Part - BIT- Unit – 2 Operating web

1. Define web based applications.

An application that can be accessed via a web browser, over a network connection is called a
web-based application. web-based applications are used for reservation of tickets and
bookings, e-governance, online shopping with the provision of making payments online using
credit/debit cards, and learning using online tutorials, tests etc. They allow access to the
facilities via the Internet from the comfort of home, office, car, etc.
2. Explain the types of web based applications.

The web-based online applications can be broadly categorized into two categories:
1. Aapplications that require financial online transactions.
Ex: online reservation system, online shopping, and bill payments
2. Aapplications that provide information like filling forms, posting query, viewing
information, sending email or chatting.
Ex: Egovernance, online tutorial and tests
3. Mention the applications of Web Based Applications:
1. Reservation of tickets
2. Bookings
3. E-governance
4. Online shopping with the provision of making payments online using credit/debit cards
5. Learning using online tutorials
6. Tests etc.
4. Define Online Reservation System and list some examples of Online reservation.
• An online reservation system allows booking /cancellation of tickets through use of
Internet. A
• user can retrieve information and perform transaction related to reservation of ticket.
Some
Examples of online reservation systems are :
• Airline ticket
• Railway ticket
• Bus ticket
• Movie ticket
• Hotel booking
• Car rental
• Tour and travel booking
5. Explain the advantages of Online Reservation System for consumer.
• Convenient: The user/consumer can book tickets anytime anywhere - from home, office,
while travelling, etc.
All the user needs is just a computer, Internet access, and a card (credit, debit, etc.) for
payment. The user saves time (going physically to a booking office in the defined timings,
finding parking for car, etc., standing in a queue in booking office) and energy. Making
changes to bookings like, cancellation, upgradation is also easy. It is very convenient for
the users with special needs.
• Price Comparison: In this competitive world, a service may be provided by several
providers - cinema tickets on Wave cinema, PVR, Big Cinema etc.; online booking allows
the customer to check the prices, compare them and get the best deal.
• Several websites which provide the comparisons across similar service providers exist.
For example, [Link] provides comparative pricing of the air ticket
providers from a particular source to a destination. This is in contrast to manual system
where a user is made to book his/her ticket for the airline that the travel agent
recommends.
• Security: Most online reservation sites require the user to create their profile and provide
them with a username and password. The information thus remains secure until their
password is secure.
• Confirmation of Reservation: When a booking is done, the confirmation of the
booking just takes a few seconds. It is fast and secure. The confirmed booking of your
booked ticket can be viewed on your mobile, iPad, iPhone, laptop, etc., and can also be
printed.
• Making Choices: In online booking, the user can see the arrangement of seats, select a
particular seat, etc. In railway booking, selection of lower erth/upper berth type of food
required and booking for beddings is possible. You can read reviews posted by people
when making choices.
• Time Saving: Online reservation consumes very less time in contrast to long queues at
the counter.
• Discount Scheme: The users can avail the special discount schemes provided by the
service provider like, season discount, advance booking discount and frequent user
discount.
6. Explain the advantages of Online Reservation System for Providers.
• Requires Less Staffing: Less man-power is required as every task is done through
computers.
• No Spatial Restrictions:
The organization which is providing online reservation may be operating from the
basement of their house, a garage, an office space in a small building, an office in a large
commercial mall, or an office from their own building. The physical location of the office
does not really matter to a customer who is reserving tickets online.
So, the organization, big or small, can choose their office space depending on their
needs. Online reservation also reduces the bills for office rent, electricity, etc. although
initial costs need to be incurred on setting up the website and maintaining it.
• Global Access: Online reservation is available to anyone irrespective of their physical
location. The scope of access to the online reservation becomes large as anyone who has
access to the Internet can search for the reservation site and book the tickets.
7. Precautions while Performing Online Transactions.
• Make a password complex, like mix case, use numbers and special characters. This
decreases ability of automated attacks by trying different character combinations.
• Be cautious not to leave passwords around and do not share them with friends.
• Never use names of near and dear ones as passwords
8. Using Online Reservation Systems
For using any online reservation system, we need to do the following:
• Open the online reservation website: On your machine having an Internet connection,
open a web browser like Internet Explorer, Google's chrome to open a website.
• If you know the address of the website then type the address in the address bar,
or
• If you do not know the address, open a search engine like [Link] or [Link]
and search for an online reservation website. Get the address of the required site.
For example, on the Google Search, you can search for the Air India ticket
reservation site.
• Open the website
• Browse and search for the required information
• Use the website for reservation.
9. Write the steps to create new account IRCTC) online portal.
Create New Account
• Locate and click <Signup> link. An individual registration page opens.
• Read the instructions and fill the registration form. The fields marked with a star
(*) are mandatory.
 • After filling the form, click the <Submit> button.
• Once your account has been created, now you can perform transactions from Your
account.
10. Mention some E-Governance Sites.
 National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)
 National e-Governance Division (NeGD)
 e-Governance Infrastructure
 Mission Mode Projects
 Citizens Services
 Business Services
 Government Services
 Projects and Initiatives
 R&D in e-Governance
11. Mention the benefits of Online Shopping.
 The customer does not have enough time to visit a store and purchase goods.
 The store where you will get what you need may be very far off.
 The money spent in travelling to the store, parking the car, etc., is much more than
overhead if any in online shopping.
 The product you may require is not available at your market.
 You want to send a product to your friend; you can do online shopping and provide
the receiver's address. You save your time and energy for delivery of the product to
your friend's house located in a different city.
 You do not have time during the shopping hours. You can do online shopping from
your office, home, a friend's place, anywhere, any time. Thus there are no fixed
shopping hours.
 Online shopping also has bargain offers for the customer delight.
 Some online stores allow customers to rate their services and the items. This can be
used to know the quality of service an online store is providing you. You can also
know about the popularity of the item you are purchasing.
12. Explain the working procedure of Online shopping.
The steps for online shopping are as follows:
 Open the shopping site, from where you want to shop online.
 If you just want to see the products and not buy any, you can simply browse the
site.
  If you wish to buy goods, then you may need to create your user account. It
requires filling in a registration form with your details along with a user name and
password.
For a site, the user account needs to be created only once. Next time, you can
simply login with your username and password. Some shopping sites may allow
you to make a purchase without creating an account, or allow you to logon using
your facebook or google account.
 To buy products, login with your user name and password.
 Just like you have a shopping basket when you physically go to a shop, online
shopping stores also provide you with a shopping cart or basket. You can select
the products that you wish to buy and add them to your shopping cart.
 Having selected your products, you can view what you have selected and the total
amount to be paid by you.
 You may delete any product from the shopping cart, or proceed for payment.
 Read the terms and conditions before making the payment.
 Some examples of online shopping stores :
 Flipkart for buying products in categories like movies, music, games,
mobiles, cameras, computers, healthcare and personal products, home
appliances and electronics, stationery, perfumes, toys, apparels, shoes,
books, cosmetics and mobiles.
 Ebay for buying and selling products in categories like, movies, music,
games, mobiles, cameras, computers, healthcare and personal products,
home appliances and electronics, stationery, perfumes, toys, apparels,
shoes, books, cosmetics and mobiles.
 Some Other Sites are: [Link], [Link], [Link], [Link] and
Infibeam.
13. Explain Bill Payments
Online shoppers generally make payments using their debit card or credit card.
However, different websites enable the user to make payments via alternative
methods like net banking, e-gift voucher, cash on delivery and wire transfer. Always
read the terms and conditions while making the payments. Bill payments can also be
made for several government services like electricity bill, water bill, property tax and
income tax payments.
14. Explain Online Courses, Tutorials and Tests.
Online courses and tutorials help the user in learning like using software, video game,
or a lesson.
In online tutoring, the students and the teachers are at physically different locations,
connected to each other via Internet. Online learning has many benefits. It provides
freedom to the learner to learn at their convenient location, convenient time and at
their own pace of learning. Also, there is no discrimination of age, caste, gender,
background, or the qualification of the learner. The tutorials may be enriched with
audio and video information, which makes learning more enjoyable and attractive.
Also, tutorials and tests are available for almost all topics, sometimes in regional
languages also.
The tutorials may require different kinds of interaction with the user, for example,
Video/slide tutorials where the video or slides of lectures are available. The learner can
Visit the site and view the tutorials.
Interactive tutorials require the user to follow the instructions, perform the desired
Action and get a feedback.
Webinars are real time lectures, where users participate in the lecture, may ask
questions, and get their queries answered.
15. List some online educational sites.
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
16. Phases in a Web Application Project
The process of development of web based applications is broadly categorized in four
phases. During the development process, one needs to follow the following four main
phases of development:
1) Requirements Definition Phase
2) Design Phase
3) Implementation Phase
4) Testing Phase