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Statistics Homework: Central Tendency & Variance

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Saddam Hossain
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4 views3 pages

Statistics Homework: Central Tendency & Variance

Uploaded by

Saddam Hossain
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Statistics Homework Assignment

Question 1: Basic Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion


Part A: Mean, Median, Mode

Given data: [45, 52, 38, 47, 55, 41, 49]


Mean = 47.57
Median = 47
Mode = No mode

Part B: Sample Variance and Sample Standard Deviation

Sample Variance = 60.90


Sample Standard Deviation = 7.80

Part C: Measure of Central Tendency with Outlier

With an outlier of 150, the new data becomes: [45, 52, 38, 47, 55, 41, 49, 150]
Mean with Outlier = 54.43
Median with Outlier = 47
Mode with Outlier = No mode

Question 2: Population vs Sample and Variance Division


Part A: Difference between Population and Sample

Population refers to the entire set of data points, while a sample is a subset. Samples are
used due to practicality, as analyzing the entire population is often not feasible.

Part B: Sample Variance

Sample Variance for chocolate bars = 13.57

Part C: Explanation for Dividing by (n-1)

Dividing by (n-1) instead of n compensates for bias in sample variance estimation. This is
known as Bessel’s correction.

Question 3: Variables and Measurement Scales


Part A: Identify Variable Types

1. Student ID: Qualitative, Nominal


2. Age: Quantitative, Discrete, Ratio
3. Major field of study: Qualitative, Nominal
4. Satisfaction rating: Qualitative, Ordinal
5. Monthly income: Quantitative, Continuous, Ratio
6. Number of courses enrolled: Quantitative, Discrete, Ratio
7. GPA: Quantitative, Continuous, Ratio

Part B: Frequency Distribution

Frequency Distribution:
Very Unsatisfied: 5
Unsatisfied: 12
Neutral: 25
Satisfied: 35
Very Satisfied: 23

Part C: Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Frequency:
Very Unsatisfied: 5
Unsatisfied: 17
Neutral: 42
Satisfied: 77
Very Satisfied: 100

Question 4: Distribution Types and Skewness


Part A: Type of Skewness

Dataset A: Right Skewed (Mean > Median > Mode)


Dataset B: Left Skewed (Mean < Median < Mode)
Dataset C: Symmetrical (Mean = Median = Mode)

Part B: Real-World Examples

Left Skewed: Income distribution, house prices


Right Skewed: Age at retirement, time to complete a task
Symmetrical: Human heights, exam scores

Part C: Measure of Central Tendency for Business Decisions

Dataset A: Median
Dataset B: Median
Dataset C: Mean

Question 5: Z-Scores and Standardization


Part A: Z-Scores
Z-Scores for the students with exam scores [90, 65, 78, 95]:
Student A: Z = 1.00
Student B: Z = -1.08
Student C: Z = 0
Student D: Z = 1.42

Part C: Standardized Scores for A and B

Standardized Scores for Students A and B:


Student A: Z = 1.00
Student B: Z = -1.08

Question 6: Outlier Detection Using Z-Scores


Part A: Mean, Standard Deviation, Z-Scores

Mean Traffic: 2424.0


Standard Deviation Traffic: 219.57
Z-Scores for first three data points:
2400: Z = -0.11
2350: Z = -0.34
2500: Z = 0.35

Part B: Identifying Outliers

Outliers (using Z-scores threshold of |Z| > 2): [4200]

Part C: Recalculate Mean and Standard Deviation after Removing Outliers

New Mean after Removing Outliers: 2398.67


New Standard Deviation after Removing Outliers: 208.15

Question 7: Comprehensive Application


Part A: Five Number Summary

Five Number Summary for Daily Steps:


Min = 5800, Q1 = 7300.0, Median = 10500.0, Q3 = 13400.0, Max = 16500.0
Interquartile Range (IQR) = 6100.0

Part B: Outlier Detection using IQR

Outliers using IQR method: [15500, 16500]

Part C: Standardization and Z-Score Analysis

Outliers using Z-Scores method: [15500, 16500]

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