars: Modification factor for compression rebars:
𝑙 𝑙 477−𝑓𝑠 100𝐴′𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 100𝐴′𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
( ) =( ) 𝑀𝐹𝑡 𝑀𝐹𝑐 𝑀𝐹𝑡 = 0.55 + ≤2 𝑀𝐹𝑐 = 1 + ÷ (3 + ) ≤ 1.5
𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑑 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 120(0.9+𝐾𝑓𝑐𝑢 ) 𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑
2𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑓𝑠 =
3𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
Columns design:
Columns with insignificant moments: Columns with symmetrical beams: Columns with biaxial moments:
𝑁 = 0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 (𝑏ℎ − 𝐴𝑠𝑐 ) + 0.8𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑐 𝑁 = 0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢 (𝑏ℎ − 𝐴𝑠𝑐 ) + 0.7𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦 ℎ′
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ ∶ 𝑀𝑥′ = 𝑀𝑥 + 𝛽 𝑀𝑦
ℎ′ 𝑏′ 𝑏′
𝑁−0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑏ℎ 𝑁−0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑏ℎ
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 𝑀𝑦 𝑀𝑥 𝑏′
0.8𝑓𝑦 −0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 07𝑓𝑦 −0.35𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝐹𝑜𝑟 > ∶ 𝑀𝑦′ = 𝑀𝑦 + 𝛽 𝑀𝑥
𝑏′ ℎ′ ℎ′
Effective height of column: Main reinforcement ratio limits: Transverse reinforcement (Links):
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑙𝑒 = 𝛽𝑙𝑜 6 ≥ (100𝐴𝑠𝑐 /𝑏ℎ) ≥ 0.4 ∅𝑙 =
4
≥ 6 𝑚𝑚 , 𝑆𝑙 ≤ 12∅𝑚𝑖𝑛
Mr. Nyazi Tawfeeg Page 1 of 3
Design of Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Tables
Foundations design:
Pressure of soil: Bar spacing: Punching shear at face of column:
𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 − 24ℎ [net]
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝑉 = 𝑃(𝐵2 − 𝑏𝑐 ℎ𝑐 ) , 𝑣 = 𝑉/(𝑢0 𝑑)
𝐴𝑠 /𝐴∅
𝑃 = 𝑁𝑢 /𝐵2 [design] 𝑢0 = 2(𝑏𝑐 + ℎ𝑐 )
𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡: 𝑙𝑐 ≤ (3𝑏𝑐 + 9𝑑)/4
Required area of base: Punching shear at 1.5d from face of column:
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝑏𝑐 + 3𝑑
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑁𝑠 /𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑉 = 𝑃[𝐵2 − (𝑏𝑐 + 3𝑑)(ℎ𝑐 + 3𝑑)] , 𝑣 = 𝑉/(𝑢𝑑 𝑑)
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 2𝐴𝑠 /3 𝑢𝑑 = 2(𝑏𝑐 + ℎ𝑐 ) + 12𝑑
Moment & effective depth:
𝑀 = 𝑃𝐵(𝐵 − 𝑏𝑐 )2 /8 𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝐵 − (𝑏𝑐 + 3𝑑) Critical shear at 1.0d from face of column:
𝑑 =ℎ−𝑐−∅ 𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠 /3 𝑉 = 𝑃𝐵(𝐵 − 𝑏𝑐 − 2𝑑)/2 , 𝑣 = 𝑉/(𝑏𝑑)
Design Tables from BS 8110-1:1997
Mr. Nyazi Tawfeeg Page 2 of 3
Design of Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Tables
Sectional Area of Group of Bars
Sectional area of group of bars [mm²]
Bar size Number of bars
[mm]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6 28 57 85 113 141 170 198 226 254 283
8 50 101 151 201 251 302 352 402 452 503
10 79 157 236 314 393 471 550 628 707 785
12 113 226 339 452 565 679 792 905 1018 1131
16 201 402 603 804 1005 1206 1407 1608 1810 2011
20 314 628 942 1257 1571 1885 2199 2513 2827 3142
25 491 982 1473 1963 2454 2945 3436 3927 4418 4909
32 804 1608 2413 3217 4021 4825 5630 6434 7238 8042
40 1257 2513 3770 5027 6283 7540 8796 10053 11310 12566
Sectional area of group of bars per meter width [mm²/m]
Bar size Spacing of bars [mm]
[mm]
75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
6 377 283 226 188 162 141 126 113 103 94
8 670 503 402 335 287 251 223 201 183 168
10 1047 785 628 524 449 393 349 314 286 262
12 1508 1131 905 754 646 565 503 452 411 377
16 2681 2011 1608 1340 1149 1005 894 804 731 670
20 4189 3142 2513 2094 1795 1571 1396 1257 1142 1047
25 6545 4909 3927 3272 2805 2454 2182 1963 1785 1636
32 10723 8042 6434 5362 4596 4021 3574 3217 2925 2681
40 16755 12566 10053 8378 7181 6283 5585 5027 4570 4189
Mr. Nyazi Tawfeeg Page 3 of 3