Cấu Trúc "line graph & biểu đồ có xu hướng thời gian"

1. As / Whereas/ While X verb, Y verb (at the same time).

 While the figure for factories in Japan went up dramatically to 120,000 in 2010, the
quantity in Korea plummeted to 12,000 at the same time.

2. Clause, followed by + Noun Phrase

 There was a dramatic growth in the number of factories in Japan to 120.000 in

2010,followed by a sharp decrease to 1,000 in 2015.

 There was a considerable increase to 1500 in the number of children doing athletics in
2010, followed by a gradual decrease to 1200 in 2015.

3. Clause, prior to/before/after Verb-ing

 The number of factories in Japan experienced an increase to 120,000 in 2010, before

hitting a free fall to 1,000 in 2015.

4. Clause, after Verb – ing

 The figure for factories in Japan hit a free fall to 1,000 in 2o15, after undergoing an
increase to 120,000 in 2010.

5. In comparison to/with X, which verb, Y verb.

 In comparison with the number of factories in Japan, which witnessed an dramatic

increase to 120,000 in 2010, the quantity in Korea plummeted to 12,000 at this time.

6. X verb, Verb-ing, (which verb).

 The quantity of factories in Japan went through a period of dramatic increase to 120,000
in 2010, exceeding the number in Korea, which had only 12,000.

7. The Gap Between + Subject + Narrows As People Get Older

 Dùng cấu trúc này khi hai đối tượng có số liệu thu hẹp lại

 The gap between the amount of time spent on watching TV and being online narrows as
people get older.

8. The Same/ Opposite Pattern Can Be Seen For …

 Cấu trúc tránh lặp đi lặp lại các cấu trúc quá nhiều lần.

 Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents
living with a partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be seen for people with
no children.

9. Các cấu trúc thể hiện thứ tự khác

 Starting / Standing at + số liệu + năm, S+ V +adv

 S + V +adv, Ving, and then V

 Cụm "for most of the period" (dùng cho phần lớn quãng thời gian của biểu đồ (>80%))

 S+V, but later+ V

  Dùng với từ respective

Câu Mẫu "line graph & biểu đồ có xu hướng thời gian"

 The price increased/ went up/ rose rapidly/ shot up = There was a sharp growth in the
price

 The price soared/ leaped/ climbed to a new peak

 The price hit a peak/ reached a high/ reached a peak

 The sale saw a noticeable turnaround (Doanh thu cải thiện tốt)

 A twofold/ threefold increase = doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled (gấp 4 lần)/ quintupled (gấp
5 lần)

 The price climbed/ soared to a peak

 Sales rose by 5% = a 5% rise was recorded = Sales recorded/ saw a 5% rise

 The price hit a peak of $200 over the 10-year period

 The price sank to new low point

 The price went into free fall

 There was a dip = the price dipped

 The price suffered/ experienced/ saw/ recorded/ witnessed/ show a steep/ sharp
decline/decrease/ fall = There was a/an adj + N in the price

 The price fell/ went back to the 2010 level

 The price fell to its lowest level

 The price gradually went down before experiencing a sharp decline

 There was a slight decline in the price, followed by a sudden drop/ a collapse/ tumble/
plunge…

 There was a marked fall in the price = The price fell markedly (for a short period, etc)

Phrasal verb miêu tả xu hướng "line graph & biểu đồ có xu hướng thời gian"

 Shoot up

 Definition: Increase rapidly.

 The sales of smartphones shot up in the last quarter.

 Level off

 Definition: To stabilize or reach a steady level after a period of change.

 After reaching its peak, the unemployment rate leveled off.

 Plunge into

 Definition: To decrease rapidly and sharply.

 The stock market plunged into chaos following the economic crisis.
  Climb up

 Definition: Increase gradually.

 The temperature climbed up throughout the day.

 Drop off

 Definition: Decrease sharply.

 Attendance at the event dropped off after the first hour.

 Taper off

 Definition: Decrease gradually.

 Interest in the new product tapered off after the initial hype.

 Rocket ahead

 Definition: Increase rapidly and significantly, usually in comparison to something

else.

 The company's profits rocketed ahead of its competitors.

 Edge up

 Definition: Increase slowly and gradually.

 The price of oil edged up over the course of the month.

 Plummet down

 Definition: Decrease rapidly and sharply.

 Confidence in the government's policies plummeted down after the scandal.

 Hover around

 Definition: Stay at or near a particular level.

 Prices of the commodity hovered around the $50 mark for most of the year.

Sử dụng giới từ trong bài Writing task 1

 To: Miêu tả sự thay đổi đến mức nào. Ví dụ: In 2010, the unemployment rate increased
to 5%
 By: Miêu tả sự thay đổi trong một khoảng cụ thể. Ví dụ: In 2018, the rate of school
enrolment in Viet Duc Primary School fell by 2% (from 15% to 13%)
 With: Miêu tả phần trăm, số lương. Ví dụ: He won the election with 53% of the vote
 At: Cung cấp con số cụ thể. Ví dụ: The unemployment rate hit its highest point, at 10%

Dạng bài tỉ lệ, %

Các từ chia tỉ lệ thông dụng:

 10% - one in ten

 25% - a quarter
 20% - a fifth
 30% - nearly a third
 33% - a third
 51% - more than a half
 75% - three quarters
 97% - a majority
 5% - a small fraction
 10% - a tenth, one in ten
 15% - less than a fifth
 20% - a fifth
 25% - a quarter
 30% - nearly a third
 33% - a third, one-third
 50% - a half
 65% - nearly two-thirds
 75% - three quarters
 32% - Nearly a third
 49% - Almost a half
 68% - Over two-thirds
 9% A small fraction
 35% Just over/More than a third
 76% More than/Over three quarters
 4% = A tiny fraction.
 24% = Almost a quarter.
 25% Exactly a quarter.
 26% = Roughly one quarter.
 32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
 49% = Around a half, just under a half.
 50% = Exactly a half.
 51% = Just over a half.
 73% = Nearly three quarters.
 77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter.
 79% = Well over three quarters.
 2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
 4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
 16% = A small minority, a small portion.
 70% = A large proportion.
 72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very large proportion.
 89% = A very large proportion.

Để miêu tả các số liệu liên quan đến phần trăm và tỉ lệ, các bạn có thể sử dụng các động từ
như: account for = make up = consist of = comprise + ... %. Ví dụ: The number of 1st grade
students accounts for 15% of the total students at Thang Long Primary School.
 Xu hướng (Trend) Động từ (Verb) Danh từ (Noun)

- increase
- increase
- rise
- rise
Xu hướng tăng - grow
- growth
- go up
- upward trend
- climb

- rocket - rocket
- soar - soar
Xu hướng tăng mạnh
- leap - leap
- jump - jump

- decrease - decrease
- fall/fall down - fall
- go down - downward trend
Xu hướng giảm
- reduce - reduction
- decline - decline
- drop - drop

- plunge - plunge
- slump - slump
Xu hướng giảm mạnh - dive - dive
- plummet - plummet
- dip - dip

- fluctuate
Xu hướng tăng giảm - fluctuation
- oscillate
bất thường - wave - variation
- vary

- remain/stay stable
- remain/stay unchanged
Xu hướng ổn định - stabilty
- stabilize
- to be unchanged

- reach a peak
Đạt mức cao nhất
- reach/hit the highest point

- reach/hit the lowest point

Đạt mức thấp nhất - fall to a low
- reach a bottom