Student'sBook

Paul A Davies & Tim Falla

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
I
 Contents Reading Vocabulary Grammar
0 The circle of life
page9
Part 1 Multiple choice
The Jim twins
Desetibing petsonalitv Talking aboat the
futu~

8 Wild
page 21
Part 3 Multiplematching
aom ~ be r,1ld
.n:[Link]•
:De!ICfibina
lemJscap!S

.
e What's so funny?
page 33
Part 2 Gapped text
ii.,
,e,i'
, "le Uin
...
~ev,.,,~, ...
.....
0 Inspired
page45
Part 2 Gapped text
When the music
Films Simple and continuous
tenses
takes you

0 Real or fake?
page 57
Part 3 Multiple matching
Impostors
Vexbs connected with
speech
Reported speech

G Journeys
page69
Part 1 Multiple choice
c-ttocoast

0 I get the message

page 81
Part 3 Multiple matching
0

0 A matter of taste
page93
Part 2 Gapped text
The great taste
Food Speculating about the
present and past
sensation

C, Going to extremes Part 1 Multiple choice COIJll)OUDd adjectives

page 105 Against all odds

e All in the mind

page 117
Part 2 Gapped text
1 r:hob n,,,, ui
MMw ecti'ril:lea .
-•b ,, .w ntu.,

(D Man and machine Part 1 Multiple choice

page 129 alllu 1UL:::ur::,
E

'!) Make a difference Part 3 Multiple matching Achievement and Causative verbs: have,
page 141 Performing protests success make. let and get

Lead in Review Exam Overview

• ••
at the start of every unit at the end of every unit

•
page 4
 •
Listening Speaking
• •
Use of English Vocabulary Writing
Part 4 Multiplechoice Part 1 Part 4 Keyword Using a dictionary Part 2 An Informalletter
transformations

•
~ Part 2 Sentence Part2 Part 2 Open cloze CaUective nouns Part 1 A formalemail
\ completion
•

~""•
~

Part tMultfple choice Parts 3and 4 Part l Multiple-choice Phrasal verbs with Part 2 A stoty

:,.,;; - •III•
cloze put

Part l Multiplechoice Part2 Part 2 Open cloze Phrasal verbs with Part 2 A review
take

Part 4 Multiplechoice Part1 Part 3 Wordformation Idioms connected Part 2 An essay

with speech

--.
••
Part 1 Multiplechoice Part3 Part 4 Keyword
transformations and go
with
Td11J111S come Part 1 An informalemail
.-
... ·-
--•• f~rt 3 Multiplematching Parts3 and 4 Part 1 Multiple-choice Phmsalvedls Part 1 An informalemail
....
cloze
.....
Part 3 Multiplematching Parts 3 and4 Part 3 Wordformation Wordpaits Part 2 A report

Part 2 Sentence Part2 Part 4 Keyword Body idioms Part 1 A letter

completion transformations

Part 3 Multiplematching Part 2 Part 3 Wordformation Express-lam; with Part 1 A letter

I• miDd
~

.,,• Part ~ Multiplechoice Parts 3 and 4 Part 2 Open cloze

I', Compound DOWIS Part 1 A le:terof
• complaint
~ ....·:·.

Part 2 Sentence Part2 Part 1 Multiple-choice Compound Part 2 An article

completion cloze adjectives

Appendix Writing Guide Grammar lleference

--
page 153 page 155 page 163
 Exa
-
_,_,,_-vervie-wt
Introduction
The First Certificate of English corresponds to Level Three in :he
Cambridge £SOL five-level system. II also corresponds to the Association
of Language Teachers in Europe (ALTE) Level Three, and Council of
Europe level B2.
There are five papers in the examination, each worth 20% of :he total
marks. To achieve a passing grade (A, B or C) candidates must achieve
approximately 60% of the lOtal marks availallle, ur auuve. Candida1es·
grades are based on the total score from all five papers and there is no
pass or fail grade for individual papers.

Paper 1 Reading (1 hour)

This paper has tbree parts, each with a text or texts and comprehension
questions. There are 30 questions in total.
The texts may consist of several short pieces, and the length of each text
may be between S50-700 words.
The 1ex1sare taken from newspapers, magazines, reports, fiction,
advertisements, leaflets, brochures, etc.

Part Number of items What you do What it tests How to do it

1 8 Choose the best answer from four Your understandil).g of a text page 10
option multiple-choice questions. and opinions expressed in it.

2 7 Decide where sentences belong Your understanding of text page 94

in a text. structure and development.

3 15 Match prompts from a list to Your ability to find specific page 22

elements in a text. information.

Marks
One mark for each. correct answer to the multiple-matching tasks.
1\vo marks for each correct answer to the multiple-choice and gapped text tasks.

e C, Exam Overview
Paper 2 Writing (1 hour 20 minutes)
This paper has two parts. The Part 1 question is a compulsory letter
or email, and is based on input information. In Part 2 you choose one
question from four; Question S bas two options on a set reading text.
Answers for Part 1 should be 120-150 words in length, and for Part 2
120-180 words.

The task types for Part 2 will be from the following: _article,essay, lelter,
report, review, s,ory.
Examples of Paper 2 question types can be found in the Writing Guide on
pages 155-163.

Part Task type Number of items What you do What it tests Row to do it

1 Compulsory One compulsqry task. W1ite according Your ability to page 79

contextualised task to the task process input
based on input instructions. material and
material of up to 160 select and apply it
words, which could be according to the
from advertisements, instructions.
extracts from letters,
emails, etc. ·'

2 Contextualised task One from a choice of four Your ability to write page 19
in no more [Link] 70 questions; Question 5 according to the page 55
words. has two options. instructions, in the
correct style, layout
and register in order
to have a positive
effect on the reader.

Marks
Parts 1 and 2 have equal marks.

Exam Overview 8 e•
 Paper 3 Use of English (45 minutes)
This paper has four parts, and a total of 42 questions.
The testing focus is on understanding and comrolling formal elements of
language (e.g. grammar, word formation, spelling).

Part Task type Number of items What you do What it tests How to do it

1 Multiple-choice 12 Fill 12 gaps in a text Phrases, collocations, page 89

cloze choosing from four• idioms, phrasal verbs,
option multip:e-choice linkers, used to
items. complete a text with
the correct meaning
and grammatical
context.

2 open cJOze 12 Flll 12 gaps 1na Your awareness anct page 28

text with one word control of structural
per gap. items.

3 Word fcrmation 10 Form appropriate Word formation. page 64

words from p:ompts
to complete 1Dgaps in
a text.

4 Keyword 8 Complete a gapped Your awareness and page 112

transformations sentence with two to control of grammatical
five words, including and lexical items.
a key word, SJ that it
has the same meaning
as the lead-in sentence.

Marks
Parts 1, 2 and 3: one mark for each correct answer.
Part 4: each answer receives up to 2 marks.

t e C, Exam Overview
Paper 4 Listening (approx. 40 minutes)
This paper has four parts, and 30 questions.
The recorded texts may include the following:
Monologues: announcements, radio broadcasts, telephone messages,
speeches, talks, lectures, etc.
Conversations between two or three speakers: conversations, interviews,
discussions.
The testing focus is on understanding specific information, gist, attitude,
opinion, main points and detail.
All parts are heard twice. The instructions are given on the question
paper and are also heard. The recordings include a variety of voices,
styles of delivery and accents.

Part Task type Number of items What you do What it tests How to do it

1 Multiple choice 8 Listen to eight unrelated Yourunderstanding of page50

extracts and choose the gist, det!:lil,function,
best answer from three- purpose. attitude,
option multiple-choice ~ituation, genre, etc.
items.

2 Sentence 10 Listen to a monologue or Your understanding page 110

completion text involving interacting of detail, specific
speakers and complete information, stated
gaps in sentences with opinion.
information from the text.

3 Multiple 5 Listen to five sllort related As Part 1. page98

matching monologues and select
the correct option from a
list of six.

4 Multiple choice 7 Listen to a monologue or Your understanding of page 14

text involving interacting opinion, attitude, gist,
speakers and choose the main idea, specific
best answer !rom three- information.
option multiple-choice
items.

Marks
One mark for each correct answer.
Spelling must be correct for common words and those considered easy to spell.

Exam Overview O e•
 Paper 5 Speaking (approx. 14 minutes)
This paper bas four parts.
The standard format is two candidates and two examiners, one acting
as interlocutor and assessor, the other acting as assessor only. In certain
circumstances, three candidates may sit the test together.

Part Task type Length What you do What it tests How to do it

1 A conversation 3 minutes Ask and answer Your ability to use page 15

between the 'personal' questions. general interactional
interlocuto: and and social language.
each candidate.

2 Individual :ong 1 minute long turn Talk about visual Your ability to describe, page 123
turns and brief for each candidate prompts. compare, express
responses. and 20-second opinions.
response from the
second candidate.

3 Two-way 3 minutes Discuss a problem- Your ability to exchange page 39

interaction solving task based ideas, express and
between on visual and1or justify opinions, agree
candidates. wrltten prompts. and disagree, speculate,
reach a decision through
negotiation, etc.

4 A discussion 4 minutes Discuss issues Your ability to express page 86

between related to the and justify opinions,
candidates and Part 3 topic. agree a)ld/or disagree.
the interlocutor.

Marks
Candidates are assessed on their performance throughout the ,est in the
following areas:
• Grammar and vocabulary (accuracy and appropriacy)
• Discourse management (ability to express ideas in coherent, connected speech)
• Pronunciation Qndividual sounds, linking of words, stress and intonation)
• Interactive communication (ttuo-takjng, initiating and responding)
• Global achievement (overall effectiveness in the tasks)
The assessor marks according to detailed Analytical Scales, the interlocutor gives
a mai:k on a Global Scale, which is less detailed.

t C, Exam Overview
Th • -
le of lifdt
Leadin
1 Name any of the people you recognise in the photos.
Guess who is related and what the relationships are.
2 Compare your answers to l in pairs. Say which
physical features a-g helped you to guess.
a skin tone (fair/dark/tanned)
b hair colour (black/fair/blond/red)
c hairstyle (curly/straight)
d eye colour (blue/green/hazel/brown)
e eyebrows (bushy/thin)
f nose (large/small/hooked/turned up)
g mouth (full/thin lips)

3 Turn to page 153 to find out the answers to 1.

4 Work in pairs. Find out from your partner whether

• they look like one or both parents.
• they look like another relative in some way.
• they have a similar personality to
a parent o: sibling (brother or sister).

Unit1 C) ·•
 --
3 Scientists are particularly interested in identical
Reading twins who
A have been raised by different families.
Part 1 Multiple choice B are genetically exactly the same.
C look and behave in very similar ways.
1 Would you like to have an identical twin? Wbat
advantages and disadvantages might there be? D are not alike io terms of personality.
4 While they were growing up, twins Jim Lewis
2 Read tbe text opposite quickly. Oo cases like tbe and Jim Springer
'Jim rwins' tell scientists a, b or c? A were in regular coniact.
a why some women give birth to identical twins B knew about their twin, but had no contact.
b which physicalfeatures we inherit from which parent C did not know they had ever had a twin.
c how much of our personality we inherit from our D were prevented from seeing each other by
parents their adoptive families.
5 When the two Jims met as adults, how did they
A bow todoit react to the similarities between them?
~ Read the text-quickly for general meaning. A They had always expected them.
e Read the qu~tions [Link]'tread the options(A-D) yet. B They found tbem very amusing.
Underlinetl:e pi;lrtsof the text that contain the C They did not realise how similar
• informationyou need. they were until the researchers
• Readthe optionsand lookagain at the relevantpart of told them.
the text. Crossout any optionsthat are clearlywrong.
0 They were very surprised.
If you can't decide between two options,make an
intelligentguess. 6 As adults, the twins
A both had only one child.
3 Read the how to do it box. Then read the text again B both got married twice.
carefully, and for questions 1-8, choose the answer C had pets with the same name.
(A, B, C or D) [Link] you think fits best, according D married women who were
to the text. identical twins.
I Identical twins look the same 7 How do other cases of twins
A but usually have very different characters. raised apart compare with the
B and are usually identical in character too. 'Jim twins'?
C and are often very similar in character too. A They are all just as surprising.
D but rarely think in the same way. B They are less smprising, but
2 Unlike non-identical twins, identical twins are often show interesting
coincidences.
A more common among Asians than Africans.
C Many of them are even more surprising.
B becoming more and more common.
D Most of them show that other pairs of
C more common among older mothers.
identical twins are not very similar.
D equally common everywhere.
8 According to the text, you might find it difficult
to change your personality because
A only other people can change it.
B it is determined mainly by how your parents
treat you.
C you can't control your surroundines.
D you get your personality from your parents.

L
 THE
JIM
TWINS ou take it for granted that you are a unique

Y person, different from everybody else on Earth,

and you understand that everybody else is also
unique. Identical twins are fascinating because they
s challenge this notion: they are unique people, of course, The similarities the twins shared not only amazed one
but they're also unnervingly similar to each other - and another, but also amazed researchers at the University of
not only in terms of appearance. They often share 50 Minnesota. The very fact that both twins were given the
opinions, mannerisms and personality traits. same name was a big coincidence. But there's more.
Identical twins are rare, occurring in • As youngsters, each Jim had a dog named 'Toy'.
10 about three out of every 1,000 births.
• Each Jim had been married twice - the first wives
They seem to occur at random,
were both called Linda and the second wives were
regardless of the age or ethnic
ss both called Betty.
background of the mother (unlike
non-identical twins which are, for • One Jim had named his son James Allan and the other
15 example, far more common among Jim had named his son James Alan.
Africans than Asians). Although there • Each twin had driven his light-blue Chevrolet to the
may be tiny differences in physical same beach in Florida for family vacations.
appearances between two identical so • Both Jims had at one time held part-time posts as
twins, which allow family and close sheriffs.
20 friends to tell them apart, they do
• Both were fingernail biters and suffered from migraine
have exactly the same DNA. This is
headaches.
because they develop from a single
egg-which divides in two during the While not as eerily similar as the Jim twins, many more
very early stages of pregnancy. GS inotancoo of [Link] likcno::;ooc o.:in be found among
twins who were raised apart. For example, identical
2s For scientists, the non-physical
twins Tom Patterson and Steve Tazumi had very different
similarities between identical twins are
cpbringings. Raised in a Christian family by two janitors
the most interesting: are they the result
in rural Kansas, Tom still managed to choose tha same
of growing up together in the same
10 career as his brother. Steve, who lives in Philadelphia,
home, or are they the result of their identical DNA? By
was raised in a Buddhist household. Both men own
30 studying identical twins who have not grown up together,
body-building gyms.
researchers can see which similarities remain and which
disappear. In other words, they can learn which aspects l:'s obvious from these twins' stories that genetics are a
of a person's identity are determined by genes and which major factor in shaping who we are. In fact, research so
are influenced by the environment. The Minnesota Twin 75 far indicates that characteristics such as personality are
35 Study is probably the best-known twin study to date. The mainly related to genes. This means that our character
study provides information about how our environment traits as adults are largely determined before we are born
and genes work together to influence everything from - and there is very little that we, or anybody else, can do
attitudes, talents and abilities, to job selection, to falling to change them.
in love, to aging and health.

40 Identical twins Jim Lewis and Jim Springer were only

four weeks old when they were separated; each infant
was taken in by a different adoptive family. At age five,
4 Discuss your reaction to the final sentence in the
Lewis learned that he had a twin, but he said that the text, giving reasons. Op you believe it, and if so,
idea never truly 'soaked in' until he was 38 years old. do you think it is a good or bad thing?
45 Springer learned of his twin at age eight, but both he and
his adoptive parents believed the brother had died.
The two Jims were finally reunited at age 39.

Unitl. ·•
Vocabulary Grammar
Describing personality Talking about the future GR p165
1 In pairs, discuss whether the personality adjectives 1 Choose the best verb form (a-c) to complete
in the box below are sentences 1-7.
a good By the time we get to the nightclub, most
b bad people __ home.
c either good or bad a will go
b are going
argumentative arrogant bossy easy-going c will have gone
eccentric hones~ loyal narrow-minded 2 The train to London __ at 6.13, so let's meet
open-minded sensible sensitive at the station at 6 o'clock.
a is going to leave
2 •:$)Listen to five people describing a friend or b leaves
relative. Choose the best adjective from I to sum c is leaving
up their description. 3 As soon as I save enough money,
Speaker 1 thinks that her uncle is ____ _ __ you a laptop.
Speaker 2 thinks that bis brother is ____ _ a I buy
Speaker 3 thinks that her friend is ___ .._............
. b I'll buy
c I'll have bought
Speaker 4 thinks that his cousin is __ _
4 By the time she leaves music school.
Speaker 5 thinks that her father is ....-.........
_.,_,
........ she ......................
-......
the piano for 12 years.
3 Read the tip box then think of three people you a will study
know well and describe them to a partner. Use b will be studying
adjectives from 1 and give examples of their c will have been studying
behaviour. 5 Louis won't be at school tomorrow
Example My sister, Belinda, is very sensible. For because ...............................
in a swimming tournament.
example, she always goes to bed early if a he's taking part
she has a busy day the next day. b he'll take part
c he takes part
A Youmay be asked to describe somebody's 6 This time next month, we __ around
'1iiii'
character [Link] 2 or SpeakingPart 1.. Thailand.
When we use personalityadjectivesto describe a will travel
somebody,we oftenuse them with mocfilying
adverbs like very,a bit. rather,quite, etc. b are travelling
c will be travelling
7 My sister doesn't feel well, so __ at home
this afternoon.
a she'll have stayed
b she stays
c she's going to stay
2 Complele sentences4wilh the tenses below, and
match them with the sentences in 1. Check your
answers in the Grammar Reference.
future conlinuous future perfect simple
future perfect continuous going to future
present continuous present simple will future
a We use the to talk about things that
we've arranged to do in the future.
b We use the.··---· .. ... to talk aboul things that
we've personally decided to do in the future.
c We use the 10 make offers and
promises and predictions.
Jacqui What story? Aie you telling me what's
d We use the 10 talk about aclions in
going on?
progress in the future.
Martin I explain everything as soon as we'll get
e We use the 10 talk about co111plt:lt1tl
to Tripoli. Trust me.
actions in the future. Jacqui Can't you explain now?
f We use the to talk about future
Martin There's no time. But if you don't do as I say,
events that are part of a schedule or limetable.
then by this time tomorrow, every journalist
g We use the to say how long future in town will knock at your door.
actions will have been in progress.
5 Read these predictions, ignoring the underlining.
3 Work in pai~. Tell your partner about something that Say which ones you believe a re true or false for
a humans can't do now but you think they'll be you. Give reasons.
able to do by 2050. a I don't think I'll eyerappear on television.
b takes place next summer. b I reekonI'll write a novel one day.
d exists today but will have disappeared by the c I don't jmaeioeI'll be earning much money in
year 2050. in y9ur opinion. five years' time.
e you're going to do as soon as you can afford ii. d I guess I'll be living in this town in ten years'
f you're doing next week. time.

4 Read the dialogue below. Underline any verb forms 6 In pairs, talk about your ideas for your future
that you think are unnatural and replace them using the guestions below. Try to use some of the
with better alternatives. underlined phrases Crom5 in your answers.
Martin Hi, is Jacqui there/ a Do you think you'll ever
Lucy Yei, she is. Wail a moment I'm just • experience space travel?
getting her. • work abroad?
Martin Thanks! • have a face-lift?
Jacqui Hi, it's Jacqui here. • become a politician?
Martin This is Martin. Listen carefully, I haven't • own a Ferrari?
got much time. Can you meet me at the
b In five years' a1)d 25 years' time,
poll in one hour? Tbe next boat to Tripoli
what kind of
will leave at 7:35.
• house will you be living in?
Jacqui I can"t!111have dinner with some peoplefrom
work this evening. I'vejust arranged it. • clothes will you be wearing?
Martin But we must leave tonight! By tomorrow, • hobbies will you be doing?
the newspapers a re going to get holcl of • holiday will you be going on?
the story. We won't have been able to • job will you be doing?
move without attracting attention.

Unit 1. •
 Listening
Part 4 Multiplechoice
1 Imagine that scientists could develop an
'immortality pill' that allowed people to live
forever. Discuss these questions.
a Would you take it? Why/Why not?
b Would you want everyone to take it? Why/Why not?
how todoit
Youwlllhaveone minute to lookat the questions.

• Read as muchas youcan in that time.

As you listen forthe first time. mark the options that

•• yop thinl<are correct.

Usethe second listening to check yo\lranswers.

2 •) You will hear an excerpt from a radio programme

about living forever. Read the how to do it box,
then listen and choose the best answers for 1-7.
l According to some scientists, technology that
allows people to live for thousands of years
A already exists.
B will definitely exist within 30 years.
C may exist within 30 years.
2 According 10 the speaker, why are scientists
closer to findjng this technology?
A They are beginning to understand why and
how our bodies age.
6 Some people say that immortality would be
B Medical technology is improving quickly. pointless because
C There are more old people in our societies. A only the very rich would be able to afford it.
3 According to some people, immortality would
B you wouldn't use your time carefully.
have a negative effect because
C you would only remember a part of your life.
A we would soon use up all the earth's natural
7 You might never fall in love if you were
resomces.
immortal because
B everybody would stop caring about the
A the most powerful human feelings come from
environment.
knowing that we will not be here forever.
C the earth would become very overcrowded.
B you would get bored with everybody that
4 What might people have to agree to do, before
you've met.
being allowed to live forever?
C the technology would change the way ia
A suggest ways of dealing with over-population
which your brain experiences emotions.
B not have too many children
C not commit any serious crimes 3 Discuss what age you would choose to be if you
s If you were immonal, you might find it difficult could stay the same age forever. Give reasons.
to get up in the morning because Think about the following.
A you would be exhausted after thousands of • appearance • health
other morrungs. • daily routine • wealth
B you would know there were going to be • independence • wisdom
thousands more mornings.
C the technology that kept you alive might
make you very weak .

.... Unit 1
Speaking
Part 1
1 Read questions a-f below, then match each one 4 Write two questions on each of these topics.
with a pair of words (1-6) that you might hear a future plans
in the answer. b family
a Do you enjoy spending time alone? c daily routine
(Why/Why not?) d where you Jive
b What do you use the Internet for?
c Tell me about a close friend. 5 Read the how to do it box, and in pairs ask and
answer questions from 1 and 4.
d Tell me about the most beautiful place you have
ever visited.
e Do you prefer physical or mental challenges?
A bow todoit
',:) Listen carefullyto the question and try to repeat at
f What's your favourite TV programme and w)1y? • least one of the key words in your reply.
Speakclearlyand lookat the personyouare talkingto.
1 research downloading
e Try to includesome set phrases like the ones in 3.
2 scenery spectacular
3 dramas plot
4 share solitary
•
5 easy-going loyal
6 satisfying achievement

2 •) Listen to six different students answering the

questions in 1. Put questions a-f in the order
that you hear the answers, using the words you
matched them with to help you.
1 --- 4 -·-··-············-"··•······-·
2 ---- 5
3 6

3 Choose the correct word to complete these phrases

from the listening in 2. Then say whether each
phrase shows the end of an answer or a contrast.
a ... from/in my view, anyway.
b That's my opinion/thought, anyway.
c But on another/the other hand ...
d So, at/in short ...
e But at the one/same time, ...
f Although I must admit/advise that ...
g And that's about it/that, really.
h Having said it/that, ...
So all for/in all ...
-

Unitl G ·•
 Use of English 3 Rewrite each sentence a-f keeping the meaning the
same. Use two to five words including the word given.
Part 4 Keywordtransformations a Students at the summer school are expected to
participate in leisure activities.
1 Read the tip box below, then match the underlined part
phrases in sentences a-f with 1-6. Students at the summer school are expected
a The USA did not take part in the 1980 Olympic to ..............
·-..-..-.........
-.._.............
_......................
_ leisure activities.
Games in Moscow. b Stubborn people often find it difficult to
b When preparing for a hike, it's important to apologise for their mistakes.
sorry
take intoaccount what the weather will be like.
c At the age of one, a baby is just staning to Stubborn people often find it difficult
make sense of the world around him. .........
_..........
...... their mistakes.
c Considering that my grandmother is so old, her
d Marianne agreed 10 be home by midnight
because sl:e didn't want to have a row with her memory is amazing.
parents. account
If you ________ ..............
old my
e 1n arroganc co make funof other peop1e·s
achievemeots. grandmother is, her memory is amazing.
f Several factors play a part jn the success or d Contacting a doctor on a Sunday can be difficult.
failure of a film. touch
It can be difficult to _________ _
1 argue 4 laugh at with a doctor on a Sunday.
2 consider 5 join in e When he first moved to London, some of the
3 be a cause of 6 understand children at school used to laugh at his accent.
make
When he first moved to London, sorne of the
"'-' Phrases l:kethose underlinedin 1 usually
W appear in dictionaries under the noun rather children at school used to ....................... ____ _
than the [Link] have to read the entry -------·-·-··--··--·----------·
his accent.
carefullyto [Link], f When she invited us for dinner, we promised
that we wouldn't be late.
worn
2 Using a dictionary, find verbs to replace 1-6
When she invited us for dinner, we ..._..... _....._..... -.......
in the text below.
.___ that we wouldn't be late.

Last weekend, f [Link] ;in 80th birthday

party Cormy grandfather. 1\vo of my brothers
agreed to 'lend a hand with the preparations.
Our siste[ Rach,elwas out of the country
at the time. Mygrandfather has so many
grandchildren now, he [Link] z1oses trac~
Qf their ,names, but J{achel ha$ alw,!ys been
a fayourite. I 11etlier know about the party,
al\d she •got ja touch with our grandfather
on the d,ay to 5saysorryfor not being there.
She 6 gaV\';[Link] she would visit
him as soon as she retumed home .

•• Unitl
 Vocabulary
Using a dictionary
1 Read the two dictionary entries opposite. Find at
belt 0-. /bolt/ noun,"''~ least one example of a-h.
■ noun 1 a long narrow piece of leather, cl0<h,ere. that
you wear around lbe waist: £0 do up/fasten/tighten a a a synonym {a word with the same meaning)
belt o a bel! buck([Link] Q PAGBR15--see also BLACK
BBLT, [Link], SEAT BELT, SVSPE-ND~R 881.T 2 a oon• b an opposite
dnuous band of material [Link] mO\'CSround and is used
to carry things along or to drive machinery~ also c an idiom
CONVEYOR BUT, FAN Btl.T 3 an [Link] pani<.-ular
characteristics or where a particular group of people d a meaning which only exists in British English
Uve: Ute co:uury's con1/industriaJ belt◊ We live in !he
commuter belt. o a btlt of rairt movingaa-ossthe court•
e an American English equivalent
try-see al~o GRBENeeLT 4 (informal}an act of tuning f an informal expression
Sth/sb hard: Shegavetlte ball a ttrrific btlt. o:mJbelow
the 'belt (d a remark) unfair or cruel: nw, wasdisrincdy g a phrasal verb
belowthe belt! 1belt and 'braces (informal)raking more
aaions th..--narc [Link] necessary to make sure that sth h an impolite expression
succeeds o:-works as it should: a belt-and-braces polic:y
have sth andet your 'belt (in/ormoQco have already
achieveder obcainedsch: She alrea(O'ha.~a coupleof 2 Match the underlined words in a-{ with the
goodwins tinderher belL-morc at TJGHTBN
■ Ytrb 1 [VN)(in/om1of},o hit sb/[Link]: Hebeltedthe baU relevant part of the dictionary entries. Give the
right out of the park. o I'll [Link] if you do chac41a.i'n. [Link] of speech and number.
2 [v + od\/./t>rtP.1 (informol,e,pecioflyBrE)to move ,;ery
fast !i.1:£1
TEA.R.:A truck came btld.,igup btltind us. 3 (VN] a NASAis planning to send a probe to explore the
to fasten a belt around sth; ThedressWCI$ beltedat che
waist. liClil!l,belt sth--•'out (info,mnr,to sing a song or asteroid belt.
play music:loudly ,btlt 'up {8t.e}1 (NAmE,buckle •up)
(informol)to fasten your suT [Link](~ a belt worn by a b When Julie arrived home, she looked pale and
passenger il a vehicle) 2 (informoij used ro tell sb rude-ly worried.
tobe quiet Ei'2'i!JSHUTup:JustbeJrup, willyQuJ
c The~ winter sun provided little warmth.
d A police car came belting round the corner with
its siren on.
e I don't think giving the TV a l2elJ. is going to
pale 0-. /pell/odj., verb,no•n make it work!
• odj. (paler. pal•est) ;t (of a ~rson, their face,etc.) having
skin lhacIs almost White; having skin that is whiter than ( Unusually, she has dark skin and !2ilkblue eyes.
usual beca1Jseof iJlness, a Strong emotion, etc.: a pale
compltxfono pale wtCIIJe,or o to go/tum palt o Youlook
palt. Ate .)'('tl OK?◊ 11leordeal left lter looking pale and
drawn. 2 light ln colour: containing a lot of white: pale
3 Rewrite sentences a-f replacing the underlined
bluee~ ◊ a palershadeofgrt(.11 o o pale sly mim OARK, words with one of the dictionary entries opposite.
DtKP 3 {oflight) norsuong or bright: checoldPQlelight of
dawn-see also [Link], PALLOR ► pately /'petlll/ odv.: Example.· When his car wouldn't start, he Jli1it.
Mark [Link]!palely(= with a palerace)or his plau. pale-
ness noun (U]
■ verb (VJ~ iat sth) to become paler than usual: She(• her
When his car wouldn't start, he gave it
race)paltd ·1lsfbzyac rl1esighcofthepolicecar.◊ Theblueof a belt.
tlte sky paltd coa light grey. ffiliU •pale beside/next to
sth J 'palein/bycomparison(with/tosth) ( "pale into
[Link] to seem less imponam when oompared a Drivers and passengers should fasten their
with sth tl.!:e:Lastytar's rlOC$
paleln comparisonwlc11chi.s seatbelts even for short journeys.
[Link] of vtolcnct.
■ ,ioun ll!ml bc,yond the 'pale considered by most people b Just shut up! 1 can't hear myself think!
to be unaa::cptable or unreasonable: His remarl<swere
[Link] pale. c His salary js nothingin comparison with the
amount of money his wife earns.
d Some of the comedian's jokes were completely
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 71l1edition unacceptable.
P ThP van was !Paring ~long lhP motorw~y
at 140 kph.
f As the last song of the concert, the band [Link]
performed [Link].

Unit1 G) ·•
Writing
Part 2 An informalletter Anyway, tl\tli''!S eno119h
abovt me. What iiri yovr
plan'5 tor the ,wmmer?Pleii,5e,-wo~-eanJ ,eu me.
1 Read the end of Chloe's letter opposite and Megan's
reply below it. Underline eight words which are BeM- wi$hM
too formal and think of less formal alternatives.
Choe
2 Read Megan's letter again and say which of these
activities she is planning to do during the summer
holidays.
a buy some new clothes e bang out with friends
b do nothing for a week f learn to surf
C do some schoolwork g look for a job [Link] C/[Link].
d go abroad h lake exams
3 Divide the main part of Megan's letter into these
I finish ~ e.,,a.-o-f-31.,v- "'-""'-"";,,.._th·,.s o,, 11th
-
'
Jt.1.-,e,, and then 1',.,..,on ho1icta.~-for e~ht wee.1<.s!
four paragraphs.
I can't wait! 1'11real':} need a :)000. rest,
a lhe immediate future
there-fore I',.,..,:JOi"3 to spend the. -first wee.I<.
b a trip abroad
cloi"3 absoh<.te.':J nothr"3! Later in the ->[Link]¥,
c getting a job
I'll be visiti"3 "'!::luncle., who resicle.,5 in !ta':},
d quest ions for Chtoe
-for a c..o,,,,ple...
o-f we...el<.s.I have.,-,'t :iot ou.-f-ficie,-,t
4 Find a formal word in each of the sentences below "'°r>e:! -tor the plane tt'Ck.._et,but lt1.c/d!j ""'!i w:,cle
and replace it with a less formal word. has o-f-ferect to pu.n:...
ha= it;·,for• ,.,..,e,I-le.~ so
a All I have 10 do is assist with the housework :ienerQu..s! He'll be. wor1<.i"3 wh/Je. I~ there., .so
while I'm there. I 'II have /iis ho"-se ([Link] .swi,,i,.,..,i"3pool} to "'!:;l-se.,/f!
b I've even informed my friends that I don't want As soon_ a:s I :iet bacl<. -from Ita/!;j, ;',.,..,3::,i":3 to
lO go OU! that week! IOOK.-for e"'['IO!;[Link]. 11!:J
brother will have. {e-ft
c Youknow. the one who resembles Penelope Cruz. hi-5job at the le...i=re. [Link].e ~o '-"~[Link].e. his
d I need to earn some funds before the next [Link]:! cl~re.e, ,so hbpe-ft1.II_!;!
the':J'II be..1001:,;"3_
school year begins. -for SOmebocl:J to replace. hi,,-,/ Please...write and
tell me what :JO«r plans a,-e...-for the..[Link].
5 Match sentences a-d from <Iwith each of the four
paragraphs in Megan's [Link].
Are. !:/°"- 3oin3 to vi,5it that Spa.n7.5h
jirl pu
[Link] a.t Easte.r?

Lot,5 o.f love,

6 Make a list of activities, real or imaginary, that
you plan to do this summer. Try to think of three
for each of these topics.
a travel
b sports and hobbies
c work and study
d time with friends

7 Make a paragraph plan. Choose the most interesting

of your ideas for each topic in 6. Then add notes to
give more details of times, places, people, etc.
8 Imagine you received a letter from an English-
speaking friend, ending like Chloe's in 1. Read the
how to do it box, then write your own answer,
using yom plan from 7.
how todoit
Readthe task carefullyand underlinethe key words.
Brainstormideasand selectthe best ones.
Organiseyourideasand makea paragraphplan.
Link senooncesand paragraphswhereappropriate.
 Review
1 Complete sentences a-f with the most appropriate 4 Complete the text with the missing verbs.
adjective from 1-6.
1 bossy 4 argumentative

O
UR RELA110NSHIPS with
2 loyal 5 sensitive
our frlends..i.............
,.....
..
3 sensible 6 easy-going
an important part
a Be careful what you say to Harry - he's quite In our lives, and help us to
----· and gets upset very easily. 2 ... ....., ..... sense of the world.
b You're always telling me what to do. I wish you Megan has been a close
weren't so._.....
-....................
_. ! friendof mine since primary
c Hannah is a very ......... ___ friend - I know I
school, and we're always
can always rely on her to be there for me.
together. In fact, some of
d Kelly is so ____ that she never really gets
angry or upset about anything. our classmates 3 ..............
e Judy is very ____ - she'll ask somebody fun of us, saying that
the time and then disagree with them. we're like Identical twins.
f Think carefully before you make a decision. I Occaslonally,we 4.., .. ....... .
know that you will, you're very ___ _ a row, but we never really
fall out. The Importantthing
2 Correct any mistakes with the underlined verb is being able to s ........... ~..
forms in five of these sentences. sorry,lf you know you
a Let's meet at the theatre tonight. The play ~ are In the wrong.
starling at 7.30.
b I'll probably be exhausted by the time I reach
Edinburghbecause l')1hayebeen driving all morning.
c I can't go shopping with you tomorrow morning 5 Rewrite each sentence a-d keeping the meaning
- I'll have my hair cut. the same. Use two to five words including the
word given.
d By the time the next World Cup comes around,
some of our most talented footballers a Before we made a fina I decision, we considered
won't have played any longer. everybody's opinion.
e I'll bestanding here until you account
apologise for what you just said. We _________ before making a final
f Will you hayebeen leaving by the time we get to decision.
the hotel? b Will you promise me that you won't tell anybody?
word
3 Complete the sentences with the present or future Will you ___ _ ___ that you won't
simple of the verb in brackets. tell anybody?
a As soon as we .................... -......
_....(arrive), we'll Jet you c I contacted an old school friend after seeing his
know. details on a website.
b It's impossible to be sure, but I don't think she touch
.................
_._.._.. (lose) her job. Having seen an old school friend's details on
c I.- .....-........._.......(IJt,) amazt,d if Real Madrid dou't a web~il,:,, I .....................................
_.................
-........him.
win tonight's match. d Only people who have participated in a triathlon
d The doctors are keeping me in hospital until can fully understand the excitement.
they·---- (know) what the problem is. part
e The more money you spend now, the less you The only way to understand fully the excitement
___ .......
(have) for your holiday next week. of a triathlon is ............................
_._____ one.
f Do you think your brother ___ ... (help) us
with our homework, if we ask him nicely?

•• Unit 1
Lead in
1 •) Listen to five people talking about where they live.
For each one say if they
• live in a city.
• live in the countryside.
• are happy with where 1hey live.

2 •) Choose the correct word to complete each

sentence a-g froni the listening in l. Then listen
again and check.
a The sight/viewfrom my bedroom window is
fantas1ic.
b I'm right/veryin the middle of everything.
c The scene/sceneryaround here is amazing.
d I feel so insulated/isolatedhere.
e There are no features/facilitiesnearby.
f There's no sense of community/society.
g I love the peace and quiet/quietness.

3 Describe the photos and say how life would be

different in each place. Use these adjectives to
help you.
busy cosmopolitan crowded isolated
noisy peaceful rural urban

4 In pairs, take it in turns to describe where

you live and what you like or dislike about it.
Include words and phrases from 2 and 3
if possible.

Unit2 f1) ·•
 Reading
Part 3 Multiple matching
1 Look at the photos. Using a dictionary if necessary.
say which of the four animals shown
a walk on all fours. d is a herbivore.
b lives in a herd. e has hands with palms.
c eats roots and nuts. r might help a shepherd.
2 You are going 10 read about four children who were
raised by animals. Read the text quickly to find out
a where each child was found.
b how old each child was when they were found.
bOWtf'do.
Read the wholetext once. If there are no section

• headings,i~mayhelpto add your own.

Read the qi:est![Link] that you can
- .....,
• il)lmedlafelyand underlinethe relevantparts of the
te)(t. Youde not need to read these again.
Read each eectionof the text carefully,lookingfor
answers to all the remainingquestions.

3 Read the bow to do it box. Then read the text

again carefully, and for questions 1-15, choose
from the children A-D. The children may be
cbosen more than once.
Which child
I could run and jump very fast?
2 looked younger when captured than he really
was?
3 claims a group of wild animals gave him food?
4 hardly ever stood upright?
5 eventually returned to live in his family home? 4 find phrasal verbs a-fin the text and use the
6 had unusual feet? context to match them with their meanings (l-6).
7 was not familiar with some common kinds a bring up (1. 1) J find
of food? b come across (1. 6) 2 remove
8 has been seen by many different experts? C come up to (1. 12) 3 take care of
9 did not go back to live with humans? d take away (1. 38) 4 raise (a child)
10 was very violent towards the people who e keep up (I. 46) s approach
captured him? f look after (I. 62) 6 go at the same speed
II learned from animals how to look for things
10 eat? 5 Use the ideas below to discuss what feral cl1ildren
12 was taken by a wild animal when very young? might find difficult about rejoining society.
13 only seemed to eat plants? • eating and drinking
14 reacted like a wild animal to sudden sounds? • games and playing
IS copied the social rules and body language of • family and friends
the animals he lived with? • school and education

•• Unit2
 BO~
TOBE
L
For centuries, people have told stories about children who were brought up by animals
and became like animals themselves: so-called 'feral children'. Tarzanof the Apes and
The Jungle Boo/<are two famous fictional accounts. There are many other accounts which
claim to be true, although it is sometimes difficult to separate fact from fantasy and folklore. JfY
O~day in 1991, a Ugandan villager called Milly Sebba s ~ard-boy was reported by EC Stuart Baker in the 40
""wei.1t
further than usual in search offirewood, and came ~\;,~-~'i
of the Bombay Natural History Society (July 1920).
_ a'gc a little boy with a group of monkeys. She summoned \. Xc~aingtohis report, the boy was stolen from his parents
help and the boy ,vas captured and brought back to Milly's '°sy a leopardess in rhe Norrh Cachar Hills in India in about
village. A villager identified the boy as John Sesebutlya, last 19\2, and three years later he was recovered and identified.
seen in 1988 at the age of two or three. Later, John daimed 10 At that time,"the child, who was now five. could run on
that he had got lost in the forest, and that he remembered all fours so fast that an adult man could barely keep up.
moJJkeys coming up to him after a few days and offering His knees bad hard skin on tllemand his toes vr..re bent
him roots and nuts. The pack of five monkeys caught him, upright, almost at right angles ro his feet. The palms of his
he says, ro search for food and to dinlb trees. John has been hands and pads of his roes and thumbs were also covered
studied by a host of scientists, who are convinced that he is 15 with very tough skin. When he was first caught. he bit 50
a genuine feral child. When left with a group of monkeys and fought With everyone. lfhe came across a chicken in
he avoids eye contact and approaches them from the side the village, he caught it, tore it into pieces and ate it wiili
with open palms, just as monkeys do. astonishing speed, just like a wild anim:al.
~'l-c1aude Auger, an anthropologist from the Basque et3Dchild was caught in che Brasov region of
~~~[Link], was rrawlling alone across the Spanish Sahara 20 m'slli~ania, Romania, in F~bruary 2002. Early one
~!l60 when he met some Nemadi nomads. They told [Link] [Link] loan cam~ upon a naked,
rum about a young boy who lived with a herd of gazeUes. eyed c~ild living in a cardbo11tdbox and covered
After searching fo1-several days, Auger managed to with a plastfc sheet. Manolescu reported hi.s [Link] the
<:'lP find the herd and the boy. The boy was ,bout 10 police. who later captured the boy. It was believed he had
~ years old and walked on all fours, only standing 25 lived alone in the forest for years, but doctors thought 60
occasionally. Whenever there was an unexpected that he must have had some protection; perhaps he had
noise, he twirched his no-seand ears, just like. the been looked after by some of the many wild dogs in the
rest ofthe herd. One senior female seemed region. fie was the size of a normal four-year-old, but
to act as his adoptive mother. He would his missing front milk teeth suggested an actual age of
ea~roots with his teeth and appeared 30 seven. He ate whatever he wa,sgiven, but didn'trecognise 65
to be herbivorous. When Auger fruit. About a week after his capture, he was identified as
~based the boy in ajeep to see how Traian Ca,Jdara1~lost three years
fast he could run, he reached a speed earlier ar the age of four. After
of 50 kilometres per holll', w'irb leaps being re-educated at an O"J)hanage
of abou,t four metres. Unlike mos• of 3S in Bras@v, he was ri>[Link]·itf"dw'ith 70
~ tile feral children of whom there are his mother, who lived in a rem,ore
records, the gazelle boy was never village a few kilometres from
1 taken away from his wild
companions.
••·a where he had [Link].

~,,. ~1$~i

'f:1s! :J
i,i.'
.b . ;,,,_~~
~~~~ Urnt2 e) ••
~-,-...,.
~•--'•1: ~.
~--"t.,,,
•"- ·~
-<'
"="'~')
~~~-~~....,~
.......
Vocabulary
Describing natural landscapes
1 Look at the photos. Say whether there are
landscapes like these in your country and where,
and in which other countries you might find them.

2 Identify one word which doesn't belong in each

group a-e. Then explain the difference between
the three words in the same group. Use a
dictionary if necessary.
a dune mountain hill valley
b lagoon desert lake pond
C field forest wood jungle
d beach shore coast plain
e bush hedge waterfall tree

3 Match as many of the nouns in 2 as possible with

the photos.
4 Imagine that you want to do the activities below
with a friend from England. Say where in your
country would be particularly good to do each one
and why.
• mountain biking • walking
• kayaking • wind-surfing
• climbing
Grammar
Many people~~@ through wild and deserted
1 Read the first paragraph of the article opposite, landscapes, but few x o end up in a genuine
which is about survival in the wilderness. survival situation. The unexpected occasionally happens,
Underline all the examples of infinitives (with however,so you should be prepared. Imagine finding
and without to) and -ing forms, and circle the yourself In the middle of a wilderness with a broken-
verbs which come immediately before them. down Jeep and hardly any food and water. What should
your priorities be? Should you stay with your vehicle and
2 Put the verbs Lhal you circled in 1 into Group A hopeto be rescued? Or should you search for civilisation
or B. depending on the verb pattern. and risk getting even more lost? Should you spend time
• Group A verb + -ing form enjoy searching for water or food first? Or should youpostpone
• Group B verb + infinitive expect worrying about food and water until you have managed
to find or build a shelter? If you are not sure, keep
3 Complete gaps l-12 in the article with the roodlng - this article could save your life!
infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
4 For each of 1-4, decide which sentence, a orb,
makes most sense in the gap. Co not put off 1 (make) a shelter - it should
l ,,_..,...,_, I'm sure he's very imeresting. be your first priority. Try 2_ (enlarge) an existing,
a I wish my neighbour would stop talking. natural shelter, such as a hole in the ground below a
b I wish my neighbour would stop to talk. fallen tree. If you happen 3 (be) near a rocky
2 He 1herefore bad no way of getting in coast, build a shelter and cover it with wood from the
touch with her. beach. If you are on the move, stop 4 (build) your
shelter while it is still light.
a He didn'1 remember to write down the
woman's phone number.
b He didn'I remember writing down the
woman·s phqne number.
If you fail s (find) water, you will only su'Vive for
3 However, the room still felt too ho1. about three days (whereas you can survive for Wt,t,k:;
a He tried to open the window. \\ithout food). If there is no rain, try 6_ .. . (walk)
b He tried opening the window. through vegetation early in the morning to collect
4 William Faulkner began his career by writing moisture in clQthing. Avoid 7 (drink) water that
short stories. looks or smelis bad.
a He went on to write novels.
b He went on writing novels.

!> Complete these sentences in two different ways, Fre has many uses. It makes food more appetising. If you
once wilh an infinitive and once with an -trig can't face s (eat) raw worms, boil them in water to
form. Try 10 use a different verb each time. make a nourishing soup! Fire protects against dangerous
animals, since many will not dare 9 (approach) it.
a When I leave school, I 'II go on ...
And you can also use it for signalling to rescuers - before
b I wish people would stop ... they give up 10 (look) for you!
C I think I shou Id try "'
d I'll alway3 remember ...

It is quite easy to get food in the wild, if you know where

to took. Manysurvival books suggest 1t (eat)
a small amount of unknown plants to test if they are
pJisonous. However,we do not recommend 1 2 (do}
this. since some plants are so poisonous that even a very
small amount can cause serious health problems.

Un 2 ··•
 Listening
Part 2 Sentencecompletion
1 Read the paragraph below and explain in your own words what 'Wilderness Therapy' is.

Wilderness
Therap1co....
·•
gm, e
EOCUFFASCE!ff is located in a remote area of

R desert and red rock in tne state of Utah. It offers

'[Link] therapy' to t~·oubledteenagers, 'helping
them and the,r families fmd a new beginning. Life there
self-discipline
t
is not easy- it certainly isn't a holiday. During their stay,
the students live a nomadic lifestyle, wal!{ingfive to'
1l)kilometres each day from camp to camp. They ha "'.e""'.\
to build their own shelters for sleeping in, cook their owo,
..,,.~ V
1/.-:~

food and wash their own clothes: in short, to take full work ethic
trust
responsibility for their survival. They also leam how to
work together i).1a group to solve problems. In the evenings,
they sit round the fire and talk about their experieµces.
Education is an imi;,onant part ofRedCliff Ascent, and
jt focuses on seven key values: courage, self-discipline,
respect, honesty, work ethic, trust and compassion.
compassion
2 ., Listen once to the stories of two teenagers Rachael and Ed, to find out who had the more positive
experience at RedCliff Ascent.

3 •) Listen again and complete sentences l-10.

1 Maoy of the teenagers who go to RedCliff Ascent have broken the .......... ----
2 The parents of many of the teenagers bad no idea how to __ _ _ __ their children.
3 At school, Rachael had been keen on long-distance-·············----
4 After returning from RedCliff, Rachael decided that she wanted to work with ____ _
5 Rachael continues to have a good relationship with her----·······"· ..·••····
6 Rachael's mother thinks that now Rachael looks really·-···----
7 Ed caused so many problems for his family that he had 10 find another······--·-·---
8 Ed's mother, Jane, says that Ed always wants more ..................................
.
9 Two weeks after the camp finished, Ed once again started·········----
10 Ed's mother is hopeful that his second stay at RedCliff will be··-·---· ....······-·········

4 Discuss why you think Wilderness Therapy is successful for many out-of-control teenagers .

•• Unit2
Speaking
Part 2
1 Look at the photos. Say whether sentences a-f describe photo 1,
photo 2 or both.
a The people [Link] to be exploring a remote landscape.
b The weather is bright and sunny.
c There is a lot of dense vegetation.
d They're higher than some of the clouds.
e The ground is hard and rocky.
f There are snow-capped mountains in the distance.

2 Describe what the people are doing and wearing by making

a sentence about photo 1 or photo 2 using a-g.
a jungle f side by side
b mountain range g long-sleeved jackets
c mountain bikes h short-sleeved T-shirts
d on foot spectacular scenery
e in single file dense vegetation
3 •l Listen to five people talking
about the photos. Say which
photo each speaker is talking about and note down the words
that give you the answers.
4 •) Listen again and complete these phrases.
a I think the people could be feeling quite ................ . A
b Personally, I would be ......... - ........in their situation. V
c I ................
that they •inight be feeling quite tired.
d I love that ...................
of achtevement you get from [Link]
really high.
e It looks as ..................
they're quite bored.
f I hate the ...................
of not being able to see very far ahead.
g They .................
be feeling really excited.
h They're ................
feeling a bit hot and sweaty.

5 Compare the photos and say

a which holiday activity is more challenging, and why.
b why you think the people chose each particular type of holiday.
c which holiday you would enjoy more, and why.
 Use of English
Part 2 Open cloze
1 Phrases a and b can complete sentences 1-6 3 Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, to find out
below, with similar meanings. Choose the why some people think Cute Knut should not have
correct preposition for each phrase, using been allowed to live.
a dictionary if necessary.
I Many teenagersare···-···-····
Internet chat rooms.
a addicted on/to b hooked on/to
veryoneloves Knut. The three-month-old polar bear,
2 People who smoke are ..............
serious health problems.
developing
E born in (0) .one of Berlin's zoos, has become a star in
the German capital and has won fans (1) -----·-··____
over
a at/in danger of b at/in risk of the world. It's impossible not to adore the little guy,
3 The streets in the town centre are ..........
. right? Well, not quite. Animal rights activists aren't
litter. so in love (2) ........
- .... the polar bear baby. They are
concerned that Knut, who is being raised by human
a full of/with b covered of/with
hand after his mother rejected him, is
4 Nobody knew ___ .........
his strange _..___danger of losing touch with
(3) ..........
behaviour at the restaurant. his natural identity. Some people
a the reason of/for b the cause of/for (4) _ like to see him dead.
5 The head teacher wanted to introduce 'Raising a wild animal (5) __
school uniforms, but most of the teachers hand is against animal welfare
were not laws,' animal rights activist
a in/of agreement b in/of the same • Frank Albrecht told the press.
opinion 'The zoo needs to kill the bear
cub,' he added. Unsurprisingly,
6 To be truly a great anist you cannot be·----··--- this view has not been popular
failure. (6) .. __ ....the general public.
a frightened with/of b worried about/of But WolframGraf-Rudolf,directerof
the Aachen Zoo, is (7) __ the same
late to put
opinion, although he feels it is now (8) ···---·---------
A, Prepositionsare o!ten difficUlt to use correctly Knut out of his supposed misery. 'The mistaKe has been
'iljP becausethereare few [Link] to leai:.nt)).em made. They should (9) -----------···
.. had the courage to kill him
as part of longerphrases, much earlier.'

The zoo reports that little Knut is becoming a bit of a

2 Choose the correct prepositions to complete a-i. handful as (10) __ gets bigger - suggesting that
the bear is maybe not as human (11) ...................
some
a My girlfriend arrived at/to the cinema ten people fear. 'His keeper is covered (12) .........
_.,_..._ bruises,
minutes late. which shows that Knut has discovered he is a bear,'
b Whether progress is always a good thing said the zoo's management.
depends of/on your point of view.
c People usually dress in/with colourful 4 Read the how to do it box. Then read the text again
clothes at carnivals. carefully and complete gaps 1-12 with one word each.
d The protests have had no effect on/to the
government. how to doh
e Madonna is married to/with~ film <lirector. ~ead the title and the text quickly for the general

••
:[Link]'t fill in any gaps yet.
f This shirt was made with/by hand.
Readthe tex, again, slowly,and try to fill in tbe missing
g The film 300 is based in/on a true story.
h Australians are very good at/in many sports.
Some websites are popular all across/over
• •
words. Look at the words around the gap and try to work
,,ut what part of speechthe missing word is .
Readtl;tecompleted text to check your spelling and
the world. ~verallsense.

5 Discuss whether zoos are a good or bad thing,

giving examples .

•• Unit2
Vocabulary 3 Complete these sentences with collective
nouns from 1 and 2.
a Apparently a fight broke out last night
Collective DOUDS between two-----· of foo;ball
fans.
1 Put these nouns into groups a-d according to their b As we ate our lunch in the park, a ........... .
collective nouns. of pigeons circled round and landed
bananas birds cards dogs cows next to us.
c We had to stop the car when we
elepbant$ flowers sheep
came across a farmer driving a
a a flock of ..................................
of cows down the lane.
b a herd of d Hospital... ............
_.........
have threatened
c a pack of to go on strike tlnless they receive a
d a bunch of pay rise.
e The ....____ of the show includes
2 Match nouns a-h with the groups of people they describe (1-8). some big Hollywood stars.
a audience I people acting in a play or film f I always send my girlfriend a ......................... .
b cast 2. people who play sport together, or work of roses on Valentine's Day.
together g A ........____ gathered outside the
C crew 3 people working in an organisation cinema, hoping to see the stars at the
d crowd 4 people watching a film, concert, play, etc. film premiere.
e gang 5 a group of experts h The ___ sat spellbound
f panel 6 a large group of people throughout the entire concert.
g staff 7 people working on a ship or a plane
h team 8 a group of people who may cause trouble

Unit2 G) ·•
 Writing
Part 1 A formal email

606
Read the email below to find out what two questions Jennifer has about
the archaeological expedition.

New Message
•
~ n €"0:}~ C,HJ ~) ~
send Chat Atl.\ch Address fOflts ColOr$ S.:.vc
As Draft

To: INFO@HUARODIG

From: JENNIFER MASON

I=•I Subject: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO HUARO VALLEY

I recently saw your advertisement requesting volunteers for the forthcoming

archaeological dig in Peru, and I should very much like to take part in the expedition.

Although I hold no formal qualifications in archaeology, I have been on a number of

archaeological digs and have acquired a good knowledge of the processes involved.
I consider myself to be a good team player and am also enthusiastic and adventurous.

I have two queries about the expedition. Firstly, it wasn't clear exactly how long volunteers
were expected to stay in Peru. Secondly, could you give me a clearer impression of the
level of physical challenge the holiday would involve? Although I am physically fit, I would
not consider myself particularly athletic. Would I be able to cope with this expedition?

I would be grateful if you could address these queries before the weekend, as I am keen
to finalise my holiday plans soon.

Thank you.

Jennifer Mason

2 Find these words in the email, which are all quite 3 Match the beginnings {a-e) and endings (1-5) of
formal, and explain their meaning. these requests for information, and explain the
a requesting e impression meaning of the underlined words.
b forthcoming f challenge a I am writing 10 request
c hold g address b I would be mQfil grateful if
d acquired c A promptreply 10 this email
d I look forward to
e Furtherto our recent telephone conversalion,
A Email$can betonpalor intorm~ctepen<1111g on
W' who is writing to who. l,!selanguage appropriate 1 hearing from you.
to thll,_
conteKtand do not inlx registers. 2 you could respond to these queries swiftlv.
3 could you clarify how much money you require
as a deposit?
4 further information about the trip featured on
your website.
5 would be appreciated .

•• Unit2
4 lmagine you have seen this advertisement on a website. Read it along with your notes.
Then write an email of 120-150 words volunteering to take part and requesting information.

6'"'0 --,
• ► e + f) [Link]

We are looking for volunteers to join a conservation

expedition to a remote region of Costa Rica. [Link] be
researching wildlife In the rainforest and in the waters
close to the coast.

Members will camp out in groups tar away from towns and
villages. There Is no road access - all journeys are made
by kayak and sea canoe. Everyexpedition member should
Yes. &,ve cleta.,/s.
therefore be physically fit and a strong swimmer.
~wledge of Spanish is desirable forth-is______ _
&s,c Spa.,.,,sl-.. expedition as this would allow you to Interact with the
&,ve d-efads. local community more easily. No previous experience of
conservation is required as full trainine will be given on
the two-week introductory course.

~apply or send a query click on rhe link below.

\/[Link]? lnfo@conservationexpeditions

Unit2 G, ••
Review
1 For a-e form words from the letters in brackets to 4 Complete gaps 1-5 in the text with the correct
complete the sentences. prepositions.
a The ___ ..........
(lawratfel) plunged 100 metres
into the ... ..... (lavyel) below.
b To reach the lost city, the explorers had to swim
across a wide ...........................
- .........
(noolag) and cut through
thick ...
c Although the .....
there are few _____
____
... (lenjug).
(toasc) is very beautiful,
(scebaeh) where you can
I t's easy to become hooked 1 ...................
the feeling you get when you're up a
mountain. While your everyday life might
- .....

swim safely.
be full 2............ -........ problems - you may be
d Golden ··----- (nesud) streched for miles
worried 3,. ................ your bank balance, or
across the ..................................
(steder).
4___ .... risk of losi11gyour job - the
e There's a small ..._..................................
(nodp) in our garden,
surrounded by _____ (seshub). experience ot standing on a mountam-top
has a strange effect s..._,,_
................most people.
2 Complete sentences a-h with the infinitive or -ing form They immediately forget their troubles and
of these words, as appropriate.

-arrive eat go relax smoke -

see _study walk
begin to feel on top o( the world!

a My grandfather found it very difficult to give

up ........
·-·-·.. after forty years.
b Most people enjoy ...................
at home at the weekend.
c After he finishes school, my brother hopes ..................
.
History at university.
d She put off .............
-.. the dentist, even though she had
toothache.
e I'd suggest ...................
to Portugal in the spring, before it
gets too hot.
f l can't [ace ..................
any breakfast before 8 o'clock in
the morning.
g He called the police, but they failed ..............before the
burglar had escaped.
h You should avoid ..................
through Central Park alone
at night.

3 Choose the correct form of the verb to complete each of

these sentences.
a He left school at the age o[ 18 and went on to do/
doing a degree at Cambridge.
b They started playing tennis after lunch and went on
to play/playing until it was nearly dark.
c Nobody answered the door when he knocked, so he
tried lO tap/tapping on the window.
d She tried to move/moving the bed but couldn't,
because it was too heavy.
e He walked halfway down the street and then stopped
to tie/tying his shoes.
f Would you please stop to talk/talking and listen!

G Unit2
-w
Lead in
1 In pairs, discuss whether each of a-f is likely to make you
laugh out loud, smile, or not even smile. Give reasons.
a a Mr Bean film
b a comedy canoon, such as The Simpsons
c a TV show of viewers' camcorder clips
d a sitcom, such as Friends
e a funny story told by a classmote
f a joke told by a parent, uncle or aunt

2 In pairs, talk about the following.

Give reasons, then see if you can agree
on one for each idea.
a a TV comedy that you like
b a comedy actor that you find funny
c a favourite joke
d a classmate with a good sense of
humour
e a TV or film comedy that you don't
find at all funny
3 Discuss what other kJnds of things
make you laugh out loud or smile.
4 Discuss whether a-e affect
what people find funny.
Where possible give examples.
a how old they are
b whether they're male or female
c where they come from
d what their family members
find humorous
e whether they are extrovert
or introvert

Unit3 E&·•
 Reading
Part 2 Gapped text
1 What's your favourite joke? Tell each other in groups and see i( you can agree on the funniest.
2 Read the text below quickly, ignoring the gaps, to find out how the picture relates to it.

Here's
one
that
Jouhaven't
bear~ I I I

involved travel abroad, a website,

T
HE SEARCH The study reached a climax yesterday when a
40,000 printable Jokes, more than two million PhD student, dressed as a giant chicken, unveiled the
ratings from 70 countries, a year's exhaustive world's funniest Joke before the cameras in Covent
breakdown of humour by age, sex and nationality, Garden, London. The winningjoke was the product of
s and a brain scan of someone listening to Jokes. 25 international selection including ratings by website
visit::>rs.(3) ...... This joke, according to Dr Wiseman,
Laughlab, an experiment set up more than a appealed to all. It also contained the three elements
year ago, established that the British, Irish, New that were found central to humour: a sense of
Zealanders and Australians prefer a play on words superiority, an unexpected response, and a sad
and that the French, Danes and Belgians have 30 feeling of mortality. The joke was this:
, a taste for the surreal. (1) ...... The Germans
apparently have the broadest sense of humour - if
only because they have no national preference, and A couple of New Jerseyhunters are out in the woods
therefore find almost anything funny. when one of them falls to the ground. He doesn't seem
to be breathing, his eyesare rolled back in his head.
'It has been a fascinating year; said Richard Theother guy whips out his mobile phone and coifs
, Wiseman, a psychologistat the Universityof 35 the [Link] gaspsto the operator:
Hertfordshire, and founder of Laughlab: 'But if I hear 'My friend is dead! What can I do?' Theoperator,in a
one more Joke I'm going to punch someone. It has calm, soothing voicesays: 'Justtake it easy.I can help.
been like being trapped in the back of a taxi with a First,let's make surehe's dead.' Thereis a silence,then
driver who constantly says, 'Here's one that you have o shot is heard. Theguy's voicecomesback on the
, never heard. (2) ..... : 40 line. He says: 'OK, now what?'

t G Unit3
 took for grammatand-vocabulary links before
3 Read the text again carefully and the
tip box. Then complete gaps 1-7 with
anctatter eacngap ana 1n A-H.
sentences A-H, using the underlined words
•
to help you. There is one extra sentence.
A According to the data, jokes c·Jntaining

• lQl are the funniest.

B There was also a reaction in an area
linked to memory, showing recognition
of an old joke.
C The Laughlab computers also recorded
the dateandtime that each person from
R GosALL had liked the Joke for years. He said:

D 'It makes people feel better ... reminds you that

there's always someone out there doing
something more stupid than you.' It was one of a
the UK rated the jokes in LaughLab.
D But only the best jokes from each
country were included in the survey.
E Quite frankly, I've had enough.
45 series of jokes read to a volunteer who was being
given a brain scan. With each joke, a specific area F It was posted by Gurpal Gosall, a 31-
at the front of the volunteer's brain lit up. (4) ...... 'It year-old psychiatrist from Manchester.
fits in with other research, because if people have G Perhaps it's because of thejr beaks,or
damage to that part of the brain, then they lose their webbed feet. or odd shape.
so sense of humour,' Dr Wiseman said. H Americans and Canadians. on the other
hand, chuckle at jokes showing one
There were other discoveries. In a study of British group's superiority over another.
regional variation, the Welsh were the keenest on
jokes in general, and the Scots were the least keen. 4 Explain how the underlined words in A-H
One joke - 'What's brown and sticky? A stick' - was helped you to match the sentenceswith
ss submitted 300 times, and nobody ever found it funny. the gaps. Which other words helped you
Dr Wiseman also read out Laughlab's candidate for do the task?
worst joke:
..The LaughLab computers 5 Find the nationality words in the text to
'Knockknock.' counted the number of words complete 1-8.
'Who's there?' 65 in every joke that people Country Nationality Nationality
60 'Boo.' submitted. (5) ...... Interestingly, Australia Australian I ,~......
,_..,,_.,, ............
"'''

'Boo who?' the winning 'hunters' joke is 102 Belgium Belgian 2.......................
,....
_.,, ........
'Don't cry.' words long - almost the perfect Denmark Danish 3.......................................
length for a joke! France French 4..............
·-...................
Ireland Irish s
10 Many of the jokes submitted contained references to New Zealand New Zealand 6
animals. The researchers found that jokes mentioning
ducks were seen as funnier than other jokes. (6) ......
Scotland Scottish
8
-
7 .........
..............
,_,,, .......

Wales Welsh
Regardless, the implication is clear - if you are going
to tell a joke involving an animal, make it a duck. 6 Discuss whether any topic can be funny,
1s (7)...... Careful analysis of the data revealed that people or if there a re some which shouId never
found the jokes funniest on the 7th October at 6.03 in be the subject of jokes.
the evening. Perhapsthey have scientifically discovered
the funniest moment of the year!
 Vocabulary Grammar
P r.t: tenses GR n 66-167

1 Match adjectives a-1 with their extreme forms below. 1 Choose the correct tense to complete a-b. Explain
your choice, using the Grammar Reference section
ancient astounded boiling exhausted if necessary.
filthy freezing furious gorgeous a I've done/I've been doing the ironing. I've only
hideous hiJariqus spotless starving got three more shirts to do.
b When I phoned Karen, she was worried because
a attractive g surprised her brother didn't arrive/hadn't arrived home.
b ugly h (unny c I've never tried Vietnamese food, but I had/I've
C dirty i angry had Thai.
d clean j tired d I found/was finding a wallet when I was
e hot k old walking home from the shops.
f cold hungry e Harry was sweating by the time he arrived at
the cinema because he had been/was running.
2 Work in pairs to find as many extreme adjectives f Have you ever ridden/been riding a horse?
as possible for a-d.
g By the time we found the restaurant, it closed/
a very big had closed.
b very small h At the time of the accident, George wasn't
c very good wearing/didn't wear a seatbelt.
d very bad
2 Correct the mistakes in sentences a-h.
3 Decide which of the words in a-e correctly a I've never been believing in Santa Claus.
completes each sentence. b I've been asking him three times, but he hasn't
a The cooker was a bit/very/totally spotless when told me yet.
Steve had finished cleaning it. c Rita and Ahmed have arrived two minutes ago.
b Kate missed her appointment because her train d By the time the fire brigade arrived, the fire
was extremely/totally/utterlylate. had burnt for over an hour.
c Put your hat and scarf on. It's absolucely/ e How long have you studied Chinese?
extremely/veryfreezing out there. f According to the police, the thieves have left the
d Josh was feeling quite/totally/absolutelytired by country a few hours after committing the crime.
the time he got home from work. g How often have you been travelling
e I'm completely/utterly/verysorry, but I've by plane?
forgotten your name. II My aum isn't here yet, but my uncle has arrived
last nigh1.

tGUmt3
3 Complete sentences a-h with your own ideas, using an appropriate tense.
;i l'vP nPvPr trieci b11ngPP j11mping, bul ···-······-···•»•.
b Julie's hair was wet because
c As they were getting on!O the train, ___ .
d By the time we crrived at the shop, .................
.
e 1___ since 8 o'clock this morning.
f She ··············-
three times this year.
g He opened the door, ran outside and ....................
.
h Al midnight last night, George __ .

4 Complete the text with an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

Sometimes more than one tense is possible.

By the time I~ (arrived) at tbe wedding, many of the guests

___ (go) home. Monica 2.·-······ ........ (sit) on the stairs, red·eyed. She
J ...-._ .....- ... (cry), but she was OK now. 'I •...................
(wait) for a taxi [Link]
ten o'clock,' she explained. 'I 5___ .(phone)three times, but it 6........_ .......
(not come).' I 7 .............. (offer) her.·a lift home and she 8___ (accept).
As we 9___ (walk) to my car, she 10___ (touch) my hand gently.
'I 11___ (think) about you a lot recently,' she said. 'You're one of
the [Link] est peop l e I 12......................
(meet ) m• my 1•fi
1 e.'

5 Continue the story in 4 with your own ideas. Start with the
words 'At that moment, .. .' and end with 'we both laughed'.
Write 60-80 words.

Unit3. ·•
 Listening
Part 1 Multiplechoice
1 In pairs, discuss which of these situations might 3 You bear a woman being interviewed for a job.
make you laugh. If possible, give an example. Why did the woman leave her first job?
a you feel nervous A Because she fell asleep while working and
b you make a mistake was fired.
c you see somebody else make a mistake B Because she went to work for a not her
d you feel embarrassed furniture company.
e you're trying to be polite C Because the company had to close all its
f you get a sudden fright shops.
4 You hear a report about a scientific study.
2 Read the first line only of questions 1-8 in 3 below What surprised the researchers?
and match each situation with extracts a-h. A They had thousands of bursts of laughter to
a 'Did you go to Justin's on New Year's Eve?' analyse.
b 'The arrested man has been named as Robert 8 There were a lot of different sounds in the
Winchester.' laughter.
c '"Unmissable" according to Time magazine.' C The women laughed more often than the
d 'As we were walking past the graveyard, we men.
noticed a figure standing by a gravestone.' 5 You hear a boy and a girl talking at a party.
e 'Have you heard the one about the tortoise?· Where have they seen each other before?
f 'What are you going to sing for us today?' A at school
g 'I have a copy of your CV here.' B at Martin's house
h 'They asked 97 volunteers to watch vaiious film C at another party
extracts, and secretly taped their laughter.' 6 You hear a man telling a scary story.
Whai does the old woman in the story say?
3 e.) You will hear people talking in eight different A She says, 'What do you want?'
situations. For questions 1-8, choose the correct B She says, 'Suddenly, my heart started
answer (A, B, or C). thumping.'
1 You hear a man telling a joke. C We don't know what she says.
What is the joke about? 7 You hear a radio advertisement for a film.
A A deteclive and a snail. What kind of film is it?
B A group of detectives in New York. A a love story
C A tortoise and some snails. B a comedy
2 You hear a newsreader making a mistake in C a documentary about holidays
a news item. 8 You hear a man called Brian give an audition in
What is the item about? a talent show.
A A crime at the Prime Minister's home. What does the judge think of Brian?
8 Improved security at the Prime Minister's A He's confident, but that's all.
home. B He's got the right look, but he can't sing.
C An injury to a detective during an arrest. C He hasn't got a good voice or any confidence .

•• Unit3
 Speaking
Parts 3 and 4
1 Look at the photos. Have you seen [Link] of these forms of entertainment in the
past year? Tell a partner about them.
2 •~Listen to two people arranging a night out and say which of the phrases for
making suggestions (a-i) you hear. What do they decide to book tickets for?
a Let's go to ...
b Well, why don't we just go to ... ?
c How does this sound? We go to .
d Shall we go and see ... ?
e How about ... ?
f I know. What about ... ?
g I've got an idea. We could .. .
h Do you fancy going to see ... ?
Would you like to ... ?

3 •i,Choose the correct words to complete these opinions.

Then listen again and check.
a I don't thill.k/find clowns very amusing.
b I'm not really on/into musicals.
c In fact/effect, I really don't like stage comedies at all.
d To be honest/true, silent films don't make me laugh.
e Romantic comedies aren't really my thing/business.
f I'm not a strong/big fan of comedy clubs.

4 Imagine that you ai·e going out for the evening. Read the holll to do it
box, then in pairs, give your opimons of each form ot entertainment
shown and decide which one you are going to book tickets [or.
Use phrases from 2 and 3.

how
Giveyc,urown opinionsclearlyand simply.

•••
Gfsten:o your partner and react to what they say.
Try to correctany mistakes you [Link] don't spend tine
worrying~bout them.
Keeptalkinguntil the examinerstops you.
5 Answer these Part 4 questions with your own ideas and opinions.
a Is it more enjoyable seeing these types of entertainment
oo your own or with friends? Give reasons.
b What other forms of entertainment arc popular with
young people in your country?

t'
 Use of English
Part 1 Multiple-choicecloze
1 Discuss which of the adjectives below 3 Read the the tip box. Then read the text again carefully and
you would use to describe yourself and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
any brothers and sisters you have .
..
C
adventurous creative htunorous hildren with older brothers and sisters find it easier to
rebellious .£isk-taking [Link] (0) m~~~ people laugh, a survey has suggested. Just over
half of younger siblings who (I) ...... part in the survey
said it was easy to be humorous, compared with a third of those
2 Read the newspaper report opposite who were (2) ........ And just 11%of (3) ...... children had the
ignoring the gaps, and choose the best skHl. according to the study of 1.000 people by psychologist
heading (a, b or c). Richard Wiseman. 'Younger siblings have to compete (4) ...... .
a Famous comedians were funny children. parental attention, so chey have co be more unconventional.
b Younger siblings have fewer skills. They are dsk.-t.:aking,and also mol'e humorous. On the other
c Younger siblings are more humorous. (5)...... , older children tend to take on much mo!'eserious roles.
And of course children without siblings don't feel the (6) ...... to
compete at all.'

And (7) ....... funny continues into adulthood. Younger siblings

who (8) ...... co become famous comedians in Britain include
Rowan Atkinson, better known as 'Mr Bean'.

Professor Wiseman, who compiled the report, said his (9) ......
tie in with ocher research about the (10) ...... of family position
on personality. He said University of California research had
suggested thac, because younger chjldren bad not had the
chance co (11) ...... the same skills and abilities as their older
siblings, they bad to find novel ways of gaining attention.
This (12) ...... to make them more creative, unconventional,
advcntuJOus a,uJ n::Udlious.

(!\- Try-IQthink of possible answers before looking at the q:>tions.

0 A force B push @make D encourage

1 A had B took C did D played
2 A first-born B major C primary D new born
3 A only B unique C single D sole
4 A over B on C in D :or
5 A hand B side C way D ma1ter
6 A want B idea C need D lack
7 A to be B be C being D been
8 A put on B went on C took on D came on
9 A happenings B readings C sayings D findings
10 A cause B effect C reason D logic
11 A develop B increase C enlarge D grow
12 A intends B extends C tends D sends

•• Urut3
Vocabulary
Parn..c;;.:verbs w nut

1 Complete sentences a-h with up or down.

a I must find a new apartment. I can't put up [Link]/down with
my noisy neighbours any longer!
b It's not su:prising she lacks confidence. Her older siblings are
always putting her up/down.
c l couldn't find a hotel room, so my friend agreed to put me up/
down for the night.
d He was finding it difficult to sleep at night. Al first, he put this
up to/down to stress.
e Armed rebels tried to overthrow the government, but the army
~n·onput up/down the revolt.
f I need several thousand euros to pay for a year abroad before
university. Fortunately, my parents have agreed to put up/down
half the amouo_1.
g Because of a shortage of oil and gas, energy companies have
put up/down their prices.
h He admitted vandalising the bus stop, but claimed his friends
had put him up to/down to it.

2 Rewrite the sentences in 1 using the verbs below in an appropriate form

instead of phrasal verbs. Use a dictionary to help you, if necessary.

accommodate suppress explain humiliate

increase persuade provide tolerate
3 In pairs, think of as many other phrasal verbs with put as you can.
Then check in your dictionary.

4 Complete sentences a-h wi!h phrasal verbs with puc.

a To be a good musician, you need to put ___ hours of practice.
b He's terrible at explaining things. He finds it impossible to put
___ ,, his points clearly.
c These forest fires have been burning for days, despite ill the
efforts to put them __ _
d Is he really upset - or is he just putting it ____ ?
e C still love her, despite everything that she's put me ........................
.
f The government has put ...........................
a new plan ro improve the
transport system.
g She's really messy. She never puts anything ____ in its proper
place.
b I'd like to travel more, but all those delays at airports really put

5 In pairs, talk about a-c.

a things you've learned to do by putting in a lot of time
b things that would put you off being friends with someone
c things you don't enjoy but have to put up with

Urut3. ·•
 Writing
Part 2 A story
1 Read the story about a pilot. Find out why the passengers panic when
they see him.

2 Read the story again and do the following.

a Find an example of reported speech and rewrite it using direct speech.
b Find an exa-mple of direct speech and rewrite it as reported speech.

3 Explain the difference between these pairs of reporting verbs and find
three of them in the story.
a explain admit
b remark state
C war.n advise
d reply ad:l
e promise claim

~,~ - ,..
.......
•
Ji.

A funny thing happened on a flight from the blind man and remarked, 'We'll
Seattle to San Francisco. Unexpectedly, be In Sacramento for almost an hour.
the plane stopped In Sacramento along Would you like to get off and stretch
the way. The flight attendant explained your legs?' The blind man replied, 'No
that there would be a delay, and If thanks, but my dog might like a walk.
the passengers wanted to get off the Would you mind taking him with you?'
aircraft, they could.
All the people in the terminal building
All the passengers got off the plane were horrified when they looked up
except for one gentleman, who was and saw the pilot walking off the plane
blind. He stayed In his seat, with his with a guide dog! The pilot was even
guide dog by his feet. A few minutes wearing sunglasses. People panicked.
later, as the pilot was leaving the Some of them were desperate to
plane, he stopped In the aisle next to change airlines!

tG Unit3
4 Rewrite the direct speech in a-e as indirect speech, using appropriate
reporting verbs from 3.
Ex,1mpl,• Jake: 'I cheated in the exam.'
Jake admitted that he'd cheated in the exam.
a Sarah: 'I've seen a UFO.'
b Tom: TH always be a Joyal friend.'
c Beth: 'The alarm will go off if you open that door!'
d Denis: 'And what's more it's much too late to go out.'
e Claire: 'My clothes are dirty because I've been cleaning my bike.'

5 Read this passage from another story, ignoring the underlined words.
Complete each gap with the correct tense.

A yery funny thing 1.- .... _ ... -. (was happening/happened/has happened)

to me last Saturday. It was [Link] 5 [Link]. and I 2 .................... (was
sitting/sat/had sat) at home watching a yery goodfilm on TV. I was
feeling verytiredas I 3.....................
(was playing/played/had been playing)
football all afternoor. The film • ....................
Uust finished/has just
finished/was just finishing) when there was a knock at the door.
It was the driver of a very big lorry, which he s___ (parked/
has parked/had parked) in front of the house. He said that he 6.................
(was having/had/had had) a parcel for me .

.-"'"""-""''·"'""""" ·~·
~ _,_ ~, ~-
Usea variety of [Link]
Try to useone
said. •
or two extremeadjectfvesto makethe storyµiore vivid.
=
-•

6 Read the paragraph in 5 again and do the following.

a Find an example of indirect speech and rewrite it as direct speech.
b Replace the underlined words with extreme adjectives.

7 Read the task below and the tip box, then write your story
in 120-180 words.
Your teacher has asked you co write a story for an international
magazine. The story must begin with these words. Choose a, b or c.

A funny thing happened...

a during a lesson at school.
b when I was out with my friends.
c while I was shopping in town.

Unit3 (D ·•
 •
ev1ew
1 Rewrite the text using extreme adjectives to 4 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
replace the underlined phrases. best fits each gap 1-12.

!Juliet sat on the edge of her bed. She looked : Although few students would say that school
at her bedroom floor. It was very dirty. She lessons and laughter 0 __ together, two Ohio
wanted to clean her room. She normally kept University psychology professors argue that
It very clean. But she felt very tired. Then she the use of humour in onllne courses can 1 ··-· good
got a text [Link] was very surprised results. Mark Shatz and Frank LoSchlavofound that
when she read It. It was from Llam, the w_y__ humour can significantly 2 __ student interest. 'We
attractive boy in her class. The message said:
'Fancy lunch? I'm very hungry.' Suddenly,
Juliet felt more optimistic. 'Perhaps this isn't l know students taking online courses often 3 __
as boring and impersonal, 4 _ we thought about
them

l
the idea of trying to incorporate humour into online
going to be a very.....bfil!
day after all,' she teaching,'said Shatz. The study took an existing course
thought, and g~vc ~ very sm~II smile. and added humour in the 5 of jokes and cartoons.
Forty-four students then did 6 the original course
2 Choose the best word, a or b, 10 complete 1-5. or the more humorous course, and the researchers
studied their performance. They counted the number
My aunt keeps her house __spotless. of times students 7., part in the online discussion.
a extremely b totally They also asked students to rate their overall enjoyment
2 You should bring a jumper. It's __ of the course. The 8 showed that students who
freezing outside. did the more humourouscourse were more likely to make
a absolutely b completely commentson discussionboards. They also seemed to enjoy
sorry to hear about your the course more. 'Teachers don't need to be comedians,'
3 We were
said Shatz. 'Our job is not to 9···-· students laugh.
accident.
Our job Is to IO-····... them learn, and if humour can
a very b utterly
make learnin_gmore enjoyable, then everybody benefits.'
4 The train was late and we missed On the other 11 , humour alone cannot save a
the start of the play. poorly planned cla'5, and too 12 humour can work
a utterly b extremely against stud'ent learning. 'If I make my students laugh too
S Harry was ...__tired by the end of hard, tbey're going to remember my funny story and not

-
the race. the material,' admitted Shatz.
a totally :>quite
Correct the phrasal verbs in a-h. A make C have D do
0 B (go
a The heat doesn't put me on going to Africa. l A do B make C produce D present
b Don't criticise me! You're always pulling 2 A grow B rise C increase D multiply
me through. 3 A believe B view C think D look
C I can't afford to shop there any more. 4 A that B so C as D then
They've put forward their prices. kind
5 A way B type C form D
d Put in your mobile until the lesson has neither
6 A either B both C or D
finished!
7 A took B had C played D did
e When he speaks French, he finds it hard
8 A happerungs B readings c.; saymgs 0 ftndtngs
to put out what he's trying to say.
9 A force B cause C make D create
f I wasn't really miserable. I was just putting
10 A produce B help C teach D get
it out.
11 A side B way C hand D matter
g You'll pass the exam if you put away
enough hours of revision. 12 A much B many C big D good
h Ii you ever \iSit London, don't book a hotel
room - we'll put you away for the night .

•• Unit3
Insp1
Leadin
1 Look at the photos and answer these questions about each person.
a What different talents do they need?
b Where might they get their inspiration from?
c What kind of hard work do
each have to put in?
th.~llf:-.Ji
. :·"
d Who do you think has to ~ ;;,,,
work harde;t to be success!uli - ~ •
e Who do you admire most? ,

2 Using the ideas below, discuss which of the

people shown you'd most like to be and why.
become famous
make money
work alone
create something beautiful
change the world
travel the world

i'
'
any other professions
re iii,sw:atio~. j
I

Unit4 G ••
 What do'arttits90 through wh•[Link]~ate, "
"""dd°'I the-processchangethem?flew~
ma!J8zineaskedleadlog son.9"""iters
Alex ~pranos
of Fr~:r Ferdinand and David &ray what fnsplratlon
feels like.

, NS Gimyou describe the process yoft QQthrough

when yoq write songs?
Atex There are two very different sta.9es.'Thereis an
initial creati stage where it all comes out. It feels a
• bit like. lme you ride a bicyclepr drive a [Link],
llJ'¥
Reading idea. Ai,
with thl~ big sprawlihg [Link] an
you have that other l)rocess which is .a;
lot nfore controlled, where you get ri4i>f all the parts
Part 2 Gapped text [Link] irrelevant. During the first protess y11u'renot
really;cQ,nsiderlngwhat you're doing,·you're just doing
1 Look at the photos and answer these questions. jt. The actual writing of.a song is fairly easy. But the
a Can you name the people shown? second erocess is very ruthless and quite cold because
you have to cut away things thatyou'rp attached to.
b Do you know the name of any of their songs
or albums? NS Do you write bett,er in tertain environments?
, Alex I tend to write In all sotts of •.f'or o(lr
2 Quickly read the first paragraph of the text newrecord [ve written, songs in ms, onthe
opposite to check your answer to la. back of tour buses, rncorridor.., wheteJl!lr I've had an
opportunit'i t!il sit down and pick up a guitar. flJ I
3 Read the whole text carefully, then match sentences usuallyJust feel like doing it, ancldo it. It's usuallyeither •
A-H with gaps 1-7. There is one extra sentence. when you feel there's no pressurelo be-doln9 c~er
things, or, when you feel al)Tlostselfishly unawaneof
other thlngs.
A As you follow it, you lose your senseof where you are.
B I'm not a particularly easy person to live with NS Are you a different person w en ou'r,ewriting7
during these times. Ale g ru I'm
C You're trying to control something but you're not yi lst e
quite sure which direction it's going. !I md e
genera o t1.1e at all olite,
D I never write songs when I'm In a bad mood.
ob polite.
E But sometimes you can tell, because all your
emotions are stirred. oes it feel like when yoL{re writing?
F Environment isn't particularly important. Alex If it's good, it f!;!elsreally exGitlng It's like
G But occasionally a song Just seems to come out of listening to a story you've never l]eard tlefore, E(J
nowhere. All the everyday stuff - co,wersati,on,where 'fOJJleft
your lr;[Link]:-;-itilll seems to belong to a diff braip,
H At the same time, you open a door in your brain
that is normally closed.
almost li~e a tirain in s-omebodyelse's hea t's why
· • the dist(l!ttions ar,eso infuriating, caose,,its i e
being reminded that this other brai '•

•• Unit4
 4 Find phrasal verbs a-gin the text and match them
with meanings 1-7.
a end up (l. 11)
b turn into (1. 45)
c hang around (I. 46)
d pick up (1. 47)
e shut down (1. 49)
f think up (I. 61)
g start off (]. 68)
wait, not doing very much
2 begin
3 find yourself in an unexpected place or situation
4 stop something working
S invent or create in your mind
6 take hold of
7 make something become something else

5 Read the dictionary entry for think up. How does

the entry indicate that it is a separable phrasal verb?

NS How do yop 'llrite your songs? ,think sth-•'up {informo()to creacest.h in your mind
3lD oevm::. INVENT: QJ11'1you [Link] up 4 better exc:tise
David I be9io with little idea,sthat aren't fully formed than that?
and I have to either excavate further or enlarge a
small idea and turn it into a song - perhaps join it to
some other Ideas that I have hanging around. So a lot Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionar>', 7ch edition
of the time it's more like being a mechanic. a:Jilpick
up my guitar and within half an hour I've written one.
It's an instinctive process, you shut down conscious
6 Decide which other verbs in 4 take an object, then
, thought. BJ It's about dredging up things that check in your dictionary to see if they are separable
surprise you: images that you had stored and didn't or not.
know you had remembered. One Image wlll onlotk, a
chai" of images, and that betomes a song.

NS How do yo1.1know if a song Is any good?

Da:vld You shouldn't always trust lnsplratron. Just
because it came out of thin air doesn't mean ifs any
good. (IJ The whole feellllg, theapurify of the gel'Jll
of the song - it's all so vivld and wondrous. It feels so
shockingly fresh. But a song that comes from nowhere
. • Is usually much better than anything you consciously
think up.

NS What's yo(lr state of mind when you'rcewritipg7

David It's i111extremely lntense period, I find myself
storming around the· room, biting my nails, scratching
[Link] to the pomt that rt bleeds. It's like having an
itch you can't scrnch until the process is completed.
It takes hold of you. That's how you make records.
You start off by tinkering around, makin9 a few
sounds anil having a really good time, bur when you
, get deeper loto it and your demands get greater and
more ambitious, som11thlngrears its ugly head. You
become possi:s~ed.f(J I find it really hard to get
back into normal tife.

Unit4 G ••
 Vocabulary Grammar
Films Simple and continuous tenses
GRp163-164
1 Name the tenses in italics in a-k and choose the
correct one to complete each sentence.
a Yesterday evening, we were having/had dinner
and watched a film on television.
b I don't usually like desserts, but this ice-cream
is tasting/tastes wonderful.
c The sun was rising/rose by the time they finally
got to bed.
d Our team are playing/play well, but the score is
still 0-0.
e Your face is red. Have you been sittiTl8fHave you
sat in the sun?
f Since his first film in 1984, Johnny Depp has
been playing/has played many different roles.
g Tbis time next week, I'll be sitting/sit on a beach
1 Look at the list of film types below and think of
in the Caribbean.
one example of each type.
h It's a good story, but I'm not believing/don't
a action h historical drama believe that it's true!
b adventure musical Can we stop for a while? We've been walking/
've walked since 10 o'clock this morning!
c animation j romantic comedy
If you don't study hard for these exams, you'll
d comedy k science-fiction be regretcing/'ll regret it.
e crime war k I always leave/I'm always leaving my keys at
f disaster m western home. I'm so forgetful.
g horror
2 Read quotations a-e and correct any continuous
2 Label the adjectives below as a, b or c. Some may forms which should be simple forms, as in the
fit into more than one category. example. / t;hink
a positive b negative c neutral Example Tm 1hil'lki11ga pillow should be the
peace symbol, not the dove. Tbe pillow
boring gripping scary has more feathers than the dove, and it
funny powerful terrible isn't having a beak to peck you with.'
moving slow violent a Everywhere is within walking distance if you're
serious having the time.
b I'm remembering when the candle shop burned
3 Say which adjectives in 2 you generally associate down. Everyone was standing around sioging
with the film types in l. 'Happy Birthday'.
c I've had a poor memory for as long as I'm
4 Tell a partner about a film you really liked, and remembering.
one you didn't like at all. Say what you liked or d I bought a new Japanese car. When I tum on the
didn't like about each one using these words. radio, I'm not understanding a word they're saying.
acting costumes ending e There are two types of people in !his world, good
and bad. The good are sleeping belier, but the bad
locations music special effects
are seeming to enjoy the waking hours much more.
plot stunts

•·· Unit4
3 Compare these pairs of sentences and explain the 4 Complete the dialogue by putiing the verbs in
difference in meaning between the verbs in italic. brackets into the correct tense (future, present or
a I don'/ seewhy you can't help me with my present perfect, simple or continuous).
homework.
They aren't seeingeach other - they're just Joanna You__ 1 (sit) on that sofa since
good friends. [Link] ,............you ...............
2 (do)?
b What do you chink of Tarantino's latest film? Wesley A crossword.
We're thinking of going to the cinema Joanna You __ 3 (always do) crosswords!
tomorrow night. 4 (enjoy) them. Anyway,
Wesley Well, I .....................
c Our teacher feels that we're working harder s (finish) it soon, if you -·······-··
r ··········-··•·••·
this year. 6 (let) me concentrate!
We're feeling optimistic about the exam. ,...7 (never like) crosswords.
Joanna I ................
d You smile a lot when you have a baby. Wesley Sshhh! I ............_._s (think)! Four across,
You don't smile much when you're 'get better' .. .
having a baby. Joanna 'Improve'. Seems pretty easy to me.
Wesley They Men'l all lhal ,:,a~y. I .................
.
9(have) trouble with some of them.
For example, can you think of a word
that .....10 (mean) 'magnificent'?
Joanna 'Wonderful'?
Wesley 11 (not fit}. Eight letters.
No, it ................
Joanna _ 12 (know). It's 'splendid'.
Oh, I .............
Wesley Whatabout this one - a small insect
that ·····-····-····
13 (bite)?
Joanna A mosquito?
Wesley That's it! r ....... 14 (do) it!

5 Complete questions a-e with an appropriate verb

and tense (simple or continuous). Then discuss Lhe
questions in pairs.
a What ····-·······-·-you __ this evening?
b How long·····-··-····-· you __ English?
c What ....................
you usually __ on Saiurday
evenings?
d Where do you think you ....................
in ten years' time?
e What ...................
, you __ when the teacher came
into the room?

Unit4 G) ·•
 Listening
Part 1 Multipiechoice
4 You hear someone talking about their (avottrite
-hOWtodo1t holiday destination.
Read the question and optionscarefullyas you
hear [Link] what kind of informationyou What do they like most about it?
•. are listen:ngfor. A the peace and quiet
• In the exam the seven situations are unconnected, B the friendliness of the people
so mark youranswer after the first listening then C the scenery
concentrateon the next question.
S You hear a musician talking about songwriting.
Checkyouranswer during the second listening.
If you are~·t sure, make a guess. What is she doingl
A describing how she writes songs
1 •l) Read the how to do it box and the example B offering advice on how to write songs
question below, including the three options. Then C saying why she writes songs about other people
listen and mark your answer. Say which words 6 You hear an art critic talking on the radio about
helped you decide. a painting.
Example You hear two people discussing ideas Why are most people so interested in it?
for a party. A It's really beautiful.
Where are they? B It was mentioned in a book.
A in a cafe C It's been restored.
B at work 7 You overhear a conversation in which people are
C at home talking about U1ings they'd like to invent.
Which invention does everybody agree on?
2 •) Listen to people talking in seven different
situations and choose the best answers. A a self-loading dishwasher
B a car that parks itself
I You hear an actor and a director rehearsing a
Shakespeare play. C something that can take the dog for a walk
What problem did the actor have?
A He wasn't speaking loudly enough.
B He wasn't putting enough emotion into the
lines.
C He was standing in the wrong place.
2 You hear a book review on the radio.
Why doesn't the presenter like the ending of
the book1
A It's unrealistic.
B It's boring.
C It's too depressing.
3 You overhear a conversation between a daughter
and a parent.
What agreement do they come to?
A She can stay out late if she does her
homework now.
B If she comes home early, she can finish her
homework tomorrow.
C If she stays out late, she must finish her
homework in the morning.

•·· Unit4
Speaking
Part 2
1 Look at photo 1 and decide which parts of the picture are real, and which are drawn.

2 Match each of a-i with photos I or 2.

a spray paint f chalk
b building g illusion
C graffiti h permanent
d pavement art shadow
e temporary
3 In pairs, decide what the two photos have in
common. Use these words and your own ideas.
colourful free three-dimensional
outdoors large-scale urban

4 Inpairs, say what is different about the street art

inthe photos. Talk about
a what exactly the people have drawn or written
b why they may have done it
c what they used (paint, chalk, etc.) and how
easy it might be to remove
d how good it is
5 Discuss whether graffiti is vandalism or art.
Give reasons for your opinions.

Unit4. ·•
 Use of English
Part 2 Open cloze
1 Read the rules about articles in the Grammar Reference 2 Quickly read the text below and find
(page 163) then match each underlined word or phrase a the name of the artist
in a-j below with one of the rnles. b the name of two of his famous paintings
a He swam across the English Channel and climbed c two things he designed.
Ben Nevis. the highest mountain in Britain, in the
same week. That's an amazing achievement. 3 Read the text again carefully. Then read the
b AfterEaster I'll be spending most of my time at home. tip box and complete gaps 1-12 with one
word each.
c I've got a..mt and iL!!.[Link] cat is called Freddie and
il.1.ul2g is called Buster. 4 Explain the use or non-use of articles in
d Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. these phrases from the text.
e The Brjtjsh have a reputation for being reserved. a a man (I. 1) •
r Tile longest river in the world is Jhe Amazon. b at school (I. 6) ' In this text,
gaps 1,2 and 8
g I always listen to the radio in the morning. c the Duke (I. 15) neeclan article.
h I can't stand modern art. d to France (I. 18)
After dinner Kate played some tunes on the ojano. e the world (I. 20)
John lives in Nice, [Link].Y on the south coast of .fem. f the most famous (1. 21)

RENAISSANCEMAN EONARDO DA VtNCJ was a man before his time, and

L (O) wa5considered to be a genius. He became
renowned for his multiple talents: be was (Ii--
painter, architect, engineer, mathematician and Inventor.
s He was born in Vinci, outside (2) __ northern Italian
cicyof Florence, in 1452. While he was at school, his teachers
quickly noticed his curiosity and his inquiring mind, even
going so far as to complain (3) __ his endless questions.
(4) __ a youngster, he (5) __ also discovered to have
10 a talent for drawing. On reaching his fourteenth birthday,
Leonardo was apprenticed co Verrochio, a master painter
and sculptor, (6) __ studios and workshops were in the
city of Florence. At the age [Link] became his own
master, and four years (7) __ , moved to Milan to work
15 for the Duke there. He travelled between Florence and Milan
for most of bis life, starring many paintings and sculptures
but often not completing chem. In his last years he moved to
France. where he died in 1519,at (8) __ age of 67.
He is widely regarded as (9) __ of the greotesc p•ioters
20 in the wol'ld. Two of his [Link], The Last Supper,and
the MonaLisaoccupy positions as the roost famous, most
reproduced and most copied artworks of all time.
As an engineer and inventor, he was ahead (10)-his
time. Only long after he died (11)__ people realise how
25 advanced he had been in his thinking. He drew up designs
for machines tbat would only be invented centuries after his
death, (12) __ as a helicopter, a cakttlator 1 and a tank.

•·· Unit4
 Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs with take
1 Read the dictionary entry for take back and match
.take sb•...'badi roaUowsb, suchasyour husband,wife each sentence with one of the meanings .
or parmer,tocomehomeaftertheyhaveleft because ofa
problem,take sb'back (to ... Jto makesbremembersth: a This dress is too big. I'll have to take it back.
Thesmellof die seatook him back to his childhood.,Uke
sth-'back 1 if )'OUtake sth back to a shop/score, or a b I don't know why she's agreed to take him back
shop/storera.k~ sth back, you retum sth that you have
boughtthere,for examplebecausejt isthe wrong:sizeor after he walked out on her like that.
doesnotwork 2 coadmirthat sthyousaidwaswrongor
thatyooshouldnothavesaidit: OK,1take i'call back! c He accused me of lying, but he later took it back
and apologised.
d That song takes me back to my time at college.
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dic1ionary. 71h edi1ion
A Phrasalve(bs often have more than one meaning.
'ii' 1nUse the context to help you,then check Y,our;deas
a dictionary.

2 Complete each pair of sentences with one of these

words to form phrasal verbs.

apart in off on up
a I tried to listen as he gave me the bad news, but
I couldn't take,.,.,..............
what he was saying.
He lost a lot of money when he was taken ....................
.
by an email claiming to be from a charity.
b We collapsed in laughter when Fred took __
the headmaster.
Mobile phones really took ....... - ............
in the !990s.
c The company hct~relu~aletl tu New York 311<1
taken ....................
20 new staff.
Jeff has taken ...................
far too much work this
year [Link] almost no free time.
d We'll have to take the wardrobe ......................
before
we try to move it downstairs.
Italy took France .......
,., ......in the football final,
beating them 4-0.
e Jan plays the piano beautifully, but he didn't
take it until he was in bis forties.
The sleeves on this jacket are too long. Can you
I
3
take them for me?

Match these verbs and phrases with the meanings

of the phrasal verbs in z.
I
a agree to do f employ
b become successful g understand
C deceive h pretend to be someone
d take to pieces shorten
e easily beat start

Unit4. ·•
 Writing 4 What tense is used to describe the story?
5 Complete the gaps in sentences a-h with these
Part 2 A review words.

1 Discuss these questions in pairs. fan impressed miss performances set

a Who's your favourite actress and actor? short spectacular stands tells worth
b What do you like about them?
a There are some excellent ..................
from the
c Which, in your opinion, is the best film they've leading actors in the latest Bond film.
appeared in? Why?
b Spider·Man 3 is ............... in New York.
2 Look at the words and phrases in the box below and c What particularly ..................
me about Dreamgirls
discuss these questions. was the acting.
a Have you seen any James Bond films? If so, did d If you're a ................
of war films, you won't be
you enjoy them? Why/Why not? disappointed. Flags of our Fathers is well
b Which of these words and phrases are typical of ___ seeing.
Bond films? Cive examples from particular films. e I've seen a lot of good films. but there's one
that .... ..........out from the rest.
special effects car chases beautiful actresses
f In ...................
, An [Link] 1ruth is quite
exotic locations villains stunts simply the best documentary film I've ever
gripping Jight·hearted funny violent seen. You really shouldn't ..................
it.
g United 93 __ the story of what might
3 Read the film review opposite and say in which have happened on the United Airlines Flight
paragraph the writer mentions a-d. on 11th September 2001.
a aspects of the film they liked h The animated film Cars is ···············-···
to watch
b their overall opinion and recommendation to see it because of the amazing special effects.
c background detail, i.e. the title, type of film, book
it's based on
d a brief description of the plot

•·· Unit4
6 Say which sentences in 5 could be used in a film
review to
a introduce the film.
b describe the story.
c describe the acting.
d describe what it looks like.
e recommend the film.

~
how todoit
Divide your review into four paragraphs:

• I introduction [basic information,e.g. title, type of

film, actors, director)

•• 2 brief outline of the plot using the presentsimple

- but don't give awaythe ending!
3 why you liked the film (acting? story? music?
special effects? etc.)
4 your overallopinion and [Link] seeit.

7 Read the exam task below and the how to do it

box. Then write a review including language from
this section.

Yourecentlysaw this noticein a film

magazinecalledSilverScreen.

FILMREVIEWS
Haveyou seen any good
films recently? Write a --...•
review telling us why
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Issue.

Unir.4 '9 ·•
 Review
1 Read the definitions and complete 3 Complete the text using a/an, the or no article.
the adjectives that can be used to
describe films.

a I ____ • h ______ (not very

serious)
b s ____ (frightening)
c p _______
impression)
(creating a strong
n( [ A R T nt y
d g _____ (very exciting and

J
interesting) ohn Lennon and Paul McCartney are considered by some to
be (1)__ greatest song-writing team of (2) __ past 50
years. They were brought up in (3) __ Liverpool in England
2 Complete sentences a-g with phrasal in (4) __ 1940s and 60s. While he was still at (5) __ school,
verbs 1-7 in the correct form.
Lennon formed (6)__ group called The [Link] day in 1956,
a They had to ...___ tbe computer (7)__ group were playing at (8)__ church fete when (9)_
system when a virus infected it. talented young musician called Paul McCartney was Introduced to
b Who are tbose boys that are ....... - ........
. John. They began writing (10) __ songs together in 1957. They
on the corner of the street? would sometimes miss (11) __ school and go to Paul's house
c The interview ..................... well while his father was at (12) __ work. There they would make up
but then they asked me some (13) __ tunes on (14) __ piano. It was (15) __ beginning
questions that I couldn't answer. of (16) __ wonderfully creative partnership. In (17)__
following thirteen years they wrote over 100 songs together before
d Can you ..........................
your bag?
Someone will trip over it if you The Beatles finally split up In 1970.
leave it there.
e I need to ...........................
a good title for
my essay. Any suggestions? 4 Complete the missing part of the phrasal verbs in sentences a-k.
Use each word below twice.
f We couldn't get a table at the
restaurar.t so we ____ getting apart back in off on up
a take-away.
g 'If you don't do as I say; said the Exa rnple These jeans are a bit too long so I'll have to take
wicked witch, 'I'll ---·· you tbem. up.
___ a frog.' a Don't be taken ....................
by his promises. He never keeps his word.
b The bed is too big to get through the door. Can you give me
I end up a hand to take it .....- .............
?
2 hang around c He's great at impersonating people. He can take ..................
anybody.
3 pick up d Our new DVDplayer didn't work so I took it .................
to the shop.
4 shut down e We can't take .................
- any more people because we haven't
5 start off got any free office space.
6 think up f The smell of the sea always takes me ...................
to my childhood.
7 turn into g Don't take .....................
any more work. You've already got more
than you can cope with.
h In the 1950s, rock 'n' roll really took __ in the USA.
I[ you're in London, give me a ring and we can take __ _
a film or a show.
j If you're bored with life, why don't you take ................
a new hobby?
k Brazil have a much stronger team than England, so they will
probably take them ................... .

•·· Unit4
Re ake?-
Leadin
1 Read the questionnaire below, then complete
the gaps with these words.
cheated forgery honest lie own up
pretend tell truth truthfully

•
You're baving dinner at a friend's house. The friend

6
A relative gives you a shirt as a present. You don't
serves a dish -charyou really don't like, and says like it, so you give ir away. The _relative then asks
'I hope you like it'. Would you .................
ro like it? you how often you WCCH' LlJe:.ltlrt. Would you
,-..,............
a lie?

2
A friend has a new haircut. You think it looks
[Link]. Your friend asks: 'What do you think of

7
You buy a. ticket for a big football match from
my new hair cue?' Would you answer ...................
? a stranger. Later you notice that it's a ..........
- ......
Do you still try to get into the march?

3
A friend bas fallen in love with somebody you don't
like. Your friend asks you what you think of this

8
You're ar a boring parry and you decide to leave.
person. Would you be ....- ............
with your friend? The host, who isn't a close friend, asks you why
you are leaving. Would you tell the ..- ..............
?
You accidentally crack a valuable ornament
at somebody's house. Nobody sees you do it.
Wouldyou_ ..,......
9 You and y6ur parents are planning a surprise
birthday _party for you grandfather this Saturday.
Your grandfather asks if you have any plans for

5
You know that a classmate .................
in an exam.
the weekend. Would you .........
- .......ro your
Your teacher suspects that this is the case, and asks grandfather?
you if you know anything. What would yon say?

2 In pairs, answer the questionnaire together, then discuss your answers, giving reasons.
3 Think about your answers to the questionnaire. Try to summarise your opinions by
completing the sentence below, then compare answers.
It is DK(O tell a lie if ...

Unit5 (D ••
 Reading
Part 3 Multiplematching
1 In pairs, discuss the meanings of a-h and
match words with similar meanings.
a a con
b a fraud
c genuine
d an impostor
e pose as
legitimate
g pretend to be
h a 1rick

2 You are going to read a text about four impostors.

Before you do, think of as many reasons as you
can why someone might become an impostor.
3 Read the text opposite to find out if any of the
people become impostors for the reasons you
thought of in I.
4 Read the text again carefully and for questions
1-15, choose from the people (A-D).The people
may be chosen more than once.
Which person
1 deceived people for financial gain?
2 had to act younger than his real age?
3 met a member of a royal family?
4 tried to make people's Iives better?
5 spent some time in prison?
6 invented a story about an accident?
7 was not an easy person to get on with?
8 did not want to stop working?
9 changed his name several times?
10 made many public appearances in Europe?
11 has a role in a film about his life?
12 was born over 200 years ago?
13 went to university?
14 gave advice to businesses on stopping fraud?
15 was an early environmentalist?

5 Imagine that you could lead somebody else's life

for one week. Whose Iife would you choose and
why? What would you do in that week?

•·· Unit5
 0 Doctor James Barry
James Barry wa, a surgeon 111u,., British Army.
8
45
Frank Abagnale
In 1964, at the age of 16 Frank Abagnale ran away from home
Having graduated from Edinburgh University In to New York City. He used various cons to get money from banks,
1812, he served In India, South Africa and the changing his identity when they discovered his tricks. For two
West Indies. Although he was a difficult and years he lived as Frank WIiiiams and pretended to be an airline
; argumentative person who was always getting pilot with Pan Am. Wearing a pilot's uniform which he had
Into trouble with his superiors, Barry worked so tricked Pan Am head office Into giving him, he used his forged
hard to improve conditions for the troops and ID card to travel around the world free on Pan Am planes. Later,
for ordinary people wherever he was staying. he changed his name to Frank Conners, moved to Georgia, and
For example, when he was stationed In Cape posed as a doctor, even though he had no qualifications. When
10 Town, South Africa, he developed ways of his flancee realised that he was an impostor, she called the
Improving the town's supply of clean water. 55 police and Frank had to disappear. But he soon re-emerged with
Barry retired in 1864 - apparently against his a forged Law Diploma from Harvard University and got a Job
wishes - and returned to England. After his worl<ing for the Attorney General in Louisiana. Over a oerlod of
death in 1865, the post-mortem examlnatlon flve years, Abagnale used eight different Identities and
1s revealed that James Barry was In fact a woman. committed fraud In 26 different countries. His luck finally ran out
It Is not clear why Barry chose to five as a man. oo In 1.969, when he wllS arrested In Fra11c.,,Art"r spending several
Nobody is even sure what Barry's real name years In Jail, Abagnale was released and began a new. legitimate,
was. But one thing Is certain: at that time, a and very successful career as a consultant to banks on how
woman could not have had a career as an army to prevent fraud. He also wrote a best-selling autobiography
20 doctor. Being an Impostor allowed Barry to help which was made into - Catch Me If You Can - starring Leonardo
thousands of people around the world. 65 OiCaprlo and Tom Hanks. Abagnale himself appears briefly In It
but, of course, he does not play himself!

Frederic· Bourdin Cl)GreyOwl

The pupils at Jean Monnet College in Pau, south- In 1935, Londoners flocked to see a man called Grey Owl give
West France, believed everything that their new 15- lectures about the natural world. This unusual character would
year-old classmate, Francisco,told them. He stand In front of his audience in full North American Indian
2s claimed that he had just arrived in France from 10 dress and begin with· these words: 'You are tired with years of
Spain. He said that he had been an orphan since civilisat on. I come to offer you - what? A single green leaf.'
2000, when his parents had died In a car crash, Grey Owl was so popular In England that he gave over 200
and that he had spent three months In a coma lectures In four months and addressed 250,000 people about
after the accident But It was all a lie. Francisco the beauty and significance of the wild. His second lecture tour,
JO was In fact a 31-)'llar-old Frenchman called 75 in 1937, was an even bigger success - he even gave a private
Frederic Bourdln. The school only realised the truth talk to the king of England at Buckingham Palace. What his
when one of the tBachers saw Bourdln on TV, In a audiences did not know, however, was that Grey Owl was not a
documentary about impostors. The school genuine North American Indian at all. In fact, he was not even
principal, Claire Chardoume, said that the pupil from North America, but rather from Hastings on the south
35 had appeared a bit older than his classmates but so coast of England, and his real name was Archibald Belaney.
she also said that Bourdln had played the part of a As a boy, young Archie had been fascinated by stories of the
15-year-old brilliantly. 'He told me he had awful Canadian wilderness and the life of the people who lived there.
scars which he wanted to hide. I gave him special So at the age of 18, he left England and went to live and work
permission to wear a cap. That Is how he in Northern Ontario, Canada, where he pretended to be the
40 concealed his true age,' she said. Bourdln has 85 child of a Scottish father and an Apache mother. It was only
confessed that he loved the attention he could get after his death that his true Identity became public and his
by pretending to be a youngster. 'In Pau, I got what reputation suffered badly as a result. But although Grey Owl
I wanted. I loved the kids and the people who took was a fraud, he did a lot to educate and Inspire people about
care of them. The'/ treated me like one of them.' the natural world.

. ....
'
'
' '(Jnit5 0 ••
 Vocabulary Grammar
Verbs connected with speech Beported speech GR p168
1 Check the meaning of these words in a dictionary 1 Read the examples of direct
and put them into two groups: loud and quiet. speech and reported speech then
answer questions a-c below.
bellow grumble mumble murmU(
1 'I don't want the rest of my
mutter scream shriek shout whisper pizza; he insisted.
He insisted that he djdn't
2 Choose the correct verb for these definitions. want the rest of hjspizza.
a bellow/shriek: to shout in a high voice 2 'You're standing on my toe;
b mutter/whisper: to speak quietly and unclearly she told him.
c mumble/grumble: to complain in a quiet voice She told him he was standing
d scream/shout: 10 make a loud higl1 cry from fear, on hertoe.
pain or excitement 3 'I'll phone you tomorrow;
e murmur/1v/1isper: to speak using only your she promised him.
breath, not your voice She promised that she would
phone him the next day.
3 Matcb sentence halves a-f with 1-6, choosing 4 'I only bought these shoes yesterday; she
the correct prepositions. complained.
a He's always boasting about/for ... She complained that shehadonly bought the
b He finally confessedto/at .. . shoes the day before.
c She always insists in/on .. . a How do the tenses of the verbs change in each
d She often complains about/with ... pair of sentences?
e He objected of/to ... b How do these types of words change?
f He begged her for/with ... • personal pronouns (I, you, etc.)
1 the best for her children. • time expressions (today, tomorrow, etc.)
2 another chance to prove his love. • possessive adjectives (my, yuu,, <:!le.)
3 bis son's fantastic exam results. • demonstratives (this, that, etc.)
4 the way his actions had been reported in c Which word sometimes comes at the beginning
the newspaper. of the underlined reported speech clauses, but
5 breaking my computer. is sometimes omitted?
6 the noise from her neighbour's house.
2 •) Listen to six people, then report what they
4 Complete these sentences in an appropriate way. say using reported speech. Choose the more
appropriate of the reporting verbs given.
a ____ ; the teacher grumbled.
Example 'I'm trying my hardest!'
b ____ ; the actor boasted.
c ____ : the police officer insisted. insist agree
She insisted that she was trying her
d ___ ; the photographer begged.
hardest.
e ; the waiter objected.
f ___ ......,' the impostor confessed. Speaker I promise warn
g ; the swimmer shrieked. Speaker 2 complain boast
Speaker 3 agree boast
Speaker 4 beg explain
Speaker S confess predict
Speaker 6 warn predict

•• Unit5
3 Read reported questions 1-3 then answer a-d below. 6 In pairs, tell each other about a-d.
1 She asked me wl1ere her new shoes were. a the most difficult thing that you've ever been
2 He asked ber what she had done the previous day. asked to do
3 She asked them whether they wanted to come b the most surprising thing that anybody has ever
back the next day. told you
a Do reported questions foJlow I he same word c something that you were always warned not 10
order as direct questions? do as a child
b Do reported questions use interrogative verb forms? d a promise someone didn't keep
c What word introduces a reported question when
there is no question word? (two possibilities) 7 Complete the newspaper article with the infinitive
or other appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
d What were the original questions that the
Add pronouns and other words if necessary.
people asked?

4 Rewrite the dialogue below as reported speech. OBBY MASON was a celebrity in tbe small
Example Helen asked Mike what he was doing in
her l.Jetlruou1. Mikt, rt,plit,tl that ... B village ofSouthbourne where he lived. His
[Link] often 2sked him 1.............(tell)
stories about his years as a top professional footballer
Helen Wha, are you doing in my bedroom? in the 1960s. Bobby entertained them for hours. He
Mike I'm looking for my mobile phone. Did you told. them 2.............(play) against George Best. one of
borrow it? the most famous footballers in the world at that time.
Helen I've never borrowed your mobile phone.
You used it yesterday! The problem was, it wasn't true. Although Bobby
Mike
Mason was indeed the name of a footballer from
Helen I didn't make any calls. I was just looking
the 1960s, the Bobby Mason in Southboume had
for a phone number.
never been a footballer - he·d been a carpenter.
Mike Where did you leave it?
When somebody told the real Bobby Mason what
Helen I can·t remember. Have you looked on the 3.............(happen). he was so angry that he drove
kitchen table? to Southboume and ordered the impostor
Mike I've looked everywhere! 4 ............. (explain). The impostor admitted that
5 ............. (impersonate) the footballer, but claimed that
5 For a-e rewrite the reported speech with it 0............. (start) by accident. 'People kept asking me
infinitives as direct speech. if 7.............(be) tbe same BobbyMason as the
a The neighbours asked him not to tell anyone. footballer. At first. I told them 8.............(not be),
____ .................
_ ....................................
anyone.' but when pe_oplekept asking. I almost started to
b The police ordered him to put his hands on his believe it was true.'
head.
____ ....................................
head.' i, .·~

.11
c His girlfriend told him not to worry about
anything.
___________ anything.'
d Jenny agreed to help him with his homework. ,-
·---- ........homework.'
e The managing director advised her to apply for ~ ~ --
the job.
f ..............
- ................................
______ .........job.'
The kidnappers warned him not to contact the
police.
 Listening
Part 4 Multiplechoice
1 Read the description opposite of a TV programme called Faking it.
Which of the identities below do you think a female singer in a choir
might be asked to take?

a fashion photographer a racing driver

a rock singer a television director

2 •JiListen to an account of choirgirl

Laura-Jane Foley's experiences in
Faking it and answer these questions.
a Did you guess correctly in l?
b Did LaUJa-Jane'fake it' successfully?
Fa)dng It is a TV show which
3 •l!Listen again and choose the best answer for 1-7. challenges people to adopt a
completely new Identity. Can they
1 How did Laura-Jane and the programme-makers first [Link] contact?
learn the new skills, style and
A The programme-makers emailed lots of choir singers, including attitude so well that, at the end
Laura-Jane. of the four weeks, even experts
B Laura-Jane phoned the TV company. do not realise that they're faking
C The programme-makers went to see her choir. it? There is always a big contrast
2 Laura-Jane was amazed that between each person's real life
A the programme-makers were interested in a Cambridge student. and the new identity that they
are asked to adopt. For example,
B so many people from the TV company went to see her.
in one programme, a quiet,
C the programme-makers started filming so soon. shy chess player had to become
3 Laura-Jane's new identity was going to be the manager of a football team.
A BJ, lead singer of the band Remake. And in another, a singer in a
B JJ, lead singer of the band Reload. punk rock band became the
C W, lead singer of the band Rehab. conductor of a classical
orchestra. The interesting part of
4 According to Laura-Jane,why were arguments with Harry inevitable?
the show is not only whether they
A Harry leads a real rock singer's lifestyle. manage to fool the experts, but
B Harry and Laura-Jane both have strong opinions. also what they learn about
C They only had four weeks for all the training. themselves as people.
5 Laura-Jane thought her first rock concert
A was not very safe.
B was frightening but fun.
C was fun, but not something she'd want to do again.
6 In what sense was Laura-Jane's training a failure?
A She didn't really change her style or attitude.
B She didn't enjoy the whole experience of becoming a rock singer.
C She didn't make the judges believe that she was a real rock singer.
7 One positive result of the experience is that it made Laura-Jane
A change her views on life.
B become a more confident person.
C change her opinion of rock singers.

4 Look at the challengesin I again and discuss in pairs which one you would
most like to try. Say why, and how successful you think you would be.

• (I Unit5
Speaking
Part 1

1 Read questions a-f below and in pairs brainstorm some ideas and words you
might use to answer them.
a What's your ideal holiday destination and why?
b Are you a fan of new technology? Why/Why not?
c Do you enjoy eating out? (Why/Why not?)
d Do you judge people by the way they dress?
e Tell me about something that went wrong for you recently.
f What are your earliest memories?

2 •) Listen to five people answering questions from l and answer a-c.

a Which question was not answered?
b Did you hear any of the words from your list?
c What other words gave away which question the speaker was answe1ing?

3 •) Listen again. Match each speaker from 2 to two of the phrases below,
one from each language box.

•• Allowing yourself time to think

Speaker
I L

I need to think for a moment.

.i,,:.::··:::.,·-"""=...;.;..·
.r-----'-'---'"-'-- ~ ~ interestingquestion.
!-7ell,it's difficult to [Link].
Let me see.
It dependswhat youmean,exactly.
·-==----'--

•• Introducing your answer

Speaker
I [Link] honestanswerwould be ...
+------~ -----=---=---H
I supposethe simplestanswer to that question is ...
If I think aboutit, I suppose...
It's hard to [Link] on balance __.
The best examplethat comesto-ml~n_d_i_s -..-. ----i

~
'-i' Inbethe [Link] will not know what questionsyou are going to
asked,you may needto give yourselftime to think beforeanswering.

4 Work in pairs as Student A and B and do the following.

• Student A ask B three of the questions from l and pay attention to the answers.
• Student B answer two of A's question honestly, but invent the answer to the
other. Try to include phrases from 3 in your answers.
• Student A try to guess which of Student B's answers was invented.
• Swap roles so that Student B asks three questions.

Unit5 Cl••
 Use of English 4 Read the bow to do it box. Then read the text
again carefully and complete gaps 1-10 with
words formed from those below.
Part 3 Wordformation
0 distinguish 6 real
1 possible 7 technology
•• Negative prefixes 2 aware s likely
Commonnegativeprefixesin Englishare un-, in-, (im-, 3 act 9 [Link]
ii~,iI - ) and dis-. They can be added to certain verbs, 4 practical 10 questionable
but more often to adjectives and adverbs. 5 immediate
~~-
t, wrap- unwra._P_=----
aware- unaware .;.c.:;;,,;;..::.
how
practical- imp~ctical Read the text once, ignoringthe gaps, to find out
what it is about.
appear- disappear
Looi<at the context of each missing word and
honestly..~ dish9nest/y work,ou\ what part of speech it must be.
Find a word related to the base word which is
the conect part of speech.
1 Read the information about negative prefixes.
Then add negative prefixes to a-g, checking in Read,your completed text to check that it
~kessense.
a dictionary if necessary.
a active e possible 5 Does it mat er whether you are watching a real
b allow f sane actor or a co111puter-generated actor, if you can't
c legal g sympathetically tell the diff_!V'ence?Why/Why not?
d injured
2 Choose the correct word from those you formed
in 1 to complete these sentences.
a 'Stop crying and go home,' she said
b He was lucky to escape from the
accident ......
- .......................
.
i; 111J11a11ywunlrit!'~ il '::>.........___ to drive a ccu
without wearing a seatbelt.
d Why did the referee ____ that goal? It
looked OK to me!
e According to Einstein, it's ____ to travel
[aster than the speed o[ light.
f The volcano had been ............................. for
hundreds of years before it erupted.
g You'd have to be ___ ........to swim
in that water - it's full of sharks!

3 Read U1etext opposite, ignoring tile gaps,

to find out what the two characters in
the pictures have in common.

•·· Unit5
 Vocabulary
0

1 Match expressions a-h with definitions 1-8.

a speak out against :something
b speak yom mind
c get to the point
d get the wrong end of th tick
e talk about someone behind their back
f talk down to someone
g talk someone into (doing) something
b talk some,oneout of (doi g) something
1 say bad things about someone without the.m
knowing
2 say publ'icly that something is bad
ERATED ·IMA'GE5 are now so
at east. they are almost 3 persuade someone not to do something
. fr,ornthe real world. 4• talk to, someone as if they are not very
. to produce computer· intelligent
~eherate,·d r.e IJ ~. to tell 5 persuade someone to do something
;qpart from. • ing rapjdly. 6 misunderstand
When'aodf che film 7 say exactly what you think
Titanic, most of t~e pro that begin lhe most important part of what you want
fnar:iyof tfte ,aetorswer~ not human,.TM i;,eoplejumping to say
or falling from u,~ sh1p,asit s·ink;sare irl fact computer•
,.~ . ~ or 's}(ntbec5phims
generated II __....:....... 1, as they are Complete sentences a-h with the correct form of
sometimes knowi;[Link] would:have heeh II.... ......... .........' the expressions in 1. speaks out against
and el(:treme!Y, cle1ngero,u-s, to [Link] rpul dotors for these a She's a. politida.n who ..................................
all forms of
scenes. The fllm ·Gladlator·also uses syrithespians for injustice.
~sqnfaspectaoular c'rowd~cene-s·whichwould have been b Even though we were teenagers, some teachers
• . ~
impossible with real aotots. Of course m both of these talked
still··-.. down us, to
-·,--"·"-···"-·- as if we were young
films. we do not see·,close-upshots of the computer- childTen.
generated characters because it would have been c My aunt insisted on taking three suitcases on
B_.._,..............
obvio!;ls,that·they were JlQt real. Mo1e holiday, even thougb we tried to talk her [Link] it
...........................
recent iitms have included:comput~)'-~eneratedactors d My cousin took fifteen minutes toget to.....
.... .......the .....point
,
as main characters (for exampleTGonum in The Lord of and ask to borrow some money.
the Rings),.or even charac\er$ who are a mix ~f real am:f e l hink you've got the wrong -.. - r only
.................. endwant
of the stick
to have
-computer-generated ·images, such as avy Jonesln dinner at this hotel, l don't need a room.
· Pi$,te.s,.
of the ~ribl,,ean 1. IIA human face f Tanya was upset to find out that two of her best
is the most difficult challenge, bat with the speecl of friends had beentalking about
_ her behind her back
,_,...._.._,.............
Q _...................
progress it seems probablecthat tnis [Link] g Al f rst I d~dnt want to go skiin,g;but in the end
be achieved soon. However i1 is llJ , ...thai the
talked me into it
my friends .........
-........
.......
... it.
rise of [Link] will ever cause h My dad i • very direct. He always speaks
...,........ his
....., mind
--·-..···
human actors to II......... .. .... completely. Who would even ii it offends people from lime to time.
become a fan of an actor who did not exfst in the real
world? But their ml l)enefits. when lt comes
to fantasy clhara'ctern,"Stunts and crowd scenes, su,ely
mean that synthespians are here to stay.

Unit5 (9, ••
 Introduce el texto aquí
Writing
Pan 2 An essay
1 Read lhe model quesr·
100
explaio• lhe term 'whiter and
, . essay be 1ow, rhea
2 Ch ie ID your own words.
OOsethe correct verb
expressions, !hen checks to complete these common -
them io rbe essa>,in 1. your answers by finding
a 10
say/tell a lie
b 10 say/tell lbe lIUlb
C lo damag ''h
e,. urt somebody's t r
d ro feel/sense guilty ee mgs
e when ir c:cm Vi
es goes to imponanr marters
Youhave had a class . .
Y~ur teacherhas ask~1on ~bout honesty.
With the title· Is h you to wnte an essay
Write youre;say i~n~otyal18wao
'.YSthe best policy?
- words. •

IS HONESTY ALWAYS THE BEST POLICY?

We teach our children from a young age that it is wrong
to tell a lie. However, as adults we often find that we
need to avoid telling the truth tO avoid hurting
somebody's feelings.
Small lies (or ·white lies') to protect other people's
feelings are an everyday part oflife. When frieruis ask for
your opinion, they sometimes want reassurance, not
honest criticism. 'Do you like my new coat?' requires a
po~itiveanswer, even if you hate the coat. Most people
tell white lies like this all the time, without feeling guilty
or immoral.

It is true that there are people who refuse to lie, even if

telling the truth is unpopular. These people [Link]
their mind, no matter how insensitive other people might
find them. Theit' friends usually accept this as part of
Deir pc:rsonality, and may even admire ir.

In conclusion, I believe that for most of us, honesty is

the best policy when it comes to important matters.
However, white lies are a frequent and necessary part
of our social life.

•· (I Units
3 In pairs, brainstorm ideas for an essay with the 6 Read the phrases in the language box below and
same tille as the one in the model. Use these ideas find one which is used in lhe model answer.
to help you.
a attitudes 1owards lying and honesty: schools, e Introducing fa~ and op11Uons
paren1s, the law
Peopleoften find that ...
b situations when you might lie 10 pro1ec1
Somepooplebelieve ilia!.~.but othersinsist
...
somebody's feelings
c situa1ions when you might lie for 01her reasons
--
It is uue that ..
(e.g. 10 avoid an argumen1) It IS often said that ...
d situations when you should tell the muh, Nobodycould denytha:..:.:.:._
whatever the consequences It is sometimessuggestedthat ...
e possible nega1iveconsequences of 'while lies'

~ When giving differentpoints of [Link];

f your personal conclusion

4 Divide the ideas in 3 into four paragraphs, 'iii' insteaduseiml)tlrsonalphrasesUkethe ones the L1
following 1hesame pattern as in the model. language box.
• paragraph 1 a few in1roductory ideas
• paragraph 2 examples of when honesty may 7 Use the phrases in the language box to introduce
not always be the best policy some of the ideas you brainstormed in 3.
• paragraph 3 examples that support the Example It's sometimes suggested that it ·s
opposile side of the argument unacceptable to lie 10 a police officer.
• paragraph 4 a personal opinion to sum up
8 Write your answer to the essay question in I. Use
5 Decide in which paragraph or paragraphs of your your ideas and paragraph plan from 3 and 4, and
essay you might be able to use each of phrases a-k. useful phrases from S and 6.
a To sum up, .. .
b In addi1ion, .. .
c In conclusion, ...
d To begin ·,vith,"il is impor1ant to ...
e On the other band, ...
f Firstly, ii is worth considering
g I'd like 10 begin by ...
h Furthermore, ...
To summarise, then ...
j However, it could be argued that ...
k An example of this would be ...

Units (D ••
 Review
1 Complete sentences a-f with the most appropriate 6 Read the text and complete gaps 1-10 with words
of these verbs. formed from those below.
0 discover
begged boasted confessed insisteil
I collect
shouted whispered
2 examine
a 'I'm earning five times as much as my brother,' 3 appear
he __ _ 4 connect
b Tm afraid ['ve lost those keys,' he-·· s believable
c 'I've seen this film before,' she ____ in his ear. 6 follow
d 'My car is on fire!' she __ _ 7 science
e 'Please, please, stop singing!' he ...... 8 care
f 'I really will be on lime tomorrow,' he···········-·-··-·-·· 9 old
LO honest
2 Rewrite the sentences in 1 as reported speech.

3 Add negative prefixes to these words.

a ___ civilised e . sincere N 1912, a scientific (0) .._d{f!f!':ft..QL
...made
b accurate
c . _ ·-·· logicaI
d . _ . .. . probable
f
g
h
·- ... grateful
. tolerant
··-··· loyal
I newspaper headlines around the world. An
amateur fossil (1) ..................
,.........called Charles
Dawson took, a 500,000-year-old skull to a museum.
4 Use the words from 3, with or without the negative After a thorough (2) ......,,_..__..., ..,.,.of the skull, the
prefix, to complete these sentences. scientists told Dawson that it [Link] a kind
of ape that had (3) ···"·····-···~, .....".from the Earth
a I'm very ···-·······-·····
for the help you have given me. thousands of years earlier. It represented a missing
b The earliest attempts to measure the size of the
(4k .....w .... _.,..~,... .... , between modern humans and their
Earth were surprisingly ....-...... -......, given the lack
ape ancestors. It was an (5) .. ,.._ ...._,_.....~, important
of scientific instruments available at the time.
piece of the jigsaw and became known as
c My parents are very ___ - they don't let me 'Piltdown Man'.
play loud music!
d That dog was a ___ friend to me for 15 years. Dawson' told the scientists that he intended to
e It's ...............
to choose to go on a cruise to the collect more fossils ftom the same location. Over
Arctic and then complain about the cold weather. the (6) ...........................
few years, he took other bones
f I believed everything you told me because I to the museum and the scientists gave Plltdown
thought you were_ ........ -......... Man a (7) ..........
,..................
, name: Eoanthropus dawson.
g It's rather ...................
to wipe your nose on your sleeve.
However, in 1953, three scientists from the
h Cars are a .................
cause of climate change.
British museum re..examlned the bones
5 Complete sentences a-e with an appropriate word. (8) ...,.,..,...."'"'"'"'~and uncovered the truth: the bones
were a mixture of human and animal bones. They
a I'm going bungee jumping and nobody is going
had_been covered In a special substance to make
to talk me of it.
, them look (9) .................
·~··. than they really were.
b Martin Luther King Jr spoke against racism.
Plltdown Ma,n was a fake and Charles Dawson
c I think I've got the wrong ...................
of the stick. had been (10) ...........................
". about the fossils from
I thought you wanted to go out tonight?
the beginning!
d Please get to the __ - J haven't got all day!
e Have you talked your parents ....................
paying for
your holiday?

'e(D Unit5
 s
Lead in
1 Look at the photos. Say whether or not you would
enjoy these ways of travelling. Give reasons,
thinking about the following and your own ideas.
• scenery • comfort
• speed • company
2 In pairs think of as many reasons as you can why
people go on holiday. [Link] your ideas with
another pair.
3 In many countries people are taking longer, more
frequent and more expensive holidays than in
previous generations. Why do you think this is?
Think about
• work and pay • the Internet
• cost of travel • lifestyles and interests

Unit6 G ·•
 Reading Slovenianman:s 5, 265 km
Amazon swim
Part 1 Multiplechoice
1 Read the oewspaper headlines opposite. Discuss what problems
these people might have faced on their journeys, and which
you think was most difficult. Across the USA
2 Read the text opposite quickly to find out what journey David Cornthwai1e on a lawnmower
made. Think of a possible newspaper headline to describe it.
3 Match adjectives a-e with nouns 1-5, then check your answers
in the text, and explain what the phrases mean.
a epic 1 lorry British women
b articulated
c constant
2 vehicle
3 journey
reach Northand
d four-wheel drive 4 speech
South Poles on foot
e motivational 5 pain

4 Read the text again carefully and choose the best answers for 1-8.
Why did David Comthwaite decide co skateboard 5 During the journey, where did David sleep at night?
across Australia? A in a four-wheel drive vehicle
A He was an experienced skateboarder. B in a tent
B He wanted to break a world record. C outdoors on the Nullarbor Plain
C He was bored with l1is life and wanted D in the homes of his supporters
to try something different. 6 David fell off his skateboard because
D Somebody gave him a guidebook about Australia. A he was going too fast.
2 His preparation in Britain was B he was exhausted and in pain.
A successful, but painful. c he didn't see a hole in the road.
B successful, but more time-consuming than planned. O he was thinking about finishing his journey.
C successful, but more difficult than he bad realised. 7 Why does David think surfing is a good thing
D unsuccessful because he got injured. to do alter his journey?
3 What made David fall off his skateboard several A He can stay close to Brisbane.
times in Australia? B He's always wanted to surf on the Gold Coast.
A thunders1orms in the Outback C He wants to strengthen the top half ol his body.
B the trains that race across the Outback D He needs co keep his legs strong.
C the injuries on his feet 8 What does David hope to do eventually?
D the wind created by huge lorries going past A encourage other people to feel more
4 At times, David !ell as though he positive about themselves
A needed to stop for a while. B put his skateboard away
B wanted to give up completely. C return to work as a designer
C wanted to gee out of the sun. D persuade other people to make
n neenen a nPw pair of shoPs. long-distance journeys

5 Work in pairs. Role-play an interview with one of the people from the headlines in l.
include these questions and add your own .ideas.
a 'How do you feel, now that you've finished your epic journey?'
b 'What were the worst moments along the way?'
c 'Have you got any similar treks io mind for the future?'

•·· Unit6
 I
27-year-oldgraphicdesignerfrom Oxfordshire in :han a dozen tubes of factor 30 sunscreen. 'There have

A England completed a record-breakingjourney across

Australia yesterday. It was a 5,800 kilometre odyssey
- and he travelled the whole distance on a skateboard.
been moments where I thought "this Is ridiculous, I have
to rest", but I never contemplated giving up.' He nas worn 35
through 13 pair of shoes and has an over-develo;,edright
David Cornthwaite, who started skateboarding less than 5 -:alf muscle which he compares to 'a giant chicken fillet'.
two years ago, decided on his epic journey after waking up
one morning and realising he hated his job. ·1thought, the Skatingan averageof 50 kilometresa day and hitting
speeds of up to 50kph on downhill runs, he left Perth,
only thing keeping me going is the skate to and from work.
I was a bit disillusioned and I was looking for something Western Australia, and skated across the fearsome 40

new,' he said. ·1 saw [Link] Planet guide to Australia. 10

Nullarbor Plain into South Australia. After reaching
There was a map on the back. Perth was on one side and Adelaide he made his way to Melbourne and from there
Brisbane on the otner anel I thOugnt, ·tnarn ao·: to Sydney. A support team of seven people trailed him
all the way in a four-wheel drive vehicle, which included
H_edecidedto prepareby skateboarding from John camping equipment for night stops. The joorney has 45
O'Groats to Lands End: the two points furthest apart on smashed the previous record for a long-distance
the British mainland. That 1,442 kilometre trek, which he 15 skateboard, set by an American, Jack Smith, who
finished in June, took just over a month, during which an covered 4,800 kilometres across the US in 2003.
infected blister S'Nelledto the 'size of a tennis ball'.
DavidCornthwaitewas less than three kilometres from
CrossingAustraliaon a skateboardbrought unique the end of his epic journey when he hit a hole and was so
challenges. The wind caused by huge road trains, thrown off his skateboard, suffering cuts and brui3es
the articulated lorries that thunder across 20 to his shoulders, knees, hips and elbows. •I was only
the Outback, was so powerful that he going at 40km at the time, so although it wasn't pretty,
was sometimes blown off his board. but it could have been a lot worse,' he said.
Multiple blisters and aching ankles,
toes and feet, have kept htm in In the shortterm, he hqpes to spend the next few days 56
almost constant pain for the 2s surfing on tt-ie Gold Coast, south of Brisbane, tc-build up
last Six weeks. 'I feel like some much,needed upper body stren!lth. 'I've got huge
an old man. I'm not sure legs but a skinny body - it's a bit ridiculous. I need to give
that anyone has ever had my body a chance to warm down and surfing sounds ideal.
this many blisters,' he [Link] time being I'm hanging up my skateboard.' In the so
said. Temperatures of 30 longer term, he plans to give motivational speeches and
40°C and above mean write a book. Another long-distance journey is also on the
that he has used more cards. 'I'm certainly not going back to the day job,' he said.

Unit6 ·•
 Vocabulary Grammar
Trawl Modal Velbs; advice, ability,
prohibition and obligation
1 Decide whicb word in each of a-£ does not belong.
Say what connects the other three words. GRpt69-170
a platform check-in departure lounge customs
b hand luggage baggage overheadlocker suitcase
1 Choose the correct modaJ verb in sentencesa-g.

c sail wing cabin mast a 'You really could/must go to the Picasso museum
while you're in Barcelona - it's famastic!'
d bus driver Oigh1at1endam ticket inspector
propeller b 'I don't think you slwuld/must take the car. The
shops are only a few hundred metres away!'
e barge ferry hovercraft scooter
c You can't/mustn't lose your boarding pass. You
[ passport ticket ticket office visa
can't/mustn't board the plane without it.
2 Choose the correct verb in phrases a-f. d I think you ought w/may go by train - it's much
faster than the coach.
a to board/co mount a plane
e Martin should/could see the train pulling away
b to lift/to pick up a passenger
from the platform, but he can't/couldn't reach it
c to get onto/to get into a motorbike in time.
d to change/to move trains f You can't/mustn't drive when you're tired. It's
e to cancel/ro take away a flight dangerous.
f to get onto/to get into a car g To avoid risk of injury, passengers must/may
remain seated during take-off and landing.
3 Complete the email with words and phrases from 1
and 2 in the correct form. 2 Read the sentences in 1 again and answer
questions a-c.
a Which 1hree different modaJs can we use for
New Message
giving advice, and which is the most emphatic1
b Wl1ich modal do we use for obligation in i1s
affirmative form, and prohibition in its negative
What a terrible journey!! The taxi was late O pickinq form?
us .-!!IL-, so we got to the station two minutes c Which modal do we use to talk about ability in
before our train left. There was a queue at the the past and what is i1s present tense form?
,____ , so we went straight to the 2___ _
and got onto the train, which was just about to 3 Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. Take it in
[Link] we tried to buy a ticket from the turns to listen lo your partner's problems and give
3____ , we discovered that we were on the advice, using a variety of appropriate modal verbs.
wrong train. We had to get off at the next station
Use the ideas below or your own.
and 4____ trains, which is a nightmare when
you're carrying four large 5____ !
At the airport, we queued for an hour at 6___
to get our boarding pass and then we waited in the
_
A's problems
• need lO improve EnglisJ-L-new job tht(:Je
months' time
-·-
,..;;..

7____ for two hOursbecome being called to :: • argqed with friend - won't answer phone calls
the gate. Whenthey finally allowed us to 8___ _
the plane, I found that I'd been given a window seat, _ • heada~hesevery evening, especially using
even though I'd asked for an aisle seat. And to cap • computer or TV
it all, the plane sat on the runway for fifty minutes
because of a technical problem. B's problems
The end of the flight was just as bad. We landed • imerview next week - don't know anything
with a huge bump, the 9____
flew open, and my own ,o____
hit me on the shoulder.
above my seat
fell down and - about company
• friend's birthday - haven't got any money
• fancy dxess parly - Hollywoqd theme - can't
think what to wear

•· fDUnit6
~ WeonlyUSEtcoilldiotalk about generalabilityfo 6 Complete the text below using modal verbs in
~ the pa~. or IA°ith
verbs of perception([Link],etc.). the correct form. More than one answer may
Wedon't<useit fora single action:we normallyuse be possible.
managedto.

4 Read the tip box. Then find and correct two

examples in the text where could should be
managed to.

I stood on the beach and waved my arms,

shouting. Eventually, r could attract Harry's
attention and he steered the boat in our direcrion.
He couldn't come too close to the beach in case
the boat became grounded, so we waded out to
meet it. The waves were quite strong, and I could
see that Jacqui was nervous. I remembered that
Mark could swim, but Jacqui couldn't. I held her
arm as the water became deeper. When the boat
came alongside, I could grab hold of the ladder
and hold it steady while she climbed aboard.

5 Complete sentences a-f with must, mustn't, have/

has to or don'c have tO.
a You .............................
park there. It's for emergency
r
Travel
vehicles only.
b You ..............................
wear your seatbell during
the whole flight, but it's advisable to keep it
fastened while you're in your seat.
c Please note that·all passengers ....___ _ ou are no doubt aware of the negative
c_beck in at least 45 minutes before the
scheduled departure time.
Y impau whkh imt:rnatiunal trnvd ha~ un the
environment, but you may not realise how much
d There's no bus into town, so I always··---- you ' ......... do to minimise it. And you ' .........
walk or cycle.
give up travelling altogether - you ' ......... make
e People over 65 ..................................
pay to travel by bus
- it's free. a difference just by taking a few simple measures.
f These days, you ......___ smoke on any flight. Your efforts • ......... start even before leaving
home. You ' ...... leave TVs, hi..fis and other
electrical equ\pment on standby because that
wastes a surprising amount of electricity.

While on holiday, you • .. . .. . use public

transport when available, rather than hiring
a car. Ifyou'.re staying in ah<;>tel,remember
that yqu 7 .. ... . have clean towels every
day, you 8......... easily re-use them. And
of course, you absolutely• ......... avoid
buying souvenirs that are made from
endangered species.
 Listening
Part 1 Multiplechoice
1 Look at travel problems a-f and decide which 5 You hear a woman talking to a mechanic.
forms of transport they could apply to. What's the problem with her motorbike?
a The crossing was cancelled owing to bad A a damaged wheel and a flat tyre
weather. B a fiat tyre and a broken mirror
b We had a (iat tyre. C a broken mirror and a damaged wheel
c The driver got lost. 6 You hear a man and a woman talking in a car.
d We ran out of petrol. Why does the woman become angry?
e We missed our stop. A The man forgot to look at the map.
f We couldn't find our tickets. B The man won't stop the car to ask for
directions.
2 •) You will hear people talking in eight different C The traffic warden doesn't help them.
situations. Listen, and for questions 1-8 choose the 7 You hear a woman talking about her ho:ne town.
best answer (A, B or CJ. What has made travelling easier for her?
1 You hear two people talking about a party. A more taxis
Where are they? B cheaper bus fares
A in a taxi C cycle lanes
B on a bus 8 You hear a taxi driver talking to a passenger.
C in a car Why is there no petrol in the taxi?
2 You hear a woman buying a ticket. A There's a problem with the vehicle.
How many different forms of transport will she B The driver forgot to fill up with petrol.
need to use for her journey? C The petrol stations are all closed.
A lWO
B three 3 In pairs, take it in turns to find out about your
C four partner's worst travel experience. Use tl1ese ideas
3 You hear a man and a woman talking. to help you.
What are they looking at? • where they were going from and to
A a ferry • what time of year it was
B a big ship • who they were travelling with
C the sea • what form of transport they used
4 You hear a man at an airport. • how long the journey should have taken and
What is l1edoing? how long it actually took
A going through customs
B checking in
C going through passport control

,.., o 'I
..'
... '

~.I • • :: • I
-.-
...........
• I •
.... ..
I"'

•·· Unit6
 Speaking
Part 3
1 Look at the advertisements for trips and excursions from Cairo.
Decide which one
a probably takes the shortest time.
b probably involves sleeping in a tent.
c has the slowest form of transport.
d may include swimming in the sea.

2 •) Listen to five short dialogues and match them with the

advertisements. Which words gave you the answersl

DESERT 3 •) Listen again and match two of phrases a-j

a ... seems like the best option to me.
to each dialogue (1-5).
□

SAFARI ' ;
Two-dag campjng
b
c
d
If you ask me, I really think we should ...
Personally, I'm in favour of ...
Believe me, ...
D
D
D
excursion bg Jeep e !'m sure it will be worth ii. D
f Let's go for it. D
g ... don't you agree? D
h I'm really keen on the idea of ... D
But just think of the ... D
Oh, come on! D
4 In pairs, use phrases from 3 to talk about how enjoyable you think
each excursion might be, and why. Decide which one to go on.
5 Work in pairs, [Link] turns to be A and B, and do the following.
Student A: Think of two different excursions that you could go on
in your own country or region. Describe them to your partner. Say
• what you would see
• how you would travel
• how long the excursion would last
Student B: Say which one you would prefer to go on and why.

Unit6. ·•
 Use of English
Part 4 Key word transformations
1 For each of a-f, decide which of 2 Read the example. Then, for each of a-f, write a sentence with the
1-6 below can replace the words same meaning. Replace the word in bold with a word or phrase with
or phrases in bold. the opposite meaning, and make any other changes necessary.
a Please leave your mobile number Example Her parents won't buy her a car unless she
at reception so that passes her driving test.
we ea n cont act you in an passes - fails (unless - if)
emergency. Her parents won't buy her a car if she fails
b I couldn't remember if I'd left her driving test.
my key in my hotel room.
c This room does not look as if it a Passengers must not stand while the coach is moving.
bas been cleaned. b Phone me if you know that your flight won't be on time.
d The cafe is open all day, while c Travelling by bus is cheaper than traveUing by taxi.
the main restaurant only opens d The more expensive seats are more comfortable.
at meal times. e When there's a lot of traffic, the journey is slower.
e We may as well have breakfast, f The use of mobile phones is forbidden during the flight.
seeing that it's included
in the room rate. 3 Rewrite each sentence a-f keeping the meaning the same. Use two
to five words, including the word given.
f The hotel has a gymnasium and
a swimming pool. a If the flight is on time, we shou Id arrive at the hotel before 9pm.
provided
1 as though
We should get to the hotel by 9pm ___ _
2 as well as late.
3 in order that
b You might need to get a taxi, so take some money with you.
4 since
case
6

,,,,,, I
5 whereas
whether Take some money with you ....··-·····-·····-··----
a taxi.
____

c This year's holiday was less enjoyable than last year's.

fun
Last year's holiday _________
10 get

...............................
this year's .
. /'
d Travellers are not allowed to bring pets imo the UK unless they
have a 'pet visa'.
only
Travellers can _____________ into the UK if they
have a 'pet visa'.
e The journey was better than I'd expected.
bad
The journey ..........
_........................................................................
as I'd expected.
f That ferry seems to be leaning to one sjde.
though
That feITylooks _____ _ _ ____ to one side.

•·· Unit6
Vocabulary
ldioms with comeaJMIgo
1 Choose the correct verb to complete sentences a-h. Use a dictionary
to check your answers and make sure you understand the meaning of
the phrases in italics.
a I refused to pay the mechanic's bill in full because the work didn't
come/go up to scratch.
b She'd always loved Tom Cruise. so meeting him at the film premiere
was a dream tome/gonetrue.
c As far as rooms come/go,it was OK, but it was nothing special.
d When it comes/goesto sailing, I know almost nothing.
e I can get by in French and Spanish, although languages don't come/
go easily to me.
f My brother passed his driving test at the sixth attempt, which just
comes/goesto show that you should never give up!
g We had a flat tyre .just after we set off, and after that, the journey
came/went from bad co worse.
h I tried to think of a clever reply, but nothing came/went comind.
2 Read the text below, then rewrite the underlined parts (1·8) using
phrases from l.

As far as holidays are concerned (1) I usually choose

something cheap, so you can imagine my surprise
when my husband booked a cruise. Compared to
most cruise ships (2) ours was not panicular:y
large or luxurious, and we were disappointed that
there were no staff to help us with our luggage.
The situatjon· got even worse (3) however, wl1en
we finally found our accommodation. It was small,
badly furnished and dirty. What we thought of
first (4) was a prison cell, not a luxury cabin. Like
many people. J don't find it easy to comp)ain (5),
but on this occasion I had to say something because
the accomm0dation simply wasn'I satisfactorv (6).
Reluctantly. the staff agreed to move us to another,
slightly more comfortable cabin, which ~ (7)
that complaining can work. But some of the
i;assengers were heartbroken; they had been looking
forward to the holiday of a lifetime, but this cruise
was a nightmare rather than a really enjoyable
experience (8).

Unit6 fu ·•
 Writing
Part 1 An informal email
1 Read the emails below, and say in what order Maria answers Sonia's questions.

New Message

Send C~1 Alta<h Addr~ss FontS Colots SaveAs o,art

To:' Maria j
From: Sonia
•= • J Subject: Coming to stay
---------- -----------------···----
Dear Maria Yes. Sa'1 INWl.t.
Thanks for your kind invitation to come and stay with you. I'm going to take you up •/
on it! I'll be coming over in August for three weeks. Is there a lot to do in August?~
v ,__·t I'd like to bring a little present for your parents. Do they like chocolates? Anyway,
;::;;;;. to ~ugust at 11.30 a.m. What's the be~stway to get to your house?

bring MtAC.h. Love

Sonia la;<,,or b(.1..5to tow,. C-efltre ..

eoe --,,,
New Message o'
t\,;:_;.-
Sct14 Ch;u Anach Addtcss Fonts Colors SaveAs Draft
~-·--
To: Sonia
- J
From: Maria
~ Subject: RE: Coming to stay

Dear Sonia

I'm so glad to hear that you are finally coming to visit me! I'm dying to see you again.
It's so long since we last saw each other - it must have been three years ago when we
did that summer course. We had such a good time with Luis, Carl and the rest. I wonder
what they are all up to now? Have you kept in touch?

When it comes to entertainment, you've chosen a good month to visit. There's lots to
do. Make sure you bring your swimming gear. As for getting from the airport to our
house, you'd be best off taking a taxi, as you're less likely to get lost! However, if you
want something cheaper, there are frequent buses from outside terminal 2 to the town
centre. You can check out the bus times on the airport website.

Since you ask about presents, my parents both love chocolate and stuff like that
- although you really don't have to bring anything at all. Whatever you do, don't spend
loads of money, my parents wouldn't feel comfortable about that.

Love
Maria

"•• Unit6
 2 Read the bow to do it box and say which of the advice Maria has
followed and which she hasn't.

bow .;o o l,

.•
Begin by sayjng something abo1,1t the email you have received.

• Dividewhai,you want to say into different topics in separate paragraphs

Make sure you'veincluded all the informationrequired.
Don't ihclu(lear.y unnecessary information.
Check the numner of words you have written.

3 Find informal words or phrases in Maria's email that mean a-d.

a very keen to c things of that kind
b have a look at d a large amount of
4 Read the phrases in the language box and say which ones Maria bas used.

•• Expressions for gnnng advice

W)lateveryou do. don't ...
Make sure you ...
Besureto, ..
Youreally must ...
You'dbe best-off(+ -:ngform)

5 You have received an email from your English-speaking friend, Paula,

who is planning to visit you next month. Read her email and the notes
you have made. Then write an email reply in 120-150 words.

New Message

,) t:•~;1 ( ..i'~ ( ~,i, ~~ \.3

St,nd (;t-.-At Attach Addreu Fonts Colors s-,,wAs Draft

To: )
From: Paula
~

~- Subject: Visit

H'II.
&,ve [Link].
,nstrv<[Link] I'm really looking forward to seeing you next month. I've just booked
my flight. My plane gets in around 4pm, it normally takes about
an hour to go through immigration, customs, and so on, so I'll
probably get away from the airport around 5pm. What's the best
---1..- way to get to your house from there?
I'd like to go on a few trips while I'm there. What are the best pieces
to visit? How about coming with [Link] ~ome of the excursions? Are
~ you going to have much free time next month?------~
Suggest I'd better go and look for my passport now. By the way, as you know,
I'm starting my art degree next year, so I'd love to visit some museums
and galleries while I'm staying with you. Are there any near you?
Best wishes /
----------- No, be~se ...
Paula &,ve [Link]

Unit6 G) ·•
 4
Review Complete gaps 1-6 in the text with these words
and phrases.

1 Complete the sentences with words from the box. as thoug11 as wella~ since in orderlhat
whereas whether
bus driver visa ferry flight attendant
tickel hand luggage overhead Jockers scooter
a As well as a passport you'll also need a
---······- to enter many countries.
b Cars are not allowed on the ____ , but
you can take a bicycle or·········-··-·········
..-.._· •
c Please try 10 give the···········-····
...........
the correct
money for your ___ _
d When we got on the plane, the._.._....................
-.....told
us to store our----······ in the·--- r, we were particularly keen to see leopar<1,s on our
s,,f~rl. Elephants are quite common In this part
2 Choose the correct verb in sentences a-e. of Tanzania, (1) ·-·,· T ....., zebra and antelope,
a Our minibus seemed to stop every two minutes (2),...,._~f., leopards are comp'l,l'atJvelyrare. (3)
to board/pick up more passengers. leopards are nocturnal, it was recommended that we
b Is it a direct service, or do I need to change/pick go out In the Jeep at night. We set off at dusk, and after
up trains in Boston? two hours without any luck 1 it really felt (4) ...~.;;,•... the
c Ignoring the crowd of journalists, the minister excursion was going to be a waste of time. Then
got into/got onto his car and drove off. suddenlY, we heard some movement in the bushes.
The driver turned off the engloe (5) ..~.1-.;:J".the noise
d It was impossible to leave New York by air that
wouldn't frighten the animals away, and we waited to
night; the snow meant that all flights had been
fin<I out (6)..,. ,.f....,...., our dreams of seeing.a leopard were
canceUed;changed. 1
finally going to come true. And then, with a low growl, a
e Passengers must wait in the departure lounge leopardess aDd her two cubs stepped into the clearing.
until it is time to board/geeinto the flight.
5 Complete the second sentence so U1atit has a
3 Rewrite sentences a-h to include an appropriate similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
modal verb. Do not change the meaning of the word given. You must use between two and five
sentences. words, including the word given.
a It's essential for you to wear a helmet when a The hotel room really wasn't satisfactory.
you're riding a motorbike.
scratch
b From our first floor apartment, we were able
The hotel room really ...........................
scratch.
to hear noises in the street below.
c It was impossible for us to reach the airport b It was a bumpy flight, and things got even
in time. worse after we'd landed.
d Is it OK for me to have a seat by the aisle? bad
e I advise you not to drink the tap water when It was a bumpy flight, and things ..................
-.....
-. to
you're staying in a hotel. worse after we'd landed.
f It isn't necessary for you to tell me, I already c When my parents asked what I wanted for my
know where you've been! birthday, I couldn't think of anything.
g Only seven students were able to finish Lhe came
exam within the time allowed. When my parents asked what I wanted for my
h I recommend that she visits the Guggenheim birthday, .........
--- mind.
museum while she's in Bilbao. d My sister is not bad at tennis, although she
doesn't find ball games easy.
easily
My sister is not bad at tennis, although ball
games ____ to her .

•• Unit6
Lead in
1 In pairs, discuss which of these forms
of communication you use, when you
use them and who you communicate
with.
a email e phone
b letter f video chat
c postcard g instant messaging
d text message h cbatroom
2 Discuss these questions.
a Are each of a-h in l generally
more popular with older or
younger people? Why?
b What are the advantages and
disadvantages of a-h in I?
Think about
• cost
• speed
• convenience
• degree of formality
• the situation (e.g. personal ~
or business) -().[Link]
c Which of a-h in 1 will become
more popular in the future, 5entMa_H~
and which less popular, in your
opinion? Why? t)alete<iMe'S~
Qraf*'

Unit7 G) ·•
 Reading
Part 3 Multiple matching
to, having a range of different forms of communication
1 Imagine you are lost in a ur fingertips 24 hours a day: mobile phones, email, Instant
remote place and need to signal messaging ., .. But Imagine a situation In which you are alone In
for help to passing aircraft. the wlldem'ess, hoping to be rescued, with no way of calllng for help. Would
Explain how these items 5 you know how to communicate with your potential rescuers? Take a few
might be useful. minutes to learn Oe codes - they might Just save your life!

a SMOKE SIGNALS
During the hours of darkness, fires are the most effective method of signalling.
Three fires in a triangle are an international distress signal which pilots and
rescue workers everywhere wlll understand. If you are in a jungle or forest,
10 try to find a clearing, otherwise the fires will not be visible from the air. A
burning tree is another way of attracting attention. Always select an Isolated
tree so that you do not start a forest fire! During the day, fires are also a
good way of signalllng, provided that they are producing a lot of smoke. The
International distress signal Is three columns of smoke. Think about what
1s colour the smoke should be In order to stand out against the background.
Adding green vegetation to the fire produces white smoke; adding rubber
(for example, an old tyre) or clothing soaked in oil produces black smoke.

2 Read the text opposite about

emergency signals to check
your ideas from 1. Explain the
'obvious reason' mentioned in
the final sentence.

•·· Unit7
 3 Read the text again carefully.
For questions 1-15, choose from
the sections A-O. The sections
may be chosen more than once.
Which section mentions a
signal which
l should be made only briefly?
2 is the best one to use at
night?
3 should be in a different
colour according to th~
situation?
4 ea n only be used when an
aircraft is very close?
5 does not require any
l3 MIRROR SIGNALS equipment or materials?
6 could cause widespread
On a bright, sunny day, the most effective method of signalling is a mirror.
In fact, pilots have reported seeing mirror flashes up to 160 kilometres
damage if you chose the
20 away. If you do not have a mirror, any shiny metal surface may work. Aim
wrong place?
the mirror by holding up one finger of your other hand in line with the 7 could be made with a large
aircraft. If you can hear an aircraft but can't see it because of cloud, shine
piece of material?
the mirror In the direction of the noise. Two words of caution, however. 8 can potentially be seen from
Firstly, do not shine the mirror at the aircraft's cockpit for more than a few very great distances?
25 seconds, as it might temporarily blind the pilot, which is not what you want 9 might use parts of a tree to
if you are hOplng to be spotted. And secondly, if you are in a war zone, do make shapes and letters?
not flash the mirror rapidly towards the aircraft or the pilot may mistake the 10 might involve burning
signal for gunfire and avoid the area - or worse, return fire! leaves?
11 can be used to ask for a
D LONG [Link]-TO-AIR SIGNALS message to be repeated?
12 can be used to request
Once you have been seen by an aircraft, it may be necessary to exchange specific items?
ao vital Information without the use of a radio. For this reason, internationally
13 could be mistaken for an
understood signals exist for ground-to-air and air-to-ground communication. attack?
The person on the ground can create the symbols by any means possible
14 may work even if the sky is
- leaves, branches, gaps in the snow, patterns on the sand - provided they
not clear?
are large enough to be seen from the air. This usually means at least three
15 involves an aircraft moving
35 metres long and a metre wide. A single line means 'serious injury, doctor
in a particular direction?
required', while two capital Ls mean 'all is well'. If you have a piece of cloth
big enough, such as a sail or life-raft cover, you can fold It Into various 4 In pairs, discuss the best way
patterns to give information. Folding one corner means 'we need fuel, but of making SOS signals in these
our plane is flyable'. Folding two corners means 'we need warm clothing·. different places.
• a rainforest
l:JBODY SIGNALS AND PILOT'S REPLIES • a desert
40 When tile aircraft is sufficiently low for the pilot to see you clearly, use • a mountain range
body movements to convey a message. Raising both hands above your • a grassy plain
head means 'pick us up' if you keep them still, or 'do not attempt to land
here' if you move your hands to the side In an arc. If the pilot has seen and
understood your signal, he or she will make the aircraft rock from side to
45 side so the wings go up and down. If, however, the message has been seen
but not understood, the aircraft will fly In a clockwise circle overhead. For
obvious reasons, there Is no sign al which means 'message not seen'!

Unit7 G ••
 Vocabulary Grammar
The verb get Pamves GR pt70-171

A geris a vetycollln'lOnvelb. 1 Read the newspaper article about mobile phone crime, then complete
the text beneath it with active verbs instead of passives.
~- es))ecially
ln [Link]-
has a numberof meaningsand iS-
[Link])l preposi\ionsand particles
to form many phrasalverbs.

1 In three minutes think of as

many meanings as you can
for the verb get. Compare your
answers in pairs, then check
in a dictionary.

2 Match 1-7 below with the

meanings oi get in sentences
a-g.
a I don't get that joke.
b In Iceland it doesn't get dark
until about 11 or 12 o'clock
in the summer.
c I got a 'B' in my maths exam.
d She always gets hay fever in
the summer.
e I ean never get my younger
Theft of mobiles
daughter to eat any fruit.
f What tiroe did you get here?
on the increase
on mobile phone crime in Britain is being
g We're getting a new washing
machine next week.
A NATIONWIDE CRACKDOWN
carried out by police. A police spokesperson said it was believed
that 50% of all street crime involved the theft of a mobile phone. Over
73,000 mobile phones are thought to have been stolen in Britain last
suffer from (an illness)
year - that's 200 ~ day. Many of them are exported by gangs to Europe,
2 understand Asia and Africa. Stolen phones can be blocked by the phOnenetworks for
3 make (someone do use in Britain, but SIM cards can easily be replaced by thieves to make
something) phones usable abroad. The spokesperson added that an international
4 achieved database will be set up by the phone companies to make all stolen
5 become handsets useless, whatever their destination.
6 arrive
7 buy
Police (1) ___ ............
a nationwide crackdown on mobile phone
crime in Britain. A police spokesperson said they (2) ·-..........................
that
50% of all street crime involved the theft of a mobile phone. Police
(3) .............
___ that over 73,000 mobile phones were stolen in Britain
last year - that's 200 a day. Gangs (4) .......
___ many of them to
Europe, Asia and Africa. The phone oetworks (S) ______ stolen
pbones for use in Britain, but the thieves can easily (6) ........
__ _
SIM cards to make phones usable abroad. The spokesperson added
that the phooe companies (7) ____ an international database
to make all stolen handsets useless, whatever their destination .

••• Urut7
2 Complete these extracts from radio reports using
the correct verbs in the passive form.
hold arrest discover
_...
.............
5 Rewrite sentences a-fin the passive, as in the
example.
Exampl~ In the past people thought that
swimming in the sea was bad for you.
ln the past it was thought that
'A man 1..................
by police last night after he swimming in the sea was bad for you.
2...._..........
shoplifting in a local store. Several In the past swimming in the sea was
thousand pounds' worth of jewellery 3....................
in thought to be bad for you.
his pockets. He 4······-·····-·in police custody until a Someone reported that a coach collided with a
he appears in court tomorrow.' lorry on the motorway last night.
b They thought the politician was telling the
convict fine find stop truth.
c People believe the police have arrested the
wrong man.
·earl Hancock, a retired doctor, s······-········
£500 d They expect tbat Mary will pass all her exams.
after o-··-·········of drunken driving. Mis car e People consider that he is one of the finest
7___ by police officers on the motorway and writers alive.
he s ................
to have 150 milligrammes of alcohol f They believe that the woman was driving too
in his blood, almost twice tbe legal limit.' fast when she crashed into the tree.

6 Read sentences 1 and 2 below and answer these

3 Find examples of subject + modal verb + passive questions.
infinitive in the article in 1. Then complete a-f using
a How many objects does owehave in sentence
the passive infinitive and the words in brackets.
I? Which is the direct object and which is the
a This film ...........
___ (can/see) at cinemas all indirect object?
over the country. b In sentence 2, which object becomes the subject
b In Japan, shoes ___ ......(must not/wear) in of the passive verb: the direct object, or the
the house. indirect object?
c The new football stadium ··--·· ................(should/ 1 My brother owes me £50.
complete) betore 2012.
2 I'm owed £50 by my brother.
d The 9/11 terrorists ____ (should never/
be allowed) onto the planes. 7 Make sentences a-e passive as in the example.
e John F Kennedy ____ (might not/kill) Include th·e agent, thinking carefully about its best
by Lee Harvey Oswald. position in the sentence.
f Look at the postmark. This Jetter Example My boss offered me a promotion at work.
(must/post) in London.
I was offered a promotion at work by
my boss.
4 Find examples of these structures in the anicle in I.
a It + passive + that clause a Mr Fielding teaches us English.
b subject + passive + infinitive b The online store will send me a receipt in
the post.
c The kidnappers have given him two days
to pay the ransom.
d My wife read the children a bedtime story.
e Her secretary brought her two letters to sign.

Unrt7 G ••
 Listening Speaking
T
Part 3 Multiplematching Part 3 and 4
1 ~ You will hear five people talking about 1 What would be the advantages of doing a language
misunderstandings. Match the speakers with course in an English-speaking country, rather
misunderstandings A-F. There is one extra letter. than in your own country? Would there be any
Speaker I disadvantages?
Speaker 2 2 Look at the adverts for a language school that
Speaker 3 wants to attract 14-16-year-olds to its summer
Speaker 4 courses. Discuss these questions.
Speaker S a How successful would the advertisements be?
A went to the wrong meeting place b Which two would attract more students?
B gave someone the wrong information
C misheard directions to a place 3 •$ Listen to two students doing a Part 4 task. Tick
the questions the examiner asks and say which
D misunderstood some instructions
candidate gives better answers.
E misunderstood an invitation
a Would you Jike to rake a course at The Regal
F went to a meeting they weren't invited to
Language School?
2 •) Complete sentences a-f from the recording with b What are the advanrages and disadvantages of
the correct phrasal verb, then Usten again and studying English abroad?
check your answers. c What are the advantages and disadvantages of
a So we ___ ....,....off and I didn't bother to having an English teacher who cannot speak
check where we were going on rhe map. your own language?
b We got hopelessly lost because I'd ........ __ _ d Why do you think it's important to study
down the wrong road. foreign languages?
c What was a problem was that Becky didn't 4 Read the how to do it box. Then work in groups
............................
up. of three and follow rhese instructions .
d It .................................
out th'3t they needed to discuss
what projects they were going to give me! STUDt::NTA: You are the examiner. Ask some of
e He said they usually ___ ..,.......together with a the questions in 3. lfse the phrases m tl1e . box
set of old friends from university, but why didn't to in,_volvebo!h Stucl~tf's a,nd Oin the [Link].
we ..............................
round for a drink. ~eep tbe discussio11going for abont.J!1,ree:.rninutes.
f There was a big sales conference ____ ,, up.

3 In pairs, tell each other about a misunderstanding STUDE~TSB and C: YoLtare the candidates. Answer
tbe questfons. Give reasons for your opinioq§,.
that you have been involved in. Use the phrases
below to help you.
• I was under the impression that ... bow ,.
• I thought that ... but in fact ... Listen to the examiner'squestions.
• Naturally I assumed that ... e Ask forrepetitionif necessary.
• It turned out that ... • Givea,[Link].
• It was so embarrassing.
• I was horrified.
• I felt awful.
• I felt such a fool.
• We had a good laugh about it.

•·· Unit?
Unit7 f> ·•
 Use of English
Part 1 Multiple-choicecloze
1 Rewrite sentences a-g replacing the underlined
words with the correct form of these phrasal verbs.
Use your dictionary if necessary.
I
get at get down get in get on get out of
g~ h ~6ug!1 gt?Jup to
a How did you fill2il1going to that dreadful party?
b What page have you reached in the book you're
reading?
c We've .[Link]:l
arrived.
six litres of milk since your parents

d Give me a break, will you? You're always

criticising me.
-E
J
-
mall is a wonderful ....,.~··.. (9) ot communication.
It's easy, It's fast - but sometimes just one little
click of the 'send' button can spell disaster.
e What really depresses me about winter is the
long cold evenings. How many times have emails peen sent to the
f What time does your flight~? ..........
(1) person, or to several people..... ......(2) Just
g 'Grandad's getting very forgetful.' 'Well, he's one person? Dave Gethlngs got, ............(3) trouble when
growing [Link]'t he?' he replied to a birthday Invitation. He emailed back a.
joking, but extremely rude reply, not only to his f'rlend,
2 Quickly read the text opposite, ignoring the gaps. but also to his manager, the secretaries, directors -
Has anything similar to the incidents described to .. .. .. , (4) In the company, in fact.
ever happened to 1•ouor someone you know?
There are other cases of people forwarding
emails•-·•· ..---... (5) purpose. Lawyer Richard Phillips
emailed his secretary __ .......(6) her that she had spilt
tomato ketchup on his trousers at lunch and asking
her to pay the dry-cleaning bill for the•-·•-···~· (7) of
£4. This email, which was passed around many other
law firms, was answered with a stinging reply by his
secretary, which also went round the legal world and
---, even., .•.,....,.:!-.. (8) it into the national news! With the
resulting publicity, Mr Phillips was so embarrassed
at •• •.•.,..(9) people considered to be his meanness
that he left his job .

-. .....
•

.. -•.:::.;i
Joseph Dobbie said that he wasn't embarrassed when
his email was .......
•-·-·· (10) around the world, but he
did have to change his telephone numbers. He had
'
_ .......
..... .. 4 ..
sent a romantic email to a woman called Kate, who he
had met at a party. She had sent it to her sister, who
forwarded It to friends, who then forwarded it to more
.....
_.........
friends. In the end he was getting.,._ ....... (11) from
..-.:
:: ::::.:.F
people as~. ... .. (12) away as Australia and the US!

-
.........
1•--··· SoJ before we send our next email, perhaps we should
stop and think ...
•e e .,., I •

IP
,:• •
•~-:.: !
=...:~~·· ,.........
=-• ·-··
I I _
0
41

•·· Unit7
3 Read the how to do ii box. Then read the text
again carefully and for 1-12 decide which answer Vocabulary
(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
verbs
Piln'ru:cal
how
Read the text quickly,ignoringthe gaps, to get 1 Decide which verbs are more appropriate in these
sentences - the phrasal verbs or the more formal

••
the generalmeaning.
Read the [Link],and foreach gap, think equivalents.

• of a possible answer beforelookingat the option.

Try each option in the gap beforedeciding.
a Please note that candidates may not leave out/
omit more than two questions.
b Did you read about that guy who stole loads
0 A way 7 A sum of library books? They should lock him up/
imprison him when they get him.
@means B amount
C Come on mum. Speed up/Accelerate a bit or
C model C money we'll never get there.
D result D quantity d Further to our recent telephone conversation, I
l A mistaken 8 A did am sending back/returning the faulty camera in
question and asking {01/requesting a full refund.
B false B got
e Hang on, I need to work out/calculate how much
C bad C made money this is going to cost me!
D wrong D took [ Guests are kindly requested to get out of/vacate
their rooms by 11 a.m. on the day of departure.
2 A rather 9 A what
B other than B that 2 Read sentences 1-4 below, then do the following.
C in place of C why a Match the phrasal verbs in brackets with a verb
D instead of D which it can replace in the sentence.
b Rewrite each sentence using the phrasal verbs.
3 A to 10 A recycled
B at B circled 1 I'd love to discover why Jack rejected the offer of
a free holiday with me, so try to raise the topic
C into C circulated
when you speak to bim! (bring up, find out,
D up to D cycled tum down)
4 A anyone 11 A calls 2 We departed early in u1e morning, but we
[Link] heavy traffic on the motorway,
B everyone 8 rings
which really delayed us. (hold up, run into,
C someone C talks set om
D all D phones 3 Wait a minute. Are you saying that you
submitted the application form without
5 A for 12 A long
completing your name and address? (fill in,
B on B distant hang on, send in)
C to C remote 4 My brother didn't confess to breaking the
D in D far window - instead he invented some story about
two men throwing a brick then escaping on
6 A writing a motorbike. (own up, make off. make up)
R saying
C telling
D replying
--~
-
dtt:;;

Unit7 GI)••
 Writ· g
Part 1 An informal email
1 Is there anyone you have lost touch with who you'd like to meet up with again?
How could you get in touch with them?

Read the email from Patricia and number the paragraphs of Sophie's reply below
in the correct order.

60® New Message C)

To: Sophie
From: Patricia
e• Subject: Friends Forever

Dear Sophie, Yes!1 re,,,,eivber

...
Saw your name on the Friends Foreverwebsite. Do you remembef"me - Pat Nichols _/
from college?
~ What have you been up to since we last saw each other?
/ I'll be in London next month from the 20th to 25th. Any chance of meeting up?
Tell her. If so, let me know when and where. ~

Best wishes ------- ----

Patricia Nichols Ask for rews of her. [Link].

eoo C)

To: Patricia
From: Sophie
=• Subject: RE: Friends Forever

Dear Pat,
0 So much has happened since we last met - I hardly know where to start. After
leaving school I spent a couple of years abroad, doing a bit of voluntary work
and teaching English in Peru. That's where I met my husband, Fernando. Anyway,
we came back about two years ago. Fernando teaches Spanish at a local college.
0 Can't wait to see you again! Email again soon with your news and bring me up to date.
D Thanks so much for your email. Yes, I do remember you I We used to be really
good mates, didn't we, when we were at school?
0 It would be really great to see you again! I can easily get down to London while
you're there. The 23rd would be best for me. Why don't we meet up for dinner?
Love
Sophie

••• Urut7
 Find examples in Sophie's email of these features
of informal language.
a phrasal verbs
b contractions
c informal expressions
d short sentences
e frequent use of exclamation marks
f omission of the subject pronoun

4 Rewrite the paragraph below, using the features

mentioned in 3. You may need to replace a word,
add something, or delete something.

I received your email about two days ago. I am glad 6 You have just received this email from an o'.d
that you are enjoying yourself, but I was sorry to hear lriend that you haven't seen for a while. Write a
that they rejected your applica11onto go to university. reply (120-150 words) followins the paragraph
What a shame. When will you discover if you can plan below.
study at another university instead? Anyway, please,
please reply soon and I hope to see you again before New Message C)

too long. (' ,;,

-
... nd Chat

To:
----
Att3Ch Addrus Fonu Colors [Link]
----
c:- Add phrases a-f to the language boxes, then check
your answers in Sophie's email. From:
a Keep in touch
b Thanks so much for your ...
;; . Subject: Hello

c Love/Lois of love
Do you remember me? I used to be In
d It was a nice surprise 10 get your ... the same class as you at school, but I
e Take care •• / moved away.
t Email agam soon. Y'1s! 1
reMeMber... It's ages since we last saw each
other. What have you been doing
• Reacting to the [Link] since we last met? "--._ Tell her.
Great fo bear frOln you. • Can we meet up again? It would be
great to see you. Any time next week
Yes./ would suit me.
SWJqest. Hope to see you soon and catch up
on all your news. ~

Ask for news

of yow- fr,er.d-.

Paragraph 1 say you remember him/her, and

where and when
Paragraph 2 say what you have been doing since
you last saw each other
Paragraph 3 invite your friend to your house for
a meal
Paragraph 4 ask for his/her news

Umt7 0 ••
 Review 3 Match phrasal verbs a-f with their more formal
equivalents 1-6.
a work out 1 invent
1 Rewrite sentences a-g using another verb to
replace get. b set off 2 confess
C turn down '~ accelerate
a I couldn't get the shop to give me a refund.
d make up 4 reject
b Tom's very lucky - he never gets coughs or
colds. e own up 5 calculate
c I really don't get the point of wbat you're f speed up 6 depart
saying.
4 Complete the sentences with an appropriate verb
d The ship got smaller and smaller before
from 3.
disappearing over the horizon.
a L can't ____ .........
the answers to any of these
e What time did you get home last night?
maths questions!
f Sam got the highest possible score in his music
b We didn't want to go to the cinema, so we
exam.
.....................................
an excuse.
g When did you get that digital camera?
c In order to escape the ean11·s gravity, a
rocket needs to ___ ...........
to approximately
2 Complete the phrasal verbs with geein sentences a-g.
11 kilometres per second.
a His father insisted that Robert did his homework
d we ___ ............really early to avoid the rush ..
before dinner. He couldn't get ................ - ..............
it.
hour traffic.
b It really gets me ................................
when you don't do
e Jason ............. ___ my invitation to our house ..
your share of the housework.
warming party.
c My dad's getting ................................
He's nearly
f Come on! .....................................
! Who put salt in my tea?
seventy.
d In the last lesson we got ..... ,..,_...................
page 34 of 5 Complete each gap 1-8 in this email with an
the Student's Book. appropriate word.
e We got .........................
_ six packets of crisps while
we were watching the film. New Message C>
f Stop getting .................................
your brother. It isn't fair
10 criticise him like that all the time. To:
-==========-
g The train got ..................................
ten minutes late so I From:
missed IIIYconnection. =•1 Subjeer: Hello

Hi Sue,
Thanks so 1____ for your email. Yes,
12 remember you! We 3..............................
.
to be next-door neighbours, didn't we? A lot
has happened 4____ we last met,
10 years ago.
Why don't we meet 5...____ somewhere
and have lunch? One day next week 6...........
---
be best for me.
I7 wait to see you again. Write
again soon with more news and bring me
s .................................
to date.
Love
Tania

••• Unit7
A ma~r
-
of tas~~-
Lead in
1 •~ Listen to five people describing how to make a dish
from their country. Match the speakers with the photos
and say which countries you think the dishes are from.
Speaker Photo

Imagine you are In a restaurant In

your country with a foreign visitor.
Choose two national dishes to
recommend and describe them.
Say
• if it's a savoury dish or
a sweet dish
• when you eat it
• what the main
ingredients are and
how it's cooked.

In pairs, discuss the

following.
a Is It very Important
to you what you eat?
What foods do you
particularly enjoy eating?
b What foods do you dislike?
What is it about them you don't
like? Think about taste, smell,
texture and appearance,
c Do you enjoy cooking? Why/
Why not?
Reading
Part 2 Gapped text
1 What kind of restaurants do you prefer eating in? Why?
2 Read the text opposite quickly, ignoring the gaps, to find out what is
unusual about the two restaurants described. Then explain wl:tatis
happening in the photo at the bottom right of the page.
3 Read the text again carefully and the how to do it box, then match
sentences A-H with gaps 1-7. There is one extra sentence.
A He believes that your sense of taste is intensified if you are not
distracted by what you can see.
B He, after all, was the one who brought us snail porridge and bacon
ice-cream.
C They want their guests to concentrate solely on the food that is in
front of them.
D The first does so by excluding other sensory input altogether.
E On the other hand, it must be a very strange experience for diners.
F The seafood dish looks like a picture of the seashore.
G Then you are led to your table in the pitch-black diniog room by
a blind waiter.
H Some critics claim that diners will lose out on the social side
of dining.

A how todoit
',:J Read the text quicklyto get the generalidea.
e Lookforlinks with grammar and vocabularybefore
• and after each gap ana ill the sentences.
• Fill the easiest gaps first.
0 Try the extra sentence in each gap again.
Read the text again, checkingyour answers.
4 Discuss the question in the final sentence of the text, giving reasons.
The Great
aSre ensation
'->"
g-/eston Blumenthal,chef and owner of the famous
J-,./ restaurant 'The Fat Duck' near London, has long
been renowned for his adventurous menus and experimental
cooking. But even his most extraordinary dishes will
seem dull and ordinary compared with his latest creation - 35
seafood served with an iPod.
No, diners will not be expected to eat the musi:: player, but
instead to listen to the noise of crashing waves as they eat.
The dish, entitled 'Sound Of The Sea·, will be part of the
tasting menu at the three-Michelin-starred restaurant. 40
I: is presented on a glass-topped wooden box containing
sand and seashells, and consists of what looks like
sand but is in fact a mixture of fried breadcrumbs, fried
baby eels and oil, topped with different kinds of seafood,
oysters and three kinds of edible seaweed, all arranged 45
beautifully. The final touch - resulting from Blumenthal's
experiments exploring the relationship between sound and
the experience of eating - will be the iPod, so that diners
can listen to the sound of the sea while they eat.

Blumenthal strongly believes that the sound of the waves so

intensifies the taste experience of eating seafood. 'I did a
series of tests with Dr Charles Spence at Oxfo•d University
three years ago,' he said, 'which revealed tha: sound can
really enhance the sense of taste. We ate an oyster while
listening to the sea and it tasted stronger and saltier, -,
f:>rexample.'
Both of these restaurants seek to intensify the sensation
of taste while·you are eating. The second does so
by adding to it. So which eating experience would appeal
more to your senses? so

Unit8. ·•
Vocabulary Grammar
Food Speculating about the present and
past GR p170-171
1 Say whether these adjectives are positive, negative
or neutral, depending on the context.
1 Read sentences 1-6 and do the following.
bitter chewy crunchy fatty greasy mild a Underline the modal verb in each of 1-6.
plain rich salty spicy stodgy sweet b Match the meanings of the modal verbs with
tasteless tasty tender these phrases.
• I'm sure it's true that .. .
2 Decide which adjectives from 1 you would use to • It's possibly true that .. .
describe these foods and drinl.<s. • I'm sure it isn't true that ...
c Say which refer to the present, and which to the
cuxry olives ice-cream fried chicken past.
~lt:ak lJuilt:[Link]: <.:uff1::1:: 1 That fish can't be cooked yet. It's only been
under the grill for two minutes.
3 Match the methods of cooking with pictures 1-7. 2 This meat is a bit dry and chewy. The chef must
Give an example of one kind of food that is often have overcooked it.
prepared in each way. 3 There were three tins of olives in the cupboard.
fried boiled roast grilled barbecued We can't have eaten them all, can we?
baked stewed 4 Don't take the chicken out of the freezer yet. We
might be eating out tonight if I can book a table.
5 You haven't eaten a thing since yesterday
lunchtime. You must be starving.
6 I feel really ill. I think I might have eaten
something that disagreed with me.
2 Rewrite sentences a-e using must, might or can't, 5 Look at the photos. Speculate about them using
as in the example. must (have), might (have) and can't (have), as in
Example l'm sure you are joking. the example.
You must be joking. Example He must be hungry.

a It's possible that he'll give you a ring this evening.

b I'm sure Patricia isn't wearing her scarf. I saw it
banging on the hook on the back door.
c I'm certain that James has got my mobile. I let
him use it to call his sister this morning.
d I'm sure that isn't Jim over there. His hair isn't
as long as that.
e I can possibly give you a hand with the cooking
if I get home in good time.

3 Think of appropriate replies to these sentences

using must, might or can't.
a I feel hot and I've got a headache.
b I've just seen a ghost.
c I'm eating at a really expensive restaurant this
evening.
d My best friend has just been given the sack.
e I had an argument with my best friend last nigh!.
f I've had enough. I'm going to live on a desert
island.

4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box

in the correct form. Use must have, mig/11have,
and can't have.

be eat invent leave spend

spill stir write down

Example Even the cat didn't eat the fish. It !lllifil

have been bad.
a His breath smells awful. He··-········-··· a lot of
garlic last night.
b This sauce has gone all lumpy. I_ it
properly.
c Beer ·············-··
in Iran about 7,000 years ago, but
nobody's quite sure.
d Whal a fantastic spread. You ·········-···- ages
preparing all this food.
e 'Where are my keys?' 'You-··-·····-····· them in the
restaurant, or possibly in the car:
I didn't order tomato soup. The waiter·······-····""·"
the order correctly.
g 'There's a horrible stain on my new shirt.
I ·······-··-·······
some food on it.'

Unit8 G) ••
 Listening Speaking
Part 3 Multiple matching Parts 3 and 4
1 Jn pairs, tell each other about the last time 1 Look at the pictures of different restaurants and
you ate out. Say match this description to one of them.
• who you went with and why Example It looks very traditional and formal. I
• what you ate expect the food is dear, possibly over-
• what the restaurant and food were like priced. I expect it's quite quiet, too.
• whether you'd recommend the restaurant
to a friend 2 In pairs take it in turns to describe one of the
restaurants using the words below to help you. Your
hOWtodoit partner should guess which one you are describing.
Beforeyoulisten, read options A-F carefully.
boring cramped dear exciting format
• As you listen, answer as many of the questions as
• youcan. friendly value for money informal lively
'e When youlisten again, concentrate on the answers noisy overpriced quiet romantic
e you are ieast certain of.
traditional trendy
2 •) You will hear five people talking about a
problem they had when eating out. Read the How 3 •) Listen to two people discussing where to eat.
to do it box, then match the speakers with the Do t11eymanage to come to an agreement?
problems A-F. There is one extra letter. 4 •) Listen again and number sentences a-h in the
order you hear them.
Speaker I
a Can't we go somewhere more upmarket? ..............................
.
Speaker 2 b Gianni's is OK but it's a bit too quiet. ........................
.
Speaker 3 c I don'! fancy an Indian. ..........................
.
d I expect the food's a bit basic ..............................
.
Speaker 4 ..
e I'd prefer somewhere quieter .................................
.
Speakers f I'm not that keen on Chinese fuutl. ___ _
g It looks very noisy. ___ _
A ate in a different restaurant from the one they'd h The service is terrible. __ _
booked
B had to wait a while for a table 5 In pairs, imagine that you are planning a meal out
C ended up cooking at home with friends to celebrate the end of your exams.
D booked a table but couldn't find the restaurant Discuss how suitable each of the restaurants shown
might be and decide which one to go to.
E ended up eating a takeaway
F had to wait a while for the food 6 Work in groups of three and do the following.
3 Tell a partner about any bad experiences you've • Student 1: ask Students 2 and 3 question a) below.
had when eating out. Think about Students 2 and 3 answer, giving reasons.
• booking a table • Student 2: ask Students l and 3 question b), etc.
• finding a restaurant a In your country, what are ihe most popular 1ypes
• arrangements to meet of foreign food? Which do you prefer? Why?
• food b Are takeaways popular in your coun1ry? Why?
• service What sort in particular?
c Have you ever worked in a restaurantl lf so,
what was it like? If not, would you like to?
Why?/Why not?

•·· Unit8
Unit8 G) ·•
 Use of English
Part 3 Wordformation
•• Adjective suffixes
We can add suffixes to nouns or ve1bsto make them into adjectives.
Sometimes the spelling cbanges.
-y •OUS

chew >chewy mystery > mysterious

•al •ful
music> musical hope > [Link]!
•able •less
rely > reliable use > useless
We can often use differentsuffixeswith the same word to create
adjectives with dilterent meanings:
taste: tasty- delicious tasteful- attractive tasteless - without taste; inappropiiate

1 Read the information about adjective suffixes. Which suffix forms a negative adjective?

2 Work in pairs. In two minutes, think of as many adjectives as possible with the endings
in the box.

3 Complete sentences a-g with an appropriate adjective formed from the word in brackets.
Example Tom's cousin is a .................
singer. (fame)
Tom's cousin is a famous singer.
a She may seem a bit cold and distant at times, but Cathy is a very kind and
____ . woman. (thought)
b It was ................................
of Harry not to invite his best friend to his new girlfriend's party. (thought)
c I first visited Madrid on .............................
a day in September. (rain)
d They've opened a night shelter for ____ people in our area. (home)
e He's so ___ ..........
about tennis that he plays it three times a week. (fanatic)
f This coffee isn't great but it's,_,....___ if you're desperate! (drink)
g Many medicines are .............................
if you take more than the recommended dose. (harm)

4 Read the text opposite, then complete each gap with a word formed from 1-10.
o say 6 pleasure
I harm 7 tired
2 sugar 8 laugh
3 moderate 9 health
4 meet 10 absol11ie
s open
5 Find four gaps in the text in 4 where you have to make an adjective from a noun.

6 Do you agree with the advice given in the text?

•• Unit8
 Vocabulary
••Word pairs
Thereare manyword pairstbat arejoined by a
[Link] orderof the wordsls fixed.
Ibreadand butter Iwait and see
Sometimesthe wordsin the pair are near synonyms.
!fun and games j1awand order
Sometimesthe wordsin the pair are opposites.
Itakeit or leaveit Igive and take
1 Read the information about word pairs. Make sure
you understand the meaning of the examples, then
match a-e with 1-5.
a sick 1 sound
b pick 2 tired
C safe 3 choose
d peace 4 pieces
e bits 5 quiet
2 Say whether the word pairs in l are
so the 10) saying goes. But until recently, • verb + verb
doctors have been telling us to do exactly the • noun + noun
opposite, warning us that overeating is (1) • adjective + adjective
Now it seems, rich, fatty foods or sweet, (2)
ones, can be perfectly good for us in (3) 3 Complete word pairs a-e with opposites, then
but only under certain circumstances. check your answers in a dictionary.
a more or ____ _
Recently, at a three-day (4) in Venice, a b back to ____ _
group of docto,s, psychologists, and chemists met c sooner or __ _
to discuss the importance of pleasure on our health.
d now and ____ _
They celebrated the (5) of the conference by
e ups and ____ _
feasting on ver1isonand truffles.
4 Rewrite sentences a-g replacing the underlined
The point that they were there to discuss is that phrases with pairs of words from I and 2.
things that are (6) and make us feel good
a I've hadenough of your complaining! Give it a
l)_,;1vea positive eff![!Ct on our health and wellbeing.
rest, will you?
Guilt, stress, and (7)., ... lead to illness. Pleasure,
b Eventually Steve will realise his mistake.
(8) ........... .._andlove, in~ing eating things ttJat are c John spent his summer holiday travelling up
generally considered bad for you, keep our immune the Amazon, but he's arrived home healthy and
systeros strong and therefore improve our health. unharmed.
However, it is important to realise that we mustn't
d As a child, I had to eat what I was given. I
wasn'I' allowed to have only what I -liked.
eat too much (9) ..................
food, and when we do,
e The UK is aporoxjmately 1,200 kilometres long
we must really enjoy it. There's (10) .....................
no point
from north to south.
in eating a bar of chocolate and then feeling guilty
f We hardly ever eat out but occasionally we get a
about it, because that creates a double negative
take-away.
- it is unhealthy and has given you no enjoyment!
g 'Have you moved all that rubbish out of the
Remember, eat, drink and be MERRY! spare room yet?' 'Nearly. There are ju~t a few
small things left.'

Units G ••
 Use of English
Part 3 Wordformation

•• Adjective suffixes
We can add suffixes to nounsor velbsto makethem into adjectives.
Sometimesthe spelling changes.
-y •OUS
cbew>chewy mystery> mysterious
·al -ful
music > musical hope> hopeful
-able -less
rely > reliable use> useless
Wecan often usedifferent suffixeswith the sameword to create
adjectiveswitn different meanings:
taste: tasty- delicious tasteful- attractive tasteless-without taste; inapprop1iate

1 Read the information about adjective suffixes. Which suffix forms a negative adjective?

2 Work in pairs. In two minutes, think of as many adjectives as possible with the endings
in the box.

3 Complete sentences a-g with an appropriate adjective formed from the word in brackets.
Example Tom's cousin is a ···-··-··-····
singer. (fame)
Tom's cousin is a famous singer.
a She may seem a bit cold and distant at times, but Cathy is a very kind and
____ ....woman. (thought)
b It was ...............................
of Harry not to invite his best friend lO his new girlfriend'sparty. (thought)
c 1 first visited Madrid on ..............................
a day in September. (rain)
d They've opened a night shelter for ......··-·····••·••· ......people in our area. (home)
e He's so ...............................
about tennis that he plays it three times a week. (fanatic)
f This coffee isn't great but it's...... if you're desperate! (drink)
g Many medicines are ............................
if you take more than the recommended dose. (harm)

4 Read the text opposite, then complete each gap with a word formed from 1-10.
O say 6 pleasure
harm 7 tired
2 sugar 8 laugh
3 moderate 9 health
4 meet 10 absolute
S open
5 Find four gaps in the text in 4 where you have to make an adjective from a noun.
6 Do you agree with the advice given in U1etext?

•• Unit8
 Vocabulary
••Word pairs
Therear: many wordpairs that are joinedby a
[Link] orderof the wordsis fixed.
j breadandbutter j wait and see
Sometimesthe words in the pair are near synonyms.
Ifun and games j law and order
Sometimesthe wordsin the pair are opposites.
Itake it or leaveit jglve and 1ake
1 Read the information about word pairs. Make sure
you understand the meaning of the examples, then
mald1 a-e with 1-5.
a sick I sound
b pick 2 tired
C safe 3 choose
d peace 4 pieces
e bits 5 quiet

2 Say whether the word pairs in 1 are

so the 10) saying goes. But until recently, • verb + verb
doctors have been telling us to do exactly the • noun + noun
opposite, warning us that overeating is (1) • adjective + adjective
Now it seems, rich, fatty foods or sweet, (2)
ones. can be perfectly good for us in (3) 3 Complete word pairs a-e with opposites, then
but only under certain circumstances. check your answers in a dictionary .
.:i more or ___ _
Recently,at a three•day (4) in Venice. a b back to .............
__ _
group of doctors, psychologists, and chemists met c sooner or
to discuss the importance of pleasure on our health.
d now and .......
- .........................
.
They celebrated the ( 5) of the conference by
e ups and ...........................
..
feasting on venison and truffles.
4 Rewrite sentences a-g replacing the underlined
The point that they were there to discuss is that phrases with pairs of words from l and 2.
things that are (6) .. and make [Link] feel good a I've had enough of your complaining! Give it a
have a positive effect on our health and wellbeing. rest, will you?
Guilt, stress, and (7) ....~ lead to illness. Pleasure, b Eventually Steve will realise his mistake.
(8) ___ and love, incfuding eating things that are,
c John spent his summer holiday travelling up
generally considered bad for you. keep our immune the Amazon, but he's arrived home healthy and
systems strong and therefore improve our health. unharmed.
However, it is important to realise that we mu:;tn't
d As a child, I had to eat what I was given. 1
wasn't allowed to haveonly what I liked.
eat too much (9) :..,..............
food, and when we do,
e The UI< is approximately 1,200 kilometres long
we must really enjoy it. There's (10) ···········-·no point
from north to south.
in eating a bar of chocolate and then feeling guilty
f We hardly ever eat out but occasionally we get a
about it, because that creates a double negative
take-away.
- it is unhealthy and has given you no enjoyment!
g 'Have you moved all that rubbish out of the
Remember, eat, drink and be MERRY! spare room yet?' 'Nearly. There are just a few
small things left.'

Unit8 e ·•
 Writing
?art 2 A report

1 What facilities are or were available 1·n

yours
cl
1001?
2 Read t~e-task and the report, ignoring the
uu derhrung. Decide whether the report
a supports the idea
b opposes 1he idea
c recommends a different course of action.

Th~ director of your language school has put torward

an idea to remove the only food and drf ks
You h n machine.
ave been asked to find out the views of yourfell
students and Write a ....,.rt ...... ow
•-,- -•u• your 1eCOmmenaat1on.

REPORT ON IDEA TO REMOVE FOOD

AND DRINKS MACHINE
Introduction
The rumof this report is to consjder
the prosand cons of
removing the food and drinks machine from the student
common room, and to make a recommendation to the
director of the school.

Advantages
There are some strong arguments In favour of removing the
machine. It Is felt that it:
• is old, ugly and noisy.
• takes up valuable space.
• sells only unhealthy foods, such as crisps, sweets and
fizzy drinks.

Dlsadwntages
Removing the machine would also have drawbacks.
• A lot of students use it and would be unhappy if it were
removed.
• The machine saves people valuable time as they do not
have to go out and buy snacks at the local shops.

Conclusion
Although there are convincing arguments for removng the
machi1e, I believe on balance that the disadvantages of
doing so outweigh the advantages. However, I recommend
that it is replaced with a smaller, more modern model that
has a wider range of snacks, including some healthy ones.

•• Unit8
--
0 Use headingsand numberedor bullet points.
Try to use syn,nyms rather than repeat words.

3 Under which heading does the writer do the following?

a list the arguments against the idea
b make a recommendation
c state the aim of the report
d list the arguments for the idea

4 Read the tip box, then match the words and phrases below with
the synonyms underlined in the report.
a advantages and disadvantages
b strong
c examine
d disadvantages
e for
f purpose
g after considering all the information

5 Read the task below, then divide sentences a-h into two groups:
arguments for and arguments against the idea. Add any other
arguments you can think of.

The director of the school suggests closing the canteen and using the space
for a student recreation room, with a TV and pool table. You have been
asked to write a report on the advantages and disadvantages of this Idea.

a The canteen :s underused.

b The canteen iood isn't very good.
c The canteen food is cheap.
d The canteen is very popul_ar.
e There's an excellent cafe opposite the school.
f Students need a place to relax between and after lessons.
g There's a TV in the cafe opposite the school.
h Pool is popular among boys but not among girls.

6 Write a report of between 120 and 180 words. Divide your report into
four sections, using the same headings as in the model report in 2.
Use some of the arguments in 5.

~
~
Unit8 G) ••
 Review
1 Choose the correct adjectives to complete a-e. 4 For a-e complete the second sentence so that it
a This pork isn't very scodgy/[Link].I should have has a similar meaning to the first sentence using
cooked it for longer. the word given. Use between two and five words,
b I like nice green crunchy/chewy apples. including the word given. Do not change the
word given.
c These grapes are incredibly rich/bitter.
d 'How's your meal?' 'The bacon's OK but the a I'm sure you'll find your keys in the end.
fried eggs are rather greasy/fatty.' turn
e Crisps usually have a mild/salty taste. Your keys ........................
---- later.
b It was very careless of you to spill coffee 011
2 Complete a-i using an adjective formed from the the new rug.
words in the box. careful
If you ...- ...............
_____ you wouldn't have
finance fo:get fury penny suit wonder
spilt coffee on the new rug.
a We saw a ......................
play at the theatre last night. c I've had enough of reality shows on TV.
b My dad was ___ when I stayed out all night. tired
c Grandad is getting more and more ____ as I'm sick ..... _._..____ .......- reality shows
he gets older. on TV.
d He was ........................
when he came to this country, d Linda thinks it's a good idea to install a new
but now he's a millionaire. coffee machine.
e The hotel doesn't have any rooms that are favour
....................
for families. Linda is .........................
----· .. a new coffee
f My brother works for a bank in the ..................... machine.
district of Frankfurt. e This curry isn't spicy enough.
mild
3 Complete a-e with word pairs from the box using This curry .................................................
.,..-.
and or or.
5 Complete these lines from reports with the
give later less more safe see
following words and phrases.
sooner sound take wait
cons convincing drawback examine
a We were nearly involved in an accident on
the motorway but we arrived home ___ . on balance pros purpose
b 'What's for pudding, mum?'
' ..................
You haven't finished
your first course yet.' The ............ of this report is to ............ the
c The journey may take a long time, ............ and ............ of the proposal to buy
but we'll get there ___ . more computers for the school.
d 'Is 1his the kind of thing you had
in mind?' 'Yes, ...... -·-·- .' The most ............ argument is that the
e If liule Jimmy doesn't learn to ...........
.,.,... computers are too slow for broadband Internet.
he won't make friends very easily.

The only ............ seems to be that there would be

less money to spend on books in lhe coming year.

.. ... .. .. .. .. .. I think that the proposal is worth

recommending.

e9 Unit8
Goi -
extren!e
Lead in
1 Look at the photos. What do you think these 3 Discuss these questions.
people's obsessions or particular habits might be?
a Are the characteristics in 2 generally good or bad?
2 •} Listen and match the speakers with b Do you have any particular habits (good or bad)?
sentences a-e. c How easy is it to learn new habits or stop bad ones?
a I'm a terrible time-keeper.
b I can never throw things away.
c I'm a shopaholic.
d I'm really untidy.
e I'm obsessively well organised.
Speaker Sentence
1
2
3
4
5

Unit9 G ••
 Reading
Part 1 Multiplechoice
1 Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the 4 When did Lynne Cox first discover that she
statement below. Give examples to support your enjoyed swimming in difficult conditions?
opinion. A in her forties
6 when she was nine
You can't experience real excitement without C between the ages of nine and fourteen
taking risks. D at the age o( fourteen
S Why is Lynne Cox particularly well suited
to what she does?
2 The article opposite is about people wbo take
A Her style of swimming is similar to a seal's.
risks. Read the text quickly and find the names of
the two people in the photos. B She likes swimming in outdoor pools.
C She's rather fat.
3 Find these adjectives in the text and explain their D Unusually, the fat below her skin has a
meanings in the context in your own words. regular thickness.
a countless (I. 12) 6 In both of the expeditions mentioned, Sir
b tiny {I. 20) Ranulph Fiennes
c inhospitable (I. 35) A suffered physical injury.
d furious (I. 40) 6 endured very severe weather conditions.
e even {I. 46) C discovered ancient ruins.
f major (I. 50) D spent several years away from home.
g single-minded (I. 63) 7 Sir Ranulph Fiennes uses the memory of his
h addictive (I. 66) father
A to give him strength at difficult moments.
4 Read the text again carefully and for questions B 10 remind him of the limits of human
1-8, choose the best answer (A, 6, C or D). endurance.
1 According to the text, most people would prefer C to remind him that death is always a risk.
to have D to help him make difficult decisions.
A a comfortable life without risk. 8 Adventurers find that they cannot stop taking
6 occasional chances to test their endurance. risks because
C some experience of danger. A they have become famous for risk-taking.
D fewer unpleasant tasks in their lives. B their lives are less stable than other people's.
2 Kanchana Ketkeaw did not suffer serious injury C they love the feeling it produces.
from the scorpions because D they believe they can achieve the impossible.
A they did not sting her.
6 scorpion stings are not very dangerous.
5 Which of the three people in the article do you
admire, if any? Why?
C she did not allow the scorpions to touch
her body.
D her body has become used 10 the poison.
3 The writer of the text believes that Kanchana
Ketkeaw
A is a bit mad.
B was asked to perform her feat by her
country.
C did not perform her feat only for her country.
D does not know why she performed her feat.

•• Unit9
 American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures

W
hy do some people feel compelled to do t(le
craziest things, while most of us are happy through the planet's most inhospitable oceans wearing 35
to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits • only a swimsuit - for fun! According to Lynne, now in her
on TV? Robin Styles ponders this question. forties, there is always something driving her on. She just
has to do it. As a nine-year-old child she was rather fat,
5 Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and. drama and she used to swim in an outdoor pool with the local
- a single persoh against the wilds of nature, testing their youth club. One day a furious storm blew up, but she 40
enduranee beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater re'used to get out of the pool. Something made her carry
because we live in a co(llfortable world of central heating, or. Then she realised that, as the water got colder and
gadgets and package,holidays. We lead increasin/llY risk- rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and
,o free lives, where the greatest test of endurance is getting s~e was really enjoying it. At the age of 14 she broke her
'to, work through the rush hour. And most of us would first endurance record, one of many more to come. Years 45
prefer it to remain thar way. However, there are countless later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even
ways to test the limits of your endurance; should you layer of body fat, like a seal. She is perfectly made for
wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasa~t, doing what she does, it seems.
15 uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.
The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has
Thirty-year-old performance artist, Kanchana Ketkeaw, led many major expeditions (and has lost several fingers) so
who spent 32 days and nights io <I [Link] room, in the extreme cold, including woll<ing right round the
sai<:Ithat she completed her amazing feat of endurance Arctic Circle, which took three years! He has also led
for her country, T~ailand. The new world record hplder expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the
20 shared a tiny room for over Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. It seems that
a month with 3 .400 deadly many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the 55
ltl:tle friends, and was stung at image of a parent. Sir Ranulph's father was Commander
least nine times! Fortunately of a regiment in the British Army, and died Just before
she has worked with scorpions his son was born. Fiennes has said, 'If I am getting weak,
1or several years now and 1 find a very powerful way of squashing it is to know that
has developed some natural my father would have definitely done it.' eo
protection against thefr pc5ison.
Anyone else woufd be dead. Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.
To endure all that fot her There is probably no such thing as a 'normal' adventurer.
country, which cer,talnly didn'.t Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and
request it Of her, must seem unusually determined people who hate the stability and
a bit mad to most people! routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks es
There must be ano\her reason, fer the sheer 'fun' of it. The excitement becomes addictive,
and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems
boring in comparison. The famous sailor, Sir Robin Knox-
Johnston says: •Humans have been taking risks since
weevolved. If something is difficult, almost impossible 70
to achieve, then it is worth doing: Well, obviously. Could
someone please pass me the TV remote control?

Unit9 e ·•
 Vocabulary Grammar
Compound adjectives Relative clauses GR p171-172
1 Decide whether compound adjectives a-h describe 1 Read sentences 1-8 below then answer questions
personality {P) or appearance (A). a-g about them.
a ba Id-headed e easy-going 1 What was the name of the English explorer tvho
b bad-tempered _ .. .. f long-legged walked to the South Pole in 1912?
c brown-eyed ·····-········-···g rosy-cheeked .................
.. 2 In 1911, when he was 42 years old, Captain
d curly-haired ·······-··-···· h suntanned Robert Scott organised an expedition to the
South Pole.
2 For each of the pairs in a-d, use one of the words 3 There were 33 people in Scott's expedition,
below to form compound adjectives. which set out on 1st June 1910.
a warm• ..................
. 4 The men who Scott took with him were mostly
broken- army or naval officers.
b absent•...............
. S The Norwegian explorer Amundsen, whose party
broad- arrived at the South Pole a monch earlier than
c __ -centred Scoct, returned home safely.
__ •disciplined 6 When Scott arrived at the South Pole, he found
d big• .... a tent and a letter, which Amundsen had left
hard•.. chere for him.
7 Scott and his men all died before they could
3 Say which qualities in 2 are generally positive, reach the supply depot, where they had left food
negative or neutral. and spare clothing.
heaJted minded self 8 Scott had taken horses instead of dogs with
headed
him, which most people agree was a big mistake.
4 Give examples of how someone
with the qualities in 2 might
behave.

5 Can you name any famous people

(real or fictiona I) that you think
have the characteristics in 1 or 21

•• Unit9
 2 Join the pairs of sentences in a-e using who or which, adding commas
where necessary and making any other changes.
Example The plasma TV has broken. I only bought it last week.
The plasma TV, which I only bought last week, has broken.
a That's the man. He·s going to buy our house.
b I gave my daughter twenty euros. She spent it immediately.
c I live in a village called South Milton. It's a mile from the sea.
d Where are the sausages? Mum bought them on Saturday.
e Daniel Craig plays James Bond in Casino Royale. He also starred in
the gangster film Layer Cake.

3 Complete the sentences with who, which, when, where or whose,

adding commas where necessary.
Example Harry is the guy·-···-·····-··I met in Miyazaki ___ is a small
town in Japan ·········-·. we both taught English in the 1990s.
Harry is the guy who I met in Miyazaki, which is a small
town in Japan where we both taught English in the 1990s.
a The shop·············-·I usually get my groceries stays open until 10,
a In which sentences is the
·-·-············
most other shops are shut.
relative pronoun the subject
of the verb in the relative b This chest of drawers ···-····-······I inherited from my grandmother
is 100 years o:d.
clause?
c Patricia is the girl ___ car we borrowed to go to that Spanish
b In which sentences is the
relative the object of the restaurant····-··-··-···-they do great paella.
verb in the relative clause? d Near my house is a park __··-········· there are some trees ·-······-····
my
daughter loves climbing.
c In which sentence can
we leave out the relative e The tall man .....·-······-····
is standing over there is the cousin of the
pronoun? man ·······-··-··....I introduced you to last night.
d In which sentences can we 4 Look again at your answers to 3. Decide for each one
use that instead of who or
a if the relative pronoun could be omitted.
which?
e Which type of clause has b if it would be possible to use that instead.
commas immediately before
the relative pronoun?
5 Correct the mistakes in a-e. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
f In which sentence can we Example Can you describe the man which you saw running out of
replace who with the more the bank?
formal u:hom? Can you describe the man who you saw running out of
g In which sentence does the the bank?
relative refer to the whole of a He's going to retire ai 50, what I find surprising.
the main clause? b Elvis Presley, that was probably the most famous pop star ever,
died in 1977.
c Pam Fisher, who's older brother is a doctor, has also decided
to sf11rly mPrlbnP.
d I got a letter t:iis morning from my uncle Algernon who lives
in Canada.
e The childminder looks after our children is ill today.

Unit9 G ••
Listening
Part 2 Sentencecompletion
1 In pairs, tell each other about anything you collect 3 •) Complete Alec's sentences a-e with the
now, or have collected in the past. adjectives below. Listen again and check, then
explain the difference between the -ed form and
2 •) You wiJl hear an interview with a man called the -ing form of the adjectives.
Alec Gardiner, who collects things. Read the how
to do it box, then listen and complete sentences 1-10. amazed/amazing bored/boring

A how to dolt interested/interesting

worried/worrying
Jlleased/pleasing

~ Beforeyoulisten. youhave 45 seconds to read the

• 10senteno>.,s. a I was never ...................
as a child because there was
II youmiss an [Link]·t [Link] to the always something new to collect.
• next sentence.
b I became ...............
- in more things and started
e When you listen ,i,[Link] on the answers collecting them as well.
that you missed the first time.
Don't leaveanswers blank - make a guess. c The most .......... - ......thing is when I find the last
object to complete a set of something. That's
1 Alec isn't exactly ...__________ why really ...................
.
he collects things. d You'd be ...- ..............
where Mickey turns up!
2 Alec started collecting when he was e Everything in there is precious. and I'm ....................
.
about burglaries.
3 As a child Alec kept the things he collected in
4 In pairs, tell each other about
4 Alec says it's a wonderful feeling when he a something you are interested in.
completes a____ ·---- of b something you find boring.
something. c something you are pleased about.
5 Alec likes collecting cartoon figures because d something you were amazed to find out.
rhP.ylook___ ----······· and they
amuse him.
6 It's possible to collect so many Mickey
Mouse figures because Mickey is the
----···········---··-··-··-·· cartoon character.
7 Alec keep; most of his cartoon figures in the
living room on small ------·----
8 Alec used to buy things at collectors'
___ ..and antique shops.
9 Alec doesn't like to leave the house for too long
because he's afraid of .................. ____ _
10 In order to complete a set of something,
Alec sometimes has to pay out
......................................
---- hundred pounds .

•o Unit9
Speaking 5 Discuss these questions.
Part 2 a What kind of person do you
think lives in each place?
1 In pairs, name as many objects in each photo as you can in two b What sort of lifestyle do you
minutes. Compare your answers with another pair. think they might havel
2 Match these adjectives with photos 1 or 2.
bare bright ••clean cluttered cold cosy
(un)eomforiable dimly-lit uven-plan relaxing tidy

3 In pairs, brainstorm as many similarities and differences between

the photos as you can and decide which are the most obvious. Use
some of the phrases below to help you.
Similarilie$
• The most obvjous s~milarityis that both photos show
• You can see ...,...... ..... in both photos.
• 'fhe room in_photo 1 is .. . _,.. ,...._.. Similarly, the room in
photo 2 is ........................
_... .
• The_ ..........
_ .........is/are the same in both photos.
Differences
• 'the biggest clifference between the photos is that photo 1-
shows ....,......
,,......
-.........
whereas photo 2 shows .~....., ...............
,., .
• While photo 1 shows ...... - .....,..... ,., , photo 2 on the other hand

• The .., ...., ...............

is/are completely different in the two photos.
I
4 Describe the photos in detail. Say which room you prefer and why.

Unit9 0 ·•
Use of English
Part 4 Key word transformations
1 Read the bow to do it box. Then look at the 2 Rewrite each sentence a-g keeping the same
completed key word transformations in 1-4 and meaning. Use two to five words, including the
say which of these language areas is being word given.
tested in each. a l have11't seen Harriet since February.
time
passives phrasal verbs relatives
The last ·--- ....in February.
comparatives adjectives modal verbs
b It will be interesting to see if anybody can solve
1 We didn't return to James· house until 11 p.m. this problem.
got interested
We finally got back to James' house at 11 p.m. I .............................
·-·····.......to see if anybody can solve
language area ____ _ this problem ..
c I'm sure Sam was there because he's in one of
2 They lost the box containing au the exam my photos.
papers. must
which Sam ..............
___ .............
-because he's in one of
They lost the box which contajned all the my photos.
exam papers. d J won't tolerate his rude behaviour any more.
language area ____ _ put
3 ls Jason taller than Michael? I ______ ..... his rude behaviour any
as more.
Is Michael as tall as Jason? e This coffee isn't cool enough to drink.
language area ··-··.._.......................
. too
4 They always opened his letters before he Th is coffee .................. -..............................
drink.
received them. They cancelled the match because it was
were rdining.
His letters were always opened before he due
received them. The match ........... ____ rain.
language area __ _ g I haven't got enough money lo buy that
MP3 player.
A how to dolt can't
,:} Dedde what the key word replaces. Rememberit I ..............................................
buy that MP3 player.
• could be _partof a phrase.
Read both sentences to check that they mean
• thesame.
• Check the number of words you have written..
Rememberthat contractions.e.g. isn't,count as
two words,

eG Unit9
Vocabulary
Body idioms
1 Label the parts of the body shown using
these words.

ankle calf elbow heel hip

palm shin thigh waist wrist

2 Complete idioms a-h with these words,

4 ...........................................
..
then match them with definitions 1-8.

arm brains eye face foot

hand leg tongue

a keep an ..................
on someone/something
b twist someone's __ _
c pull someone's __ _
d put your ___ in it
e be on the tip of your ....
f give someone a __ _
g keep a straight s ______ _
h pick someone's

I persuadeor force someone to do

something 6 ..............
2 find out about something from
someone who·:knows more about it
than you
3 watch someone/something carefully
4 help someone
5 play a joke on someone by making
them believe something that isn't true
6 say or do something wrong, foolish or
embarrassing
7 be something almost remembered or
recalled, but not quite
8 manage not to laugh or smile at
something you find funny

3 Tell a partner about a situation when

a you couldn't keep a straight face.
b someone pulled your leg.
c you put your foot in it.
d you twisted someone's arm.
e you picked someone's brai os.
somebody gave you a hand.

9 ______ _ 10 ........
___ _

Unit9 G!)·•
 Writing
Part 1 A letter
1 Read the exam task below. Are you
asked to write a, b or c?
a a letter requesting information
b a letter of application
c a letter of complaint

You have seen this advertisement in a

magazine and you want to organise a
weekend for y:,u and six friends. One
of your friends is only 17. Read the
advertisement and the notes you have
rnade. Then write a letter to Adrenalin
Adventure asking for more details.

2 Decide whether your letter should

letter be formal or informal.
3 Put a-f into the paragraph
plan below, with the two most
important queries before the Jess
important ones.
a ask about dates
b ask about accommodation
c say where you saw the
advertisement
d ask about age limits Activities;choosetwo from: kayaklng,
e say who you are and why you hlll-walJdng,surfing,wind-surfing,
are writing mountain-biking, cllmblnft",horse-riding"*
ask abou'. cost
* experiencedclimbersonly
Paragraph 1 ** £20 supplementapplies
• ~ s,[Link] r,(l(;;v,.s?
• Accommodat,on: ourthree wooden
Paragraph 2
lodgessleep 12 peopleeach
• ~ ,11cfwks 1:>1Ws
• --------····"••"••········· , £199 per person <tr>dP)Jre&_{
Paragraph 3 ' eqt,(,f1"'Bflt,
• ". • weekends In July and August
• '-[Link] d),[Link]
uJl12-13 At,1<3t,[Link]?

• ' .

•• Unit9
4 Read the phrases in the language box below
and complete them with a f.
a cou Id d please
b grateful e wonder
c have f would

•• Polite requests
Co\llc\you ................
-
let me know ...? -•.;....,.,,:,..;;~
........_____-....... .....
l'd 0b"i.- ...... if youcould tell me ...
I ... ... if yo':!:ou12informme ... ?

5 Complete polite requests a-fusing the phrases in

the language box to help you.
a ................
have some information about your
adventure holidays?
b ....................
send me a brochure?
c . ··········-about the cost of the holiday?
d ...............
_. could let me know if there are any
places left on the skiing course.
e ___ bow much it costs to hire equipment?
f ___ if you could send me some information
about accommodation.
6 Look at the notes you have made on the advert
and do the following.
a Decide which paragraph they fit imo.
b Write them as complete questions, using the
po\ite requests and the sequencing words firstly,
secondly, thirdly, finally, as in the example.
Example Firstly, I'd be grateful if you could let me
know if there are any places available on
12th and 13th August.

7 Write the letter in l using all your nmes.

Unit9 G ••
Review
1 Complete sentences a-g with compound adjectives. 3 Complete the text with the correct verbs below
a My brother is really absent- _____ . He's (a, b or c) in -ing or -ed form.
always forgetting and losing things.
b 'You're looking very su.~--- ............
, George.
Have you been on holiday?' ·Yes' I've just spent
two weeks in the south of Italy.'
c Melissa was extremely fond of her cat, so she
was ---- .......
-hearted when it died.
d Geoff goes on and on about getting the top mark
in his exam. He's so big·.....................
- .........!
e 'I didn't think Harry was .....·····---
tempered.' 'He may seem easy-going to you
but he gets angry at the slightest thing.'
f Sam is too .............
___ -centred to talk to
people he thinks are unimportant or not useful
to him.
g Cathy finds _____ -headed men
attractive, maybe it's because her dad lost

A
IS-year-old girl has just pulled off an
his hair at an early age. (I) ___ ............
achievement, by walking
2 Complete the idioms in sentences a-h with these 200 miles across the Arctic wilderness of
parts of the body. BafflflIsland. Alicia Hempleman-Adams faced
(2) .................
_..................
challenges as she crossed moumain
arm brains eye face foot
peaks, glaciers and steep-sided fjords. Her father had
hand leg tongue travelled the same route himself and at first the ?rospecr
a 'Would you like another piece of chocolate?' of his youogdaughcer following in his footsteps
'Oh, go 011 then. If you twist my __ .' was {3)............____ . Because of her age, be felt
b David really put his ................
in it when he asked {4) ·---- that she would fmd it too
Samantha how Steve was getting on. They split (5) _____ . He was also (6) ....................................
.
up three months ago! that she could get frost-bite. Alicia, however, was
c Tm having problems with my PC. You know (7) ···--- ...........
that she could do it, and she's been
all about computers, don·r you? Can I pick proved right. Thougb very (8) _____ by the end
your ................
?' she was (9) ·--- ..............
to achieve her goal.
d 'John told me that you were moving to New
York.' 'New York! No, he was just pulling
your ....._.._......'
e 'What's the French for 'lawn'? It'll come to me 1 a amaze b annoy C entertain
in a moment. It's on the lip o[ my -··············
.' 2 a concern b terrify C bore
f 'I've got to carry these chairs upstairs.' 'I'll give 3 a horrify b entertain C amuse
you a(n) ..................
.' 4 a confuse b satisfy C worry
g We couldn't keep a straight... when the ~ !I ,;,mh;,rr;iss h excite C exhaust
head teacher nodded off during the lesson. concern C amuse
6 a interest b
h Can you keep a(n) __ on the children for 7 a convince please C entertain
b
me while I'm out?
8 a bore b tire C relax
9 a thrill b confuse C encourage

eG Unit9
All -
e minde 10
Lead in
1 •) Look at photos 1-6 and listen to the people
introducing themselves. Try to remember their
names and what they say, but don't make any
notes.

2 Which of a-g are you likely to remember easily?

What could make them easy or hard to remember?
a a phone number
b a tune
c English vocabulary
d the steps of a dance
e the clothes that somebody was wearing on a certain occasion
f how to get to a place you've only visited once
g the date of a friend's birthday

3 Do the quiz below then turn to page 153 to find out what your
answers say about your learning style.

What's your learning style? 5 When you read for pleasure,

do you prefer
A descriptions?
When you spell a difficult B dialogue?
1 word in English, do you 3 When you are trying to
concentrate, arE you
distracted most by
C action?
A try to see the word in your
head?
B say the word, either aloud
A untidiness?
B sounds?
6 When you learn to do
something new, do you prefer
A seeing a demonstration
or in your head? C movement? and a picture?
C write the word down to B listening to verbal
When you meet somebody
find out what feels right?
When you chat socially with
4 again, having met them only
instructions?
C trying by yourself first?
2 other people, do you
once before, are you most
likely to
7 When you're learning how to
use new computer software,
A use as few words as A forget their name but
possible? remember their face and do you
B enjoy talking and where you met? A try to find diagrams and
listening? 8 remember their name and charts?
C use your hands a lot? what you talked about, but 8 ask help from someone
forget where you met them? who knows the software?
C remember best what you C keep experimenting until
did togetheri you've learnt how to use it?

4 Turn to page 154 and do part 2 of the Memory Test in 1.

Unit10 G ••
 Reading
Part 2 Gappedtext
1 Try to answer these questions
without using a clock,
calculator, ruler or any other
device. Are they easy, difficult
or impossible?
a How wide is the door of
1he room you're in, to the
nearest millimetre?
b What is the time 10 the
nearest second?
c What day of the week was
1st June 1760?
d What is 7,623 x 4,592?

2 Read the magazine article

opposite quickly and find the
name of
a a film character who can do
amazing calculations in his
head.
b the real person that the
character is based on.
c the scientist who thinks that
we all have the potential to
do these things.

Doctor Do you know how much 312 times 123 is?

Ray (without hesitation)38,376.
Charlie (doing!he sum on a calculator)He's right.
Doctor
05 Charlie
ooctot
What?
He's right!
He's right! 7
10
Charlie
Ray
Charlie
lhese
[Link],how much is 4,343 times 1,234?
(without hesitation)5,359,262.
He's a genius!
lines are from a film called Rain Man,starring Tom Cruise
6
• and Dustin Hoffman. Charlie Babbitt's brother, Ray,lives in a
home because he is unable to work or look after himself. o::J
For example, he can perform very complex mental arithmetic with
astonishing speed and accuracy. Rayis a 'savant': somebody who has
15 specific, extraorcinaryabilities, but who is incapableof most everydaytasks.

•·· UnitlO
 RayBabbitt'scharacteris basedon a real savant 3 Readthe article again carefully, then choosefrom
called Kim Peek,who was born in 1951with an thP SPntences A-H the one which fits each gap
[Link] Kim (1-7). There is one extra sentence.
would neverbe able to leada normallife, and it is A TheBritishsavantStephenWiltshiremanagedto
20 true that he still liveswith his father,who looksafter draw a highlyaccuratepicture of the Lonconskyline
him. As a child,he couldn't walk until he was four after a singlehelicoptertrip over the city.
yearsold. However,he has alwayshad extraordinary
B Althoughfinding volunteersfor his experimentscan
mental [Link] could use a dictionarywhen he
be difficult, as Snyderadmits,he believesthat the
was three yearsold. El] Sincechildhood,he has
possibilitiesare very exciting.
25 read,and can recall in detail, about 7,[Link]
can read two pagessimultaneously(onewith each C By the ageof four and a halt,he had memorisedthe
eye)in about 10 secondsand rememberforever first eight volumesof an encyclopaedia.
what he has read. D He can reflect on his own specialabilitiesin a way
that most savantscannot.
Savantsare very rare: there are only about 25 alive
30 in the world [Link] E However,as Charliediscovers,Rayhasa few
blindAmericansavant,LeslieLemke,was able to incredibleabilities.
play TchaiKovsky'sPianoconcerto No 1 after hearing F Theyall navea similarability to do amazing
it once,even thoughhe had neverhad a piano calculationsin their head,like RayBabbittin the film
[Link]] Othertalents haveincludedbeingable RainMan.
35 to measureexactdistanceswith the nakedeye and G instead,he visualisesthe number in his head,as if
knowingthe exacttime without lookingat a clock. he's watchinga film.
anielTammet H savantsare different:they don't developnormally

D
~"(,
is a British and as a result they don't lose their specialabilities.
savantand
40 his specialabilities 4 Find words or phrases in the article that mean
are mathema1ica1 a immediately (lines 1-9)
and linguistic.(He
b very, very quickly (lines 10-15)
managedto learn
C at the same time (lines 16-28)
Icelandicin a few
45 days,and could d quickly and without mistakes (lines 37-52)
speakit fluentlyafter e sometimes, but not very often (lines 53-66)
one week.) Unlike f for a short time (lines 53-66)
most savants,Tammetis a good communicator.
II] Heexplainsthat his mathematicalfeats- like 5 Which of the special abilities mentioned in the
so recitingpi to 22,514decimalplaces- do not involve article woold you most like to have? How would
'thinking•.II] For Daniel,numbersare not abstract, you use it?
they are realand familiar,like friends.
Intriguingly,somescientistsbelievethat we all
have thesekindsof amazingabilities hiddendeep
55 insideour brains,but that we lose them as our
[Link]] This theory is supportedby
the fact that, very occasionally,peopleacqui~e
theseabilitiesin adult life as the result of brain
[Link] Snyder,director of the Australian
60 Centrefor the Mind. believesthat we all might be
able to release special skills by somehow 'switching
off' the normal,consciousfunctionsof the mind.
Heconductsexperimentson himself,firing strong
magneticwavesinto his head to seewhether he
65 can temporari,ybecomea [Link] 'We are all
potentialgeniuses,'he claims.

Unit10 0 ••
 Vocabulary Grammar
Menta) activities Comparatives and superlatives
GRp172-1T.f
1 Match a-j with 1-10 to form definitions of the
verbs in italics. 1 Read sentences 1-8 below. In pairs decide
a If you suspect something is true ... a which sentences contain comparatives and
b If you consider someone to be attractive ... which contain superlatives.
C Jf you doubt something that you've heard ... b which sentences you agree with and which you
d If you recollect an experience ... disagree with.
e If you coniemplate your future ... 1 Women communicate far better than men.
f If you analyse a problem ... 2 The more attractive you are, the easier it is to
g If you memorise a number ... make friends.
h Jf you can't comprehend something ... 3 The funniest comedian ever is Steve Martin.
If 3omebody reminds you of another person ... 4 The most intelligent people are often rile least
If an idea occurs to you ... talkative.
l you think about it in a logical way. 5 The more you study a language, the harder it
2 you think it probably isn't true. gets.
3 you learn it so that you won't forget it. 6 Humans are becoming more and more
dependent on machines.
4 that is your opinion.
7 Teenagers don't work as hard as adults.
5 they make you think of that other person.
8 People are usually more attractive than they
6 you think about it for quite a long time.
think.
7 it comes into your mind suddenly.
8 you think it might be true but you aren't sure. 2 Rewrite sentences a-f, keeping the same meaning,
9 you don't understand it. but using another form of comparative.
ID you think about it at a later date. Example I'm worse at remembering faces than
I am at remembering names.
2 Choose the correct verbs in italics to complete a-e.
I'm not as good at remembering faces as
a I often sit and contemplate/recoUect the meaning I am at remembering names.
of life, but I doubt/suspect I'll ever find any
answers! a My best friend drives more slowly than I do.
b It reminded/occurred to me last night that b The weather is cooler in the autumn.
I usually like people who remind/recollect me of c Air tickets are getting less and less expensive.
my parentS. d In my opinion, this exercise isn't as easy as it
c Until then, she had always considered/ looks.
contemplated him a very logical person who e This school isn't as big as I remember it.
could analyse/contemplate any situation. f Our local shops are further than we'd like them
d She says that she has recollected/memorised to be.
10,000 telephone numbers, but I strongly
suspect/doubt that she's lying. 3 In pairs, make comparisons about the photos in
e I recollect/memorise seeing snow for the first 1-3 using the adjectives given or your own ideas.
time when I was three years old; 1 couldn't Cxawplc 1 don't thi11k a footballer is a3 athletic a3
consider/comprehend what was happening. a ballerina.
I don't agree. I think a footballer is more
athletic, but far less graceful.

•.e Unit 10
 4 Complete these sentences in an appropriate way.
a The richer people become, ...
b The better I got to know him, ...
c The colder the weather becomes, ...
d The more we use cars rather than public
transport ...
e ... , the more tired I get.
It
5 Complete sentences 1-6 with the superlative form
of the adjective in brackets and the correct option
{A, B or C}. Check the answers on page 154.
I The (high) mountain in the world is ....
A Everest B K2 C Kangchenjunga
2 The (far} of these planets from the sun is ....
A Neptune B Uranus C Pluto
3 The {dangerous} job in Britain is being a ....
0 athletic graceful rich A builder B fisherman C policeman
4 The (hard} substance in the world is ....
A diamond B steel C glass
5 The {large} creature to live on earth is the ....
A blue whale B brontosaurus C elephant
6 The (intelligent) animal on earth is the ....
A dolphin B dog C chimpanzee

6 Use the prompts in a-e to write superlative

questions with most or least. Then ask and answer
in pairs as in the example.
Ex-ample frightening experience/have
What's the most frightening experience
you've ever had?

0 exciting enjoyable safe

~
-...
It was when my brother put a spider in
niy bed.
a dangerous thing/do
b interesting place/visit
c attractive person/meet
d expensive present/buy
e enjoyable film/see

..- ·-·- --
--
-·--···
...

......
-..-- Unit10 e ·•
...~···
··-
 Listening
Part 3 Multiple matching

1 Look at pictures 1-3. In your opinion, which one best conveys the
feeling of being in a dream?
2 Discuss how dreams can be different from real life. Think about
• people and places • sequence of events • feelings • lime
3 •) You will hear five people talking about their dreams. Choose from
the list A-F the things that each person dreams about. Use the letters
only once. There is one extra letter.
A things going wrong Speaker l [B
B animals Speaker 2 [B
C ordinary, everyjay events Speaker 3 CD
D unconnected e\'ents Speaker 4 CD
E very recent events Speaker 5 Di.I
F strangers

4 •) Complete the verb + preposition expressions that the speakers use.

Then listen again and check your answers.
Speaker 1 t sometimes make-··--···········
more interesting dreams.
Speaker 2 Things normally work····-·····-· ...better in my dreams.
Speaker 3 I know I'm messing things··-·····-······, but I can't help it.
Speaker 4 If I came .........
........
somebody from my dream, I'd be terrified.
Speaker 5 My brother is always going ....... -..-......abouc his dreams.

5 Replace each ve1'l., + prt!pu~i(ju11 expression in 4 with a single verb.

6 Discuss these questions.

a Do you analyse [Link]? What do you think some of them
might mean?
b Have any of your dreams ever come true?

•·· Unit 10
Speaking
Part 2
1 Look at the list below of ten phobias, things people
are afraid of, and answer these questions.
a Which do you think people fear about each one?
b Which can you match to photos 1 and 2?

heights small spaces

flying public speaking
open spaces darkness
spiders germs and dirt
thunderstorms water

2 Match a-h with photo 1 or photo 2. Brainstorm

other words you might need to describe the
photos.
a ropes
b depth
c mask
d cave
e torch
f rockface
g wet-suit
h darkness

3 Compare the photo·s and say why these activities

would be enjoyable for some people but a
nightmare for others. The phrases below and the
how to do It box will help you.

•• Comparing 'l>notO
-......
In the first photo ... but in the second one . :: .
[Link] ... •while on the other hand this pne ... ·:n
In comparison tJ the first photo. this one-:., ; !~
I ■■ I I
...

bow ,. d 1t
Desclibe each scene in general. Mention any

• obvious similarities or ctifferences.

.Sayhow tlley make you feel, or what they remind

• 9ou of.
Describe what the people are doing and wearing.
Say h6w the people might be feeling and how you
a
mighUee1:n similar situation.

Unit10 Ql ••
 Use of English
Part 3 Wordformation
•• noun suf1b..es
We can add suffixestO verbsor adjectivesto
[Link] spelling changes.
verb ➔ noun
express •(t)ion expression
dominate
manage •ment
excite excitement

• adjective ➔ noun -lit. ,

happy -ness
~

happiness
'
:'
...' '
weak •• weakness
•ity ~imilarity
popular popularity
.
1 Add a suffix to each of the underlined words in a-g
to make a noun that completes the second sentence.

M
Example They donated a lot of money to Oxfam. ost people consider that geniuses
They made a big .domiUoo.
to Oxfam. are different from ordinary people
from birth. However, a [Link].Q/JQ/gg;1,,t
a My boss thinks it's very important to be punctual. called Professor Michael Howe
My boss thinks ____ is very important. has challenged this 1 ..._. According to him, the
b The police are investigating the crime. secret of genius is hard work!
The police are carrying out an·······--- into Professor Howe has also shown that nearly all
the crime. geniuses have the 2 .............
to concentrate for long
c My secretary has resigned. I need to find periods of time. They are not easily distracted by
someone to replace her. people or events because it is so 3····-······for them
My secretary has resigned. l need 10 find a to achieve their goal. 'What makes geniuses 4........... .
____ for her. is their long•term s ...........
: he explains. All geniuses
have a clear idea of their goal, and they pursue that
d Unlike many superstars, she's well known for goal with total 6········-··Their 1_····-··are exceptional
being~. because they make an exceptional effort.'
Unlike many superstars, she's well known for
Throughout the centuries, the s............
composers
her ..........................
.
in the world have often been child prodigies.
e My brother is very sensitive to other people's However, even the most exceptionally able still
feelings. took at least ten years of hard study to become
My brother shows a great deal of .............................
to a major composer.
other people's feelings. It woul<l he untrue to suggest that every genius
f Do you filiQy watching reality TV shows? begins as a child prodigy. Many 9 ...........
talented
Do you get a lot of ___ ········from watching adults - including Charles Darwin - were
reality TV shows? unexceptional in their youth. And what's more,
g Mick is responsible for organising the CJl(iStmas many child prodigies do not go on to achieve
party. anything 10 ····-····as adults.
Mick has ____ for organising the
Christmas party .

• e Unit 10
2 Read the text opposite, ignoring
the gaps, and say whether a-c Vocabulary
are true or false according to
the text. El[pressio i; with mind
a Michael Howe believes that
all geniuses are naturally 1 Look at expressions a-I and say in which ones mind is a verb, and in
clever. which a noun.
b Even the best composers a mind your own business g spring to mind
had to work hard to become b Do you mind if ... h take your mind off sometl1ing
great.
c r don't mind + noun or -ing be bored out of your mind
C All geniuses are very clever
d change your mind j be in two minds abom something
as children.
e make up your mind •• k bear sometl1ing in mind
3 Complete the gaps in the text f mind your head
I••
••.
.. Would you mind + -ing
with words formed from 1-10
as shown. 2 Use expression~ from 1 in the correct form to complete what the
Example psychology ➔ noun people are saying or thinking in 1-4.
(a person)
psychologist
1 believe ➔
noun
2 able ➔ noun
3 importance ➔ adjective
4 difference ➔ adjective
scommit ➔ noun
6 dedicate ➔ noun
7 achieve ➔ noun
8 great ➔ superlative form 1 I'm _________ _
9 high ➔ adverb 2 I hope you haven't ···········---
10 significance ➔ adjective ..------
-························

3 Would you ..........

___ _ 4 This film will . ___ _
? ____ ...........
our problems.
3 Rewrite these sentences using an expression with mind from 1.
a As she watched the plane land, she suddenly remembered her own
first experience of air travel.
b I can't decide which restaurant to go to this evening.
c Please could you open the door for me?
d My dad is happy to give us a lift into town.
e I don't want advice about my personal life. Please don't interfere.
f Is it all right if I give my friend your phone number?

UnitlO G ••
 Writing
Part 1 A letter
1 Read the letter of application below. In which paragraph does the
A Writeoneparagraph writer
\iraii'
foreachmain idea. a say what else she is sending with the letter?
Don'twrite morethan
fourparagraphs. b say how good her English is, and how she'd like to improve it?
c give details of her qualifications?
d say where she saw the advertisement and why she is writing?
"
''
2 Raquel starts the letter with Dear Ms Jordan and finishes with Yours
sincerely. If she didn't know the name of the recipient, how would she
a start the letter?
b finish the letter'

Dear Ms Jordan,

I am writing in response to your advertisement in the Daily News for

the Post-Graduate Diploma in English Literature. I want to apply for a
place on the course that starts on 15th September.
I am 22 years old and have just done a degree in English Language
and Literature at Madrid University, which I passed with Distinction.
While at university I specialised in 19th century literature. Now
I would very much like to increase my knowledge of 20th century
literature.
1have visited Britain a few times and went to summer language
schools in Brighton and Oxford. I can read and write English very
well, and I am keen to continue my studies in Britain to improve my
speaking and listening skills.
Here's my CV with lots of information about my qualifications and
work experience. I look forward to getting a reply.

Yours sincerely

'r<.Aq ue.l601U:Ale..z:
enc. CV

3 Identify seven words or phrases in Raquel's letter that are too informal
or inappropriate for a letter of application. Replace them with a-g.

a completed d on a number of occasions g full details of

b f enclose e hearing from you
c. attended f I would like lo
•• ..•• ..
•• Unit10
4 Match a-f with 1-6 to form sentences appropriate for a formal letter.
a I look forward to hearing from you 1 ... , I have a degree in English.
b As for my qualifications 2 ... working in hotels.
c I'd be grateful if you could 3 ... send me details of the syllabus.
d I should like to apply for 4 ... at your earliest convenience.
e I have two years' experience of 5 ... for interview from lsl March.
{ I am available 6 ... the post of receptionist.

5 You saw this advertisement in a newspaper. Read the advertisement

and your notes, then write a letter of application in 120-150 words.

we off~ y of full-time and

part-time courses in Englishas a
Foreign Languagethat prepare
students for the Cambridge exams:
• Englishfor FCE~ Of'e
• Englishfor CPE • Englishfor IELTS
~-------------~ Mel1T10fl
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
~i().cl,est
Minimumage17. e;,(([Link]
Applicantsareexpectedto havereacheda
goodintermediatelevel. ------i-1___.,-
[Link] areverypopularandplacesare
[Link] avoiddisappointment.

Pleaseapply in writing, saying why

you wish to study here, to: -----------
Martin Jarvis, Director of Studies \
g,vecleta.,ls

,.
 Review
1 Rewrite sentences a-i using tbe verbs in tbe box in 4 Complete the text below using words formed from
the correct form, and making any other necessary the base words in 1-10.
changes to the sentences.
0 .regular A diffi,cult 8 surprise
!tt!peet consider memorise {emind 1 invite 5 sincere 9 equal
analyse contemplate occur 2 arrange 6 commit 10 sense
comprehend doubt recollect
3 psychology 7 participate

Example
I've always thought that he didn't like me.
I've always suspected that he didn't like me.
a John makes me think of a friend I had at school.
b l don't think we will wln the World Cup.
c In my opinion, he's very impolite.
d For homework my daughter had 10 learn a
Shakespeare poem by heart.
e He's thinking carefully about resigning and
looking for another job.
f We need to think logically about the results of
the experiment.
g Can you remember exactly what he said?
h r suddenly thought of the answer in the bath.
•
Whl~dowe
2
It's difficult to w1derstand why she wants a divorce.

Form the pall of speech shown in brackets from

ver-commit?
the words in a-h. • ..,...J.\,..,al' ~:.==::::=h. 1 -

a astonish (noun) e illegality (adjective) opt<people(O) regularly .. over-commit.

How often do we agree to meet+ :
b discussion [verb) f sad (noun)
friends,accept(1) ...........,, or offer •
c inform (noun) g carelessness (adjective)
to help a familymember,only to realisethat in
d excitement (verb) h similar (noun) makingthe (2) .. . _...we'vebeentoo generous
with our tlme? (3>-~. ~believetliat we ·over-
3 Use the correct form of words in 2 to complete
commit' becausewe have(4) .. . . judginghow
these sentences.
muchtime there is [Link] our diaries
a Liam and I had a long ............
- .. about the with thingsto do. (S) ..... wbelievingtl:iatwe'll
advantages and disadvantages of living abroad. havemore time in the future than we havein the
b It was ve1y -··-······-·····
of David to lose the house [Link] course,when tomorrowtUrnsinto
keys. today,we discoverthat we ate too busyto fulfil
c The police rang to ...... ,-........
me that they'd caught :allof the (6) ..... that we've [Link]
the man who stole my car. of time deceivesus :andwe 'forget' about how
d Harry bears a striking ................. to his brother. It's thingsfill our daysand competefor our time.
sometimes difficult co tell them apart. Nearlyall the (7) in a surveybelievedthat
e In Britain it's ..................
to sell cigarettes to people they would have_more tree time next monthtban
under 16. [Link] monthlater,they were
f It was with great-··-··-··········that doctors announced
(8) ·--· to find that they were (9) ,- ..• -~ busy.
the death of the much-loved President. So next time a distantcousinsuggestsa get.
together,or you are invitedto three partiesi1 the
g Mark is incredibly forgetful. It would ····-··-······me
week beforeChristmas,try to think aheadand
if he remembered his mother's birthday.
considerwoether it woula be more(10) to
h The news that a circus was coming to town
be lessgenerouswith your time.
caused great ....................
among the children.

'• G Unit 10
 a
-
machi
Lead in
1 In pairs, look at the photos and discuss
these questions.
a What benefits have these inventions
brought?
b What problems have they caused?

2 Do the quiz opposite. Then compare

answers and check your score on
page 154.
3 Think about these questions, then
discuss your ideas. If youwerebuying
a [Link]
between
two
a Why do boys seem to be more similarmodels,
would you
interested in technology than girls?
b Do you think that technology can
solve these problems? If so, how?
If not, why not?
• global warming 2 'Mostof theworld'sproblemscanbesolved
• famine byscience andtechnology.'
Is thisstatement
• disease

3 Howwoulttyoureactif youswitched
onanelectrical
appliance
andIt didn'twork?

4 Whatkindof mobilehaveyougot?

6 Doyoub"-lgoodsonllne

Unil.11 •••
 Reading
Part 1 Multiple choice
1 ln the following conversation, one of the speakers is
human, and one is a computer called 'Jabberwacky'.
Can you say which is which? Give reasons for
your opinion.
How are you today?
Fine, what about you?
rm OK thanks. I'm a bit tired.
Did you sleep well last night?
No, not really.
Why not?
I drank too rn•ch coff~e.
What did you do today?
teven Spielberg's 2001 film A.I. is the story of
Nothing much. Had breakfast.
What did you eat for breakfast?
SDavid, a robot-boy who can think and feel like a
human. The film is set in the distant future, but the
Toast and coffee. [Link] not as far-fetched as it may seem at first. Today
Toast is awesome. s scientists are developing computers that are capable of
Yes. Did you have toast for breakfast?
interacting and communicating with humans.

Does French toast count? It all started in 1950 when the British mathematician
Yes.
Alan Turing, who had famously helped to break
German military codes during the Second World
How so?
10 War, asked how scientists would know whether
Well, it's bread with egg. But it's fried not toasted. computers had successfully achieved truly artificial
Yes, I know. That's why I wanted you to explain it to me. intelligence. His suggestion was that, in order for a
computer to be described as truly intelligent, it had
2 Read the text opposite about a competlrlon to to give replies in a conversation which could not be
design intelligent computers, and say which of 1; distinguished from a human's replies.
these statements is true, according to the text.
New Yorker Hugh Loebner was fascinated by the idea
a Scientists have already created computers that
of artificial intelligence, and in the early 1990s offered
can communicate exactly like humans.
S100,000 to the first program to pass the 'Turing
b Scientists may be able to make a computer that Test', that is, to successfully fool a panel of judges into
communicates like humans but it won't happen 2l thinking it was a real person. That challengehas turned
for a long time. into an annual competition, but despite 16 years of
c Scientists will never be able to make a computer trying, no technology has made that breakthrough, and
that communicates like humans. the grand prize remains unclaimed.
However, every year the judges award a prize to the
2s computer program that comes closest to passing
the test, and in 2006 the lucky winner was Joan.
She is just a few years old but is already very
talkative. loan's maker, the British entrepreneur
Rollo Carpenter, emerged victorious after a day of
:io intense competition as a quartet of software experts
and their creations battled it out in a blind test held
at University College London. The judges held typed
conversations - similar to an Internet chat program -
with all four of the challengers, before they declared
35 Joan the world's most human computer program.

•·· Umt 11
 3 Read the text again carefully, and for questions 6 According to the text, what is unusual about the
1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or O) which you tecltnology behind Joan?
think fits best according to the text. A lts store of responses grows larger as it
1 Robots such as David in Spielberg's 6Jm A.I. interacts with humans.
A are completely unrealistic. B It drives a number of programs that have
B a !ready exist.
won the competition.
C could conceivably exist in the future. C It's much better than its rivals.
D Its name, 'Jabberwacky'.
0 are being developed by scientists.
7 Joan's maker, Rollo Carpenter, is happy with the
2 According to Alan Turing, what would a
result because
computer that could think for itself be able to do?
A answer questions A the test was subjective.
B he thinks people will believe that Joan is
B win the Hugh Loebner competition
human.
C break military codes
C he won a lot of money.
D take part in a conversation with you and
make you think it was human D he has got a job working with call centre
companies.
3 When did l'he Loeb11er competition begin?
8 What is the experts' view of artificial intelligence?
A in the Second World War
A Carpenter's computer is too basic.
B about 16 years ago
B Robots will replace human workers in call
C in the 1950s centres.
0 before computer programs were invented C Carpenter will definitely win the competition
4 How many computer programs took part in the in the future.
competition this year?
D Nobody will win the Loebner competition in
A Joan and two others the near future.
B Joan and three others
C Joan and four others 4 Match a-e with 1-5 to make verb-noun
D Joan and five others collocations. Then check your answers by finding
5 What was the result of the competition? them in the text.
A Joan won the $100,000 prize. a pass 1 a prize
B Joan won tlie competition for the second time. b make 2 a conversation
C Joa.n was considered tbe most human of the C award 3 a competition
four competitors. d hold 4 a test
D None of the competitors was good enough e enter 5 a breakthrough
to win a prize.

The victory earned Carpenter a $2,000 prize and a Carpenter has already identifred a possible role for
bronze medal - and also helped him retain the title he computers like Joan. He Is working with call centre
first won last year for the first time with a computer companies to help train his robots to [Link] how
program called [Link] Joan and George are based 55 better to interact with humans, with the possibility of
40 on technology that Carpenter has named 'Jabberwacky', using them to replace human workers In the near future
What's unusual about Jabb11,rwacky is that it uses its - a prO'spect that fills many people with horror.
experience of interaction with humans to create a store
However, experts say that a program that will
from which to draw its next response. The Jabberwacky
system has entered the competition every year stnce successfully Pi!SS the Turing test and sroop the
60 S 100,000 prize is still some years away. 'We're still
45 2003, and now seems to be building up an impressive
a long way off, but I think Rollo Carpentei is onto
lead over its rivals. That may be helped by the fact
that it is always able to enlarge its database through something,' said Duncan Graham-Rowe, one of the
conversations onlioe. judges. Carp~nter is not put off, being used to the lpng
hauL The very first version of the program was written
'I'm very pleased,' said Carpenter. 'In a way this is a 65 in 1982, and ran on a Sinclair ZX811 a primitive home
50 very subjective test ... but I believe that for practical computer which had a maximum of 16K of RAM!
purposes, people will believe Joan is a human.'
 Vocabulary
etsandtheir
1 Read the advertisement below, then complete gaps 1-6 with these words.
battery life nternet access Tingtones wjreless text ..

2 Write an advertisement for this MP3 player. Use the advert in 1 as a

model, and make it sound as attractive as possible.

comfortable
headphones

mini-musie

'•• Unitll
Grammar 5 Read mixed conditional sentences l-4 and answer
questions ~-n [Link].

Comfi:tionamGR n174-t75 1 If Jane didn't have a cold, she'dgo swimming with Tom.
2 If Jane didn't have a cold, she'd have gone
swimming wi1h Tom.
1 Correct the mistakes in the underlined clauses in
a-d and name the type of conditional (zero, 1st, 3 If Josh hadn'1 spent all his money, he'd have gone
2nd or 3rd). out wirh his friends.
4 ff Josh hadn't spenl all his money, he'd go out
a rf J wouldwin the lottery. I'd buy an
with his friends.
enormous plasma television.
b If you give me a blank CD, I burn the album a Does Jane have a cold in sentence l. sentence 2
onto it for you. or both?
c If you'll press this key. it sends the text message. b Has Tom already gone swimming in sentence 1,
sentence 2 or both?
d If I knew jt was jl)egaL I wouldn't have
down loaded all those songs. c Has Josh spent all bis money in sentence 3,
sentence 4 or both?
2 In pairs, decide if future events a-fare probable d Have his friends gone out in sentence 3,
or improbable for your partner. Then, depending sentence 4 or both?
on your decision, write a question for each one
using ttie first or second conditional. 6 Complete sentences a-f with mixed conditionals.
[Link] go out this evening bwmple Harry didn't go to the party because he's
getting up early tomorrow.
Improbable - Where would you go if
you went out this evening? Harry would have gone to the party if he
weren't getting up early tomorrow.
Probable - Where will you go if you go
out this evening? a We have to wa I k to school because I he ear has
broken down.
a win the lottery
b go to the cinema a1 the weekend .......................
___ .................
if the car hadn'I broken
down.
c visit the UK this summer
.· b I won't speak to him becausehe was so rude to me.
d surf the lnterne1 a1 the weekend
I would speak to him ..........................................
___ _
e lose your mobile phone
c I'm not interested in bow this mobile works so
f not have any homework 1his evening
I didn't read the manual. '
3 In the same pairs, ask and answer the questions If I'd be\!fi interested in how this mobile works,
you wrote in 2. ___ ...................................................
·
d You didn't listen to the instructions so you don't
4 Write sentences using the third conditional as in know what to do.
the example. ---·-, you'd know what to do.
Eumrle I missed the bus so I was late for my class. e I'm annoyed because he borrowed my laptop
If I hadn't missed 1he bus, I wouldn't without asking me first
have been late for my class. ......
- .................................
___ .....if he hadn't borrowed my
laptop without asking.
a I bought a new MP3 player because I lost my
old one. f The sea isn't very warm so we didn't go swimming.
b I didn't know you liked opera, so I didn't buy ___ we'd have gone swimming.
you a ticket
7 Complete these sentences in an appropriate way.
c The burglar go1 in because I forgot 10 shut the
Try to include some mixed conditionals.
window.
a If you show me how to turn on this laptop .
d Carl didn't buy the computer because it was
so expensive. b I'd use the Internet more often if ...
e I couldn't find your number so r couldn't c If I'd known you were coming, ...
phone you. d I might have bought a motorbike if ...
e I'd have been amazed if ...
 Listening
Part 4 Multiple choice
1 Look at the photos of 'cyborgs' and answer a and b.
a Do you know what cyborgs are and what they can do?
b Have you seen any films that feature cyborgs?

2 You are going to listen to a radio programme about Steve Mann,

the cyborg in photo 4. First, read questions 1-7, but not the
options. Underline the key words in the questions. The first two
have been done for you.
1 What do you notjce first when you meet Steve Mann?
A something he's doing
B something he's wearing
C something he's looking a1
2 ~ is the main pan o[ the computer?
A in the eyepiece
B at work or at home
C concealed in his clothing
3 James Fung used the digital eye to
A fool his friends.
B entertain his friends.
C make up a story.
4 What was tbe problem with the first two versions of the digital eye?
A They were heavy and uncomfortable.
B They couldn't be worn.
C They made him look like a rabbit.
s Mann and his brother put sensors on tile stairs so that
A they knew when their parents were going to bed.
B they had lime to pretend to be asleep.
C they could hear what their parents were saying.
6 What makes Mann feel unwell?
A not wearing the digital eye
B spending too much time using the digital eye
C being called a 'cyborg' in the newspapers
7 How does Mann think that wearable computers will affect life in
the future?
A CCTV cameras will become unnecessary.
B People will become like cyborgs in science-fiction movies.
C People will have more control over their lives.
3 •.)Listen and choose the best answer, A, B or C for questions 1-7 in Z.
4 Discuss these questions.
a In what other ways can people be a mixture of 'human' and 'machine'?
b Would you like to wear a computer and eyepiece, like Steve Mann?
Why?/Why not1
c Do you agree with Steve Mann that eventually everyone will want
to be connected to a computer in this way?

•• Unit 11
Speaking
Parts 3 and 4
1 Identify the gadgets in the pictures. Do you own any of them?
What do you use them for?

2 Make a sentence for each of the gadgets as in the example.

Example If we didn't have TV remote controls, we'd have to
get up every time we wanted to change channels or
adjust the volume.

3 •j Listen to two students talking about some of the gadgets shown,

and answer the following.
a Which gadgets do they discuss?
b Which gadgets do they decide are the most useful?
c Do you agree with their opinions?

4 •) Listen again and say which of the expressions in the language box
they use.
eAgreeing
Yes,1agree (withyotl}.
••• Disagreeing
,,·-
••
••
tc,mlc;ln'tagr~ more.
l
$Qdo 1./Neithen;lo
That's right/ttue.
-
Oon'tybu thin1<thaL. ?
That's a good f)Oint, but:
,.
5 Jn pairs, do the fcillowing, using the phrases in 4 and the tip box
to help you.
• Discuss why the gadgets shown are useful, and how life would be
different without them.
• Decide which two gadgets it would be most difficult to Jive
without and why.

• Youcan use these phrases forstarting aJ>art3 discussfon:

Let's Ulikabout... first.
WecouldsranbJ'talkingabout ,
Youcan use these phrases forbringinga discussionto a close:
J think we need w tflflke a decision.
Shall we try to come,m agreement?

6 Discuss these Pan 4 4uesliu11s.

a Do gadgets always make our lives easier?
b Can you think of a gadget which is completely unnecessary?
Why is it unnecessary?
c Do you think we rely too much on computers?
d Do computers and gadgets make us antisocial?

Unit 11. ·•
 Use of English
Part 2 Open cloze
ban 0-. /bron/
vetb,mxm
• verb(-nn•) [vN]1 to decide [Link] is not
allowed tTnl 1•ROH11S1't:Chemicalwtapo11.s Qrt b(lnned
1 Look at these dictionary entries then complete the
inrernationaUy.2 [usuallypassive]~ sb from Slh/from gaps in sentences a-c.
doing sth to ordersb not to do nh, go SOll\C\-'i'here,
etc.,
[Link]~lly:He 1V<1Sbcumtdfrom lhe meeting.o a Some pressure groups have proposed a ban ··········-···
She'sbfcll ba1111tJ/rom ltavingGrem wl1lletheollegatitm.s
are iJ1vt'Stigated.
•) (BtE)He wt1sba111ttd/romdriving/or sfa:
genetic engineering.
months. b Who is responsible ··········-·
.....organising the trip 10
~
• ,1oun (on sth)an [Link]~t says that sth is not
allowed:rhe:rtLS cobf. a zotalban on .smokingin theoffice. the science museum?
◊ to impose/lift a ban
c Cathy spends a lot of money .. ·······-·...computer
games.

2 Complete sentences a-g with these prepositions,

re-spon-sible Ow /rl'S})tll\sabl; NAmf-'spo;n-/ then check your answers in a dictionary.
odj,
• HAVINGJ0BJ0urv 1 ~
{for sb/sth) I ~ {for doing slh) f6r on \O with
havingthe job or dutyordoingsthor rakingcareof sb/
sth,soth:nyoumaybe blamedif sthgoes wrong:Mikeis
[Link] c!digttirigritetucirt project o £ven whtn! a In the future we will rely-··- robots to do
p,ll'enu no lon~r live togetlre,;they ead1 cMcinueco be
ll.Spo11sibk
for [Link]•trt. menial tasks.
b There's something wrong···-············this DVD
player. J can't get it to record.
c Jack Kilby won a Nobel prize in 2000 for his
contribution ....... _..........
computer science.
spend 0-,, /spend/ verb,nou11
■ verb{spent,spent/sJ>ent/}1 ~ sth{on sth/on doiogsth) d My brother has applied ...................
a job with IBM.
co give moneyU) P,.'l.Y for [Link],etc.: [VN] I've
sperican my mo,1ey already. <>Shespent£100 011 a new e There's a strong demand ···-· ........3G mobile
d.i't\$$, o (VN •ingj 171ecompanyhersspem thow,a,[Link]
p0u11d$ [Link] syscems.(alsov} phones this Christmas.
f Scientists are trying to develop robots that are
similar ·-···-····-···
.. humans.
Oxford AdvancedLearner'sDicrionary.71h edition g You can use this software on a Mac, but it isn't
compatible-··········-··-··Windows.

, 3 Read the text opposite, then complete gaps 1-12

with one word each.

4 In which gaps in 3 did you need to add

a a preposition after a verb?
·J a preposition after a an adjective?
c a preposition after a noun?

•• Unit 11
 Vocabulary

1 Read the compound nouns in the

box, then answer questions a and b.
-x· ..
Internet access mobile phone
search engine artificial intelligence
instant messaging

a Which of them are fom:ed from

two nouns?
b Which of them are formed from
an adjective and a noun?

2 Complete a-e with compound

nouns from l.
a Googleis the most popular ....
on the Internet ..
b My teenage daughter sits at
her computer all day using
____ co chat with her
friends ..
c It's illegal to use a ...........................
..
while you're driving, unless you
have hands-free equipment.
d You can get ___ ······through
any nun1ber of Internet service
providers.
e Scientists researching .............
.
have developed computers that
can understand human speech..

T
his week has seen ° .....
th<? . largest ever display of footballing
skills - by robots. RoboCup 2007, the World Cup in robotic
football, has been taking 1- ..·-······.... at an American University,
3 Read the lip box, then form
compound nouns for a-f using
with teams 2 ...........
robots from all around the world participating.
these words .. Check your answers
The contestants in the Humanoid League are similar 3············-·· and spelling in a dictionary.
...
children in size, while those competing 4 ...,............
are 5............
the Nano-Cup
-.. small that a microscope is needed to see then.
Compared to their human equivalents, robotic footballers 6····-·-······
board
screen
lap
site
text life
..•

many advantages: they can keep playing all day, they don't talk
a key ............ d computer__ _
back, and 7 ..............
they ask for more money, you can simply take
b web.................. e .................
top
out their batteries.
c bat1ery ................
f ..................
message
Experts are confident that in less 8............ "50 years' time,
football-playing robots capable of taking on 9...................
human side A, [Link] wrinen
will have 10 ..................created ..And the technology developed in order ~- as ll single'Word,someas two'Words,
11 .......
_ ...,... make RoboCup possible will be used after the World Cup for and some-wjt)laJlypben,Cheek1n
more important things such 12..................search and rescue missions. yow dictionary if-y.oµaren't sure_

Unit 11 e ·•
 Writing
Part 1 A letter of complaint Dear Sir or Madam,

1 Read the letter of complaint opposite Order number RX5468J

and say which of these complaints 1 am writing to complain about a Sonitech LCD .
tbe customer is making. television which I bought recently from your we_bs1te,
a The wrong product was sent. [Link]. Although you claim
b They were overcharged. your ser-;ice is 'unbeatable', it certainly leaves
c The product was damaged. a lot to be desired.
d The product was delivered late. First of all, 1 ordered a 32-inch television, but you
e The product didn't work. sent me one with a 28-inch screen. Secondly, I placed
f They didn't get a response to their the order on 17th December, but despite the fact .
complaints. that you guaranteed to deliver it before Chnstmas, it
didn't arrive until 28th December. This was extremely
2 Read the phrases in the language disappointing as it was a Christmas present for
box and say which ones Sheila uses my husband.
in her letter. Finally, 1should like to complain about your customer
service department. I contacted you on a number of
• Expressing contrast occasions via your website. However, I did not receive
a reply to my emails or even an acknowledgement that
you had received them. I also tried phoning, but the
line was either engaged or I was put through to an
AlthoughlEventhough... answering machine.
However .. 1would be most grateful if you would arrange to collect
. whereas the television and give me a full refund. I look forward
... but ... to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully

3 Complete sentences a-f with an appropriate phrase from 2.

a ....................
not receiving the goods, my credit card was charged
the full amount.
b The handset I have received is purple, ....................
the one in
the advertisement is blue.
c __ I ordered the computer in May, it did not arrive
umil August.
d The special offer included free headphones. . these
did not arrive.
e The technical support staff were friendly .......... not very
knowledgeable.
f I have heard nothing from the manufacturers, ................. having
written lo them twice .

•• Unit11
 4 Read the task below, and the advertisement with the notes. For each
note write a sentence u~ing one of the phrases in 2. In one cl:iunc
mention what you expected or what the website claimed, in tbe other
clause say what actually happened.
Lxam ,le Although you promised to deliver the phone before
Christmas, l didn't receive it umil 27th December.

You saw this advertisementon the Internet and ordereda mobile [Link]
were not happy with the service you [Link] advertiseimnt and
the notes you [Link] a Jetterof complaint to the company,mentioning
the things you were unhappyabout. Ask for a full refund or your money.

5 Write a letter of 120-150 words. Include the sentences you wrote in 4.

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Urut 11 (D ·•
 - .... -
-w,fl~~ ~- ,..•

Review Complete sentences a-e with compound nouns.

One part of each compound (either the first or the
second) is given in brackets.
1 Read the definitions a I've got a wireless ................
on my computer.
in a-d and complete
(key)
the words they define.
b If you leave your MP3 player switched on, you
a something that helps may shonen ils ...................
(life)
you use your mobile phone
c ..................
is an area of compu1er science that
without having to hold il to your ear
focuses on creating machines that can think.
w................
headset (intelligence)
b a way of sending very quick 1ext messages d My dad takes his ___ with him every
between computers morning so that he can work on lhe train. (lap)
i m e If you're planning to sell goods on the Internet,
c to send a wriuen message between mobile phones you need a well-designed ....................
(web)
l
d the sot,nd ;i mobile phonP m~kes when someone 4 Complete the sentences with a word or phrase that
is calling you expresses contrast. There may be more than one
r .............
. possible answer.
a .........he's very wealthy, he's very careful with
2 Make complete sentences by matching a-h with 1-8. his money.
a More and more people are getting interested b iPods are fantastic gadgets. They are, ............... ,
b The high demand quite a bit more expensive than most MP3 players.
c I am responsible c John doesn't have a mobile phone, ............ _. his
d You can't rely sister Kate has three!
e There's a lotal ban d I do like Peter, .................
I have to say, he can be
f My sister [Link] applied very moody and difficult.
g George seems to be completely unable to learn e Sciemists have built computers that can
h The huge increase in air travel has made a understand speech ...............this, I don't think
significanl contribution they will ever develop a machine that can
[Link] think.
1 on Mark to keep a secret.
f I thought I'd lost my mobile. ··········-······
, it turned
2 for a place to study medicine at university.
up in my wife's handbag.
3 to global warming.
4 from his mistakes. s Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
5 in technology. a I'm writing io complain of a DVD player I
6 for oil has pushed prices up. bought from you.
7 on smoking in our office. b You have charged me over by .£10.
8 for keeping the website updated. c I nied to contact to you on a number of
occasions, without success.
d I would be most grateful when you would give
me a full refund.
e I look forward to hear from you.

eG IJmt 11
 -
Make..,._differen.ee 12
Lead in
1 Imagine that your favourite leisure centre is about to be closed
down and you want to save it. Read the ideas [Link] say
which action is most likely to have an impact, in your opinion.
a writing to a local politician
b starting an Internet petition
c organising a protest march
d handing out leaflets in the street
e putting up posters around town
f contacting the local press/radio/TV
g staging a publicity stum (e.g. chaining yourselves
to the gates)
h painting slogans on walls around town

2 Have you ever taken part in any of the actions irom 1

or do you know someone who has? If so, did they have
any effect?
3 Discuss what you think these charities and organisations
aim to do and how. Try to agree on the three most important
and effective.

~ Save the Children

•
©
®

WWF
Oxfam
Unit12 G ·•
 Reading
Part 3 Multiplematching
1 Read the text opposite quickly, then match
sections A-0 with the photos.

2 Read the text again carefully, then for questions

1-15, choose from the people or groups A-0.
Which person or group
l risked death or serious injury
2 targets people who take themselves too seriously?
3 protested against a company's methods of food
production?
4 has very well-known supporters?
S made a long journey on their hands and knees?
6 ate an unusual meal as a way of protesting?
7 is more likely 10 repeat the stunt if people get
annoyed?
8 was very unpopular with animal rights groups?
9 acted in support of peace?
JO got into trouble with the law?
11 used an unusual costume to gain media attention?
12 uses food as a weapon?
13 found a protest very unpleasant?
14 has performed similar stunts in various countries?
15 makes well-known people the object of his stunts?

3 Complete the verb + noun collocations in a-g then

check your answers by finding them in the text.

bring cause earn become make raise have

a to ...................
front page news (1. 4)
b a dislike
10 .................... for somebody (I. 15)
c lo .................
a target (I. 31)
d to ..................
(public) awareness (I. 40)
e 10 ............... something to someone's attention (I. 46)
f a scandal (I. 61)
10 ....................
g to .....................
yourself a nickname (I. 86)

4 Giving reasons, say which of the stunts described

was, in your opinion
a lh" ,nosl uuu~uaJ
b the most physically demanding
c for the best cause .

•• Unit12
 1JNoel Godin
1s Noel Godin is a Belgian writer, critic and actor, who has
a particular dislike for public figures whom he considers
to be sel~lmportant .or lacking In a sense of humo·uq11s
form of protest:againsrthese people is"nove.1:he pushes
a large cream:pie Into their face. His most fa,m!)us
20 victim is probJ1bl¥Bill Gates, head of software company
Microsoft and one of the wealthiest men in the world.
He 'cream-pied'.Gates In :1.9.98,an Incident which made
it onto news [Link] around the world. Hehas also
singled out several French celebrities, lncludlng politician
25 Nicolas Sarnoty and film-maker [Link]: Godin
Insists that !)is aetions are non-violent; he ls careful to
use very soft cakes filled with cream and -perhaps<1 little
. chocolate; If hls,ylctlm ·reacts badly fo th,e [Link]/Godin
;; does 1\ agafn,afa,ratet date:The French,phltosopfler ,;
ao Bernard•Henfi Lew became so angni With GQdlntlrat hf!
has become a regular target, and has nbw been cream:
pied [Link]." • ''
" •

DPETA
PETA.(Peopletor the Ethical Treatment of Animals~
claims to be thft largest anlmal tights or~anisati!ln ln·the
35, world. It has [Link] high-profile faces behind It, l~ch1dlng
" Hollywoodstar Pli,mela•Anderson,who,hel:P._to focus medf;i
attenticmon (heltcampalg/ls. One ongoing [Link]
'Tuagal/isfthe icfktoodchain KFC,whom fhey,aeciise bt
animal cruel!)'; acl)arge the company denies. Iii'2005, to
40 raise public ~w11rene,sof this campaign, a PeTAvoluntee.r
fn the USAdressed up as a giant chicken and, sitting m•..
a wheelchair,·repeatedlycrossed the road .outside a KFC
franchise In Columbia, South [Link]
visited_therestaurant·duringthis time were not' dissuaded
45 from buy(ngfood th~re, but the protest achieved its wider
objectlve, If appeared Of) TV new$, thU• brfMlng the l1o•ue
to the attenti9n of the publlc. is!
~-'.,::{

~ B Mark McGowan
Mark McGpwari'J~-
. -~" ·"· "'
part protestor, part performaoc&al1($t.
·His eye-catching stunts are Intended to attract attention
!iO and make people think. In 2003, in order 19 protest 1';'1 Alain Robert
about students·h<1Ving to borrow mo11eyto p_ayfor their ._.
university studies, [Link] his nose to push a peanut to In .March'2003, Alaln Robert climbed one of the tallest
along the pa,ietnent for -1;0kllomeves, finishing outside buildings In faris, tl)e 180m TotaJFhwElfskyscraper,
the Prime Minister'[Link] resi9ence In DowningStreet. with his bare hands. A crowd of onlookers and officials
55 In December 2005, tie crawled from [Link] Caoterbury watched [Link] he mad11the ascent:wlthou.t ropes
(appro)(lmate'ly·130!(llometre,s)to r;;ilse awareness of , or any 9ther form of safety,equiptnent,:we:arlng a T-shirt
lonellness.,~tC~Jfslgifs.:Earfl.\l!that ye~r, b,._? !!'-rned_on i/i/ 1i .befif1/:l ,i!.tt~h!i-war slogan. Tile cr,owtfc~eered when,;after
,;,a tap in_an ~11g~llerY ill ~ondon and [Link]~hl?lea'le .... 45, i:nhiute!~~e safely reached the, tO)! !'!·tpe b~~dlng, ,'I'
,,,it running for a year, wastlng ·:15'f11illionJit{[Link] YJater •• whe~e the p0Uc11 were waiting to arrest lli,'!1·R!lmblng tall
60 - althqugh the [Link]·he was-protestlng_against bulld,ings, witti•orv,,ithout permission from the authorities,
forced him to tyJil i1off after a month; lh.;!OQ(',~e caused , has become somettilng of an obsessiop,for Robert. He
a scandal by-eating a swan as a protest against the so claims It begari a,t the age ot 12 when ~.!' forgot his keys
monarchy. According to an old law, all swans in the UK and was locked out of his parents' eighth-floor apartment.
are tl)e property ot the queen, and eating one Is a crime. Instead of waiting until they returned home,,Alaln cllmbed
65 However,it was hot the police who objected but animal up the outside. of the tower block and got fn through a
rights activists! Eatil)lfthe swan was not an enjoyable window. SlhCe (hen, he has climbed some of the tallest
experience,esp~JaU{as McGowanIs a fong,gtandlng,, , as bufldJngs ln,thi w,orJd,1ncluding Jhe Petro~<1s'Twln Towers
vegetari,mi'ls'uffer for,my art; nefoSi.d.'[Link], In Mat11ysfa'~- twice, No',wonderhe has earned himself the
greasi'and .tatty.' ~ , ·' 'i '" ;,: • _fi,'' ~- r\icknam,;;the·[Link]::h Spiderrnan'. :;0 •\t, •
«i :;,;-, :'?'. 0c •
 Vocabulary Grammar
Achievement and success Causative verbs: Jiave, make, let
and get GR p175
1 Complete phrases a-e with the words below.

achieve ambition manage succeed target 1 Complete gaps 1-5 in the text with the correct
forms of have, let, get or make.
a fulfil/realise a/an .........................
.
b reach a/an .............
.
C ____
d ____
success
....to do something
Students back
e ____ in doing something hair protest
2 Rewrite sentencesa-d using the verb in brackets
Students at a college have staged a protest at the
in the correct form.
treatment of a fellow student. The row began
a The protestors were not successful in changing
when Gavin Trent, 17, 1____ his hair dyed
the government's policy. (manage)
with the colours of his favourite football team. At
b Sophia Coppola was successful in the film
first, the school would not 2____ Gavin attend
industry at a young age. (achieve)
classes with his new hairstyle, claiming that it
c Despite winning Pop Idol, she was unable to
make a career in music. (succeed) might 3____ fans of other teams become
d Last year, students from our school cycled aggressive. After discussions, Gavin 4___ _
around Britain to raise money for Oxfam, and the school to change its mind and allow him back
successfully raised a figure of .£60,000.(reach) into school, but he was 5 to wear a hat
during lessons.
3 Complete sentences a-e with the words below.

achievable achievement realisation

success successful 2 Complete sentences a-g with the verbs in the box.
!J~e the correr.r form nf [Link] + part participle.
a Winning an Olympic gold medal was the
...................
- ...........
of a lifelong ambition. cut decorate deliver develop
b Failure is not an option; we expect········--- service steal take
c The first ...........................
- .. non-stop fHght across the
Atlantic was made in 1919. a l must ...............
my car ....................
The engine's
making an odd sound.
d Discovering the tomb of Tutankhamen was
Howard Carter's greatest ..............................
. b We ....................
our living-room .....................
last week. II
looks fantastic with its fresh coat of paint.
e Learning to drive in a month is difficult,
c Many [Link] hate ___ their photos ..................
.
but ...........................
.
by press photographers.
4 In pairs, tell each other about d When did you last ...................
your hair .....................
?
• an ambition that you have realised. e We ....................
three newspapers........... -. on
• an ambition that you have not yet fulfilled. Sundays.
• some1hing that you hope to achieve within f One advaniage of a digital camera is that you
the next year. dorn need the
10 .................... ]Jktures ....................
.
g If you leave your mobile phone visible in the car
you're likely to ....................
it-···

•• Unit 12
3 Look at the pictures and say what 5 In pairs, talk about what your parents made you do or let you
work the owners of this house have do when you were younger, as in the example. Use the phrases
had done. Write sentences as in the below and your own ideas.
example using the verbs below. • stay up late
build cut paint remove • tidy your bedroom
• learn a musical instrument
repair replace
• wash your own clothes
Example They've had the front door • surf the Internet
replaced. • have a computer in your bedroom
• watch anything you liked on TV
4 Complete sentences a-fusing make,
in active or passive form, and an Example Did your parents Jet you stay up late?
appropriate verb. Not very late. I had 10 go 10 bed before seven until
a The film had a very sad ending I was about 10 years old.
that ..............................
me ...............................
. Did they make you tidy your bedroom?
b When J was younger I ___ _ Yes, they did, but not very often.
10 minutes of violin practice every
evening by my parents. 6 Say what would you do in each of these situations using have,
c In the nineteenth century many gee,make and le1.
British eh ildren ..................................
long a You are at a party and somebody spills orange juice on your
hours in factories. new jacket.
d l think i've made myself b Your best friend asks you to lend them a lot of money.
clear. Don't ____ me
c You see a group of teenagers in the street painting graffiti
myself.
on a wall.
e That song always ................. me d You have ordered some books on the Imernet bul they
____ of college. I used to
haven't arrived two weeks later.
listen to it all the time as a student.
e Your neighbours' son keeps on kicking his ball into your
f At the surgery Sam _____ ......... for
garden.
over an hour to see the doctor.
f You see a young woman shoplifting.

Unit 12 G ••
Listening
Part 2 Sentencecompletion
1 Look at the photos. See if you can name the 2 •~Listen to theextract from a radio programme
celebrities and match them with the campaigns and check your ideas in 1.
that they have supported.
a make poverty history
3 •~ Listen again and complete sentences 1-10.
1 Recently a lot of celebrities have become .
b fair trade
involved in __ _
c ban the fur trade
2 The pop star Sting started working for charities
d campaign to protect native people
during the ···-· ....................
.
3 Mike says that the purpose of Sling's fo1'ndation
is to protect the ____ and its inhabitants.
4 Sting and the Kayapo leader travelled the world
for months.
5 Lisa belongs to the Coldplay___ _
6 [Link] away ____ of the money
the band makes to charity.
7 Coldplayperformed at a charity concert
in .........................
_
8 The British singer Jamelia agreed to be
covered in ······-····· ..······-·-··-·-·
feathers.
9 Jamelia said that to many fans ······---
are less important than musicians.
10 Naomi Campbell was booed at
a fashion show because she wore
a ................................
.

Can you name any other celebrities

who are associated with charities?
Why do you think celebrities get involved
in charity work?
~~
• J

--
,,,,-,,#,;,
--
".., ,: ~
/
(, ..

,I# ✓
-~:( Op
•

,i

eG Unit 12
Speaking
Part 2
1 Match these words and phrases to 3 Compare the photos and say how life is different for the lions,
photos I and 2. following the advice in the tip box.

enclosure freedom man-made 4 lo pairs, decide which lions have the better life, i.n your opinion,
natural habitat protected and why.
social group solitary
5 Say whether you agree or disagree with these statements.
Give reasons.
A Beginby makingfactual a It's cruel to keep animals in zoos.
'ilii'including
statements about the photos.
the most obvious
b Zoos help to save animals from extinction.
c It doesn't matter if animal species become extinct. It's natural.
similaritiesand [Link]
move on to comments which involve
opinionor sp€culation.

2 Read the tip box, then decide which

of a-g are factual, and which convey
an opinion or speculation.
a Photo 1 shows a solitary lion
whereas photo 2 shows a group
of lions.
b I would imagine that the lion in
photo 1 is quite bored.
c The lion in photo 1 is in a zoo
or safari park.
d The lion in photo 1 probably has
to cope wilh 1:ruwus uf uuisy
visitors every day.
e It's likely that the lions in pl1oto2
are more exposed to dangers.
f The lion in photo 1 looks
slightly depressed, in my view.
g Photo 2 shows a group of lions
in their natural environment.

-• Unit 12 G ••
 Use of English living
Part 1 Multiple-choicecloze black Chevrolet O into a filling station
A and out steps Hollywoodstar Daryl Hannah.
She undoes the petrol cap and starts filling up.
1 Find the adjectives in italics in a-h in a dictionary and say
whether one or both are possible in the sentences. Then she pours herself a 1. . .. glass of the
green fuel, straight from the pump, and drinks it
a Most of the information in that article is false/untrue. without a 2 hesitation.
b In the past, most people over the age of SOhad false/untrue
teeth. This attention-grabbing 3_ . .. appears on
Hannah's 'vlog· (video biog) and is part of her
c The carnpsite is next to a broad/wide river. new identity. The vlog, which features a new
d This leaflet will give you a broad/wide idea of the services segment every week. reveals Hannah·s
4 .. . . experience of the latest in green living.
we offer.
e He refused to discuss his divorce, saying it was a personal/ Topics have 5 . environmentally friendly
buildings, vegan diet, gorillas in Rwanda and
private matter. biodiesel - one of Hannah·s favourite issues.
Stories are usually more convincing when they're wri:ten
from personal/private experience. Best 1<nown ror ner roles In 6 ... nits
like Blade Runner, Splash and Kill Bill,
g The Chrysler Building is one of the highest/tallest buildings
Hannah has a long-standing comnitment
in New York. 7 . .. .... environmental living. But she's only
h He poured the lemonade into a high/tall glass. recently started 8_.............. her gree1 lifestyle to
the attention of the public.
2 Read tl1e text opposite, ignoring the gaps, and say whether
•People have to know that there are options
sentences a-c about Daryl Hannah are true or false. 9 to us today,' she said. ·There is another
a She wants people to try 'green living' and thinks tbey will way, and it is practical and applicable now.'
like it.
Hannah·s focus on solutions reac1es people in
b She rarely talks about environmental issues because she
a way that protest and confrontation can't. All
dislikes confrontation. she wants is for people to 10 it a try.
c She makes videos about environmental issues but is not
committed to them in her personal life. ·11you eat only vegetables and frLits that you
grow yourself in your garden, or organic food,'
she says, 'it tastes so 11._. ....... better and is
3 Read the text again carefully and for 1-12 decide which answer better for you, you can't really go 12 to
(A, B, C or DJ best fits each gap. supermarket food:
0 A arrives :B pulls C reaches D stops
1 A tall B high C extended D lengthy
2 A single B moment C moment's D second
3 A scene B picture C view D animation
4 A private B personal C personable D separate
s A contained B followed C added D included
6 A bang B crash C splash D smash
7 A for B of C to D in
8 A making B bringi1)g C having D letting
9 A possible B available C ready D easy
JO A do B have C give D make
11 A more 8 many C far D much
12 A up B down C back D out

•• Unit 12
Vocabulary
Compound adjectives
1 Match a-h with 1-8 to form compound adjectives.
a eye- I quenching
b labour- 2 catching
c thirst- 3 saving
d record- 4 warming
e time- s watering
f heart 6 consuming
g mouth• 7 eating
h meat- 8 breaking
2 Complete sentences a-h with compound adjectives
from 1.
a Tyrannosaurus Rex was a············-·····-············ dinosaur
whereas most dinosaurs were herbivores and ate
plants.
b _____ devices like washing machines and
dishwashers have made Iife much easier.
c I don't think people will notice such a small
advenisement - we need something more
,_,, .....
............................
d Fizzy drinks aren't as ___ as water.
e She ran the last lap of the race in just 45 seconds
- a ......................................
achievement.
f Picking grapes by hand is very _____ so
the job is done hy m;[Link]~ in m;iny vinpy;irrls.
g There was a ............... ,___ story on the news last
night about a teenager who dived into a river and
pulled a little gid to safety.
h This book contain hundreds of ............... __ _
recipes. I highly recommend it.

3 Rew rite sentences a-e replacing the underlined

phrases with compound adjectives, as in the example.
Example He used to be a layabout, who ate
chocolate and watched TV.
He used to be a chocolate-eating,
TV•watcbing layabout.
a Newspapers always put headlines that will grab
peop1e·s attenrjon on the front page.
b He's always coming up with interesting ideas IQ.
make monel(.
c My uncle runs a company that cleans wjndows.
d In Nicaragua, Jinotega and Matagalpa are the
largest areas where theygrow coffee.
e The film which won an award is being shown
on TV tonight

Unit12 G ·•
 Writing
Part 2 An article

1 Read the exam task below, then

number the paragraphs in the
article in tile correct order. Say
which words helped you.

2 Say which of 1-9 are

a usually used in formal writing
b usually used in informal writing
c used in both formal and
informal writing
not only ... but also
2 furthermore
3 in addition
4 on top of that
5 what's more
6 to make matters worse
7 moreover
8 as well as
9 besides

3 Find five of the phrases in 2 in the

article.

How couldthe environmentbe rmproved

In yourtown or Y1llage?Tell us your Ideas
for three changesthat you think should
be made.
0 Thirdly, I would ban lorries from driving through
the town centre. They cause a lot of noise and
pollution and what's more, they put people off
cycling, because cyclists are afraid they will get
knocked off their bikes.
0 First, I would have the multi-storey car park In
the town centre demolished. Not only is it a 0 We would all like to make our towns and villages
very ugly building, but It also attracts eriminals, more pleasant places to live and work in. If I
especially after dark. Moreover, removing the car could make three changes to my hometown of
park would make people use public transport for Monkton, this Is what I would do.
coming into town.
D secondly, I would nave tne area around the
0 To sum up, If you visited Monkton, I'm sure you'd lake cleaned up. At the moment, the banks are
agree that these simple ehanges would make it a covered with litter. In addition, I would get the
much more attractive town, as well as Improving council to install some litter bins and erect some
the quality of life of its inhabitants. picnic tables .

•- • \I
'
' '.
•• Unit12
• ~
.f
~
4 Correct the underlined mistakes in a-e.
a Besides 19.J!;m cars from the centre.
I'd have the roads resurfaced.
b Cars cause a lot of pollution as well
as they are noisy.
c Not only there are not enough buses
but they are old and dirty.
d Moreover is the town hall old, it's
also ugly.
e In addition to clean up the park
I'd have a children's playground
installed.

5 Read the tip box, then find examples of

how the writer has attempted to involve
the reader.

A Involveyourreadersby addressing
'ii' them directly,and by using the personal
pronounsI. weand you.

6 Imagine you have seen the

announcement in 1 in a magazine
called [Link] in pairs and
decide on three areas for change, using
the ideas below to help you.
air quality noise recycling
public transport buildings and roads
facilities shops parks and public
spaces trees and plants

7 For each of the areas you chose in 6,

write two sentences about how things
could be improved. Try to use each of
these grammatical structures
at least once.
a have something done
b get someone to do something
c make something + adjective
d make someone do something
e would/wouldn't let someone do
something
Example rct make people pick up tl1e1r
litter, or pay a fine.
8 Write your answer to the task in 1 in
120-180 words.

Unit 12 e ·•
 Review 4 Read the text below and decide which answer
{A, 8, C or D) best fits each gap 1-10.
1 A biggest B strongest C largest D grandest
1 Complete a-d using these verbs in the correct form.
2 A reply B response C answer D solution
manage reach realise succeed 3 A engineered B filled C fed D powered
4 A any B many C much D some
a The online petition .....................................
in forcing the
5 A increased B raised C grew D lifted
government to change their policy.
6 A difference B change C alteration D warming
b My grandfather always wanted to own a small
hotel. He was nearly 60 years old before he 7 A classes B subjects C lectures D lessons
____ his ambition. 8 A absolu1e B whole C complete D tocal
c Protestors .........................
- ...........
to throw paint over the 9 A does B deals C makes D
visiting politician. 10 A do B ge1 C have
d Local shops hope to raise $1 million for Africa,
and so far they are about halfway to

2
.....................................
their target.
Complete the sentences using a word formed from
BICCREEN
the word in brackets.
Example The exam was difficult, but I found it
GATHEIINC
___ (manage)
The exam was difficult, but I found it
O ne of the (1) ..............
questions in the battle
against climate change Is:
.

manageable. can our modern lifestyle

really be sustained by
a The invention of dynamite was Alfred Nobel's
alternative energy sources
best-known _____ . (achieve)
alone? A community called The
b All across Europe we must _____ reduce Big Green Gathering Is attempting
carbon emissions. (success) to prove that the (2) ...............
, to
c Meeting President Clinton was the .................................
. this question is yes. Even though the
of a longstanding ambition. (realise) community has a population of 20,000 people,
it uses no fossil fuels at all. Vehicles within the
d Fair crade is only-··········--- with the
cooperation of richer nations. (achieve) community are (3) ...... _ ......by vegetable oil or grass.
Solar and wind power provide the electricity for the
e After several _____ attempts to find work,
(4) ....··-······-··nightclubsand bars.
Kevin moved to a different town. (success)
The Big Green Gathering (5) .. ··-·····..out of the
3 Rewrite sentences a-e replacing the compound hippy movement of the 1970s, which promoted an
adjectives with a clause. alternative lifestyle. But these days, you don't have
Example ll was a life-changing experience for me. to be a hippy to care deeply about climate
(6) ···~··➔• .. .. • It's something we all should worry
It was an experiencethat changedmy life. about, and festivals like these can teach us
a There are three Chinese-speaking members of important (7) ...............about how to make our
staff where I work. lifestyle more ecologically friendly.
b I've just boughc a bread-making machine. In some ways, this is like any other music festival,
c A tarantula is a large, bird-eating spider. with a main stage, giant loudspeakers and rows of
d This magazine is full of money-saving ideas. lights, Watching and listening as a band performs
on stage, you would assume that that enormous
e The goalkeeper was not really injured - it was
petrol-driven generators were being used to provide
just a time-wasting taccic.
power. But In fact, the (8) .. .... ...., thing is powered
by solar panels. And away from the music, you
can meet Alex Gadsen, who (9) ___ the festival
laundrette. Alex has invented a pedal-powered
washing machine, so you can get a work-out as
you (10) ·········-·····-·
your washing!

.e Unit 12
 The circle of life
Lead in page 9
3 Paris Hilton (photo 1) and Nikki Hilton (photo 6) are sisters.

Sophia Coppola {photo 2) and Nicolas Cage (photo 1) are cousins.

Jade Jagger (photo 3) are Mick Jagger (photo 7) are daughter and father.

Joaquin Phoenix (photo 5) and River Phoenix (photo 8) were brothers.

10 All in the mind

Lead in page 117
3

What'syour learning style?

Mostly 'A' answers: You have a visual learning style. You learn best by looking at
pictures, charts, films and diagrams. You remember from seeing rather than listening.

Mostly 'B' answers: You have an auditory learning style. You learn best by listening to
explanations, talking, and repeating things out loud. Your remember things you have
heard more than things you have seen.

Mostly 'C' answers: You have a kinaesthetic learning style. You learn best by doing,
moving and touching. The best way for you to learn a language, for example, is by
interacting with other learners.

Appendix e ·•
 10
Lead in page 117
4 Look at the photos and answer these questions.
a Which person didn't introduce themselves earlier?
b Can you remember the other five names?
c What else can you remember about them?
d Did anybody in the class remember everything
about each person?

Grammar page 121

51A 2C 3B 4A SA 6C

Man and machine

Lead in page 129
2
ARE YOUA TECHNOPHILEOR TECHNOPHOBE?

14-18 Youarea technophile.

Youareinterested
in gadgets
andcomfortable
with innovations
andnewtechnology_
8-13 Youaren'tverylnterestetl
lo technolo!IY
Jorits [Link] what
technology
candoror you. •
6-8 Vollarea technophobe.
Youaren'tinterested
In [Link],
andperhaps areafraidof,newtechnology,

e9 Appendix
 -
Guide
Part 1 A letter or email
You saw this job advertisement in a magazine called Jobs Abroad. Read the
advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write an email application
for the job, using all yow· notes. Write 120-150 words.

We are looking for Sports and Activities Organisers to

work in our summer camp for teenagers in Scotland.

Email us and tell us why you want the job and what you teff ft,e,,,,.
------------------t--
could bring ~to:_!!it:_.

It doesn't matter where you come from as long as you

------------!---
have a good comma_n_d_o_f_E_n_g_lis_h_. g,ve [Link].,fs.

/[Link] will be provided. ---------

We will be interviewing short-listed applicants in London.

ttsk for d-eta.,fs.
,s if free?

[Link] wi,e,,

Writing Guide 9 •e
 reoe New Message C) '
-
~ n f,if; J'~ l~ ...i!J..:j (!.,;;i;)
Send Ch~t.. At1.3,ch AcldrC:S$ Fonu Colors Save As o,.:ift
..
]
To:' ltlFO@[Link]

From: JOANNA MURDOCH

-- - - _.,. --- ---_... ...........
- - - __

=. Subject: APPLICATION FOR A JOB AT CAMPUK (2)

Dear Sir or Madam, (1)

I am writing to apply for the post of Sports and Activities Organiser, (7) as advertised in
Jobs Abroad magazine. (3) (4)

I would very much welcome the opportunity to spend the summer working at Camp UK
in Scotland as (6) I enjoy working with teenagers, (7) and would also like to get to know
more about life and customs in the UK. Moreover, (6) I am a keen sportsperson and
enjoy horse-riding, tennis and volleyball. (4)

I have a good command of English, (7) having studied it at school for eight years, and I
have also (6) spent a month at a summer school in Ireland. (4)

I would be grateful if you could tell me what type of accommodation (7) you provide and what
it costs. Could you also (6) let me know when you will beholding the interviews? (4) (7)

I look forward to hearing from you. (5)

Yours faithfully (1)

Joanna Murdoch

1 If you begin the letter or email with Dear •• Phrase Bank

Sir or Madam, finish with Yours faithfully.
If you begin with Dear (Mr Smith), finish Giving a reason for writing_
with Yours sincerely.
ramwtiting to app],9'for .. '
2 If you are asked to write an email, you will I al)l writing tQ_enquireaboµt ., .
be given a printed email heading so you do .!..
am writfngto complainabout ...
not need to make one up. I am writing in response to ...
3 Start by saying why you are writing.
4 Divide the letter into three or four short Applyin for a jol:i
paragraphs, each with its own topic. thave considetableexperience of
I considermyselfto be ..
5 If you expect a reply to your letter write 'I I wouldwelcome he opportunity to ...
look forward to hearing from you.' after the
final paragraph.
Requesting information
6 Use linking words to join ideas and
sentences. 'd be u•ati:,fulii you could tell me ,,.
Could youplease let-me know ... ?
7 Refer to the input information but do not
copy out large parts of it.
Complaining
8 Use a style appropriate to the situation, and Lwish-tocomplalRin the strongest possible terms -about...
maintain the same style throughout the
letter or email. am not satisfied with ...
·----'::...::.~;::;_~;.;;;;~.;;;;;;==;!;::::;:=:;:;:-;:.;;.:.:;:••;;_;;;::;;:;~~
..:;;.;:

e G Writing Guide
Part 2 A letter
You have recei\'ed a letter from a friend in an English-speaking country,
telling you what they did in the summer holidays. Write a letter back
telling them what you did in the holidays. Write 120-180 words.

1 l nvent a name for the person Dear Sally (1)

you are writing to. Thanks for your letter. {2) It sounds like you had a great
2 Mention the correspondence summer. I really enjoyed the holidays too, but they
that you have received. Thank weren't long enough! (3) (4)
the person for it or react to it in As soon as school broke up I went off to Spain with my
some way.
parents. We stayed in a lovely little village on the north
3 Use informal language, coast and spent loads of time on the beach or walking in
contractions, some short the mountains. (4)
sentences, phrasal verbs and
(one or two) exclamation When I came back (3) I spent three works working in a
marks. cafe. At first I was in the kitchen, washing up - I hated
that. But after a while the boss let me take orders and
4 Divide the letter into three or
serve customers. That was much more fun, and I got
four short paragraphs, each
with its own topic. some good tips too. In the final week of the holiday I
went and stayed with my cousins. We just lazed around
5 Finish the letter with an and spent most of the time watching DVDs. Then it was
informal phrase such as
back to school. (4)
Love, Lots of love, Take care
or All the best. Anyway I'd (3) better stop here as I've got quite a lot of
homework to get through before tomorrow. (4)
How's school going? Write again soon with more news.
Love (5)
Laura

•• Phrase Bank
Starting the letter .:.;:-,
Thanksverym1ch for [Link] wasgoodto hearfrom you.
ow haveyoubeen'l
ow arethin(#,[Link]?
I'm sorryl haven'twritten for age~.I've been ...

Finishing the letter

An way,t at'sall for now.
l'd bettetsto!) hete.J'[Link] ...
Givemy1ove/legai:ds'to..
Writeagain soon,
rfook-forwaroto seeingyouagainsoon.

Writing Guide e •e
 Part 2 A review
You recently saw this notice in a magazine.

BOOK REVIEWS
Have you read any books recently? If so, please write and tell
us about one of them. Say what you liked or didn't like about
the story and the characters.

Write a review of 120-180 words. l In the first paragraph say what you are reviewing
and give relevant key information (such as the
author of a book or the director of a film).
recentlyread The Phantom of the Opera, a

I novel written in 1910 by Gaston Leroux. It

has been adapted a number of times for
the cinema and also made into an immensely
2
3
4
You can give both positive and negative opinions.

Say briefly what happens in the book, play, film, etc.

Put each topic in a separate paragraph.

successful musical. (1) (4)
It's set in Paris and is the story of Erik (the 5 Summarise your opinion in the final paragraph and
'phantom•;, a menacing figure who lives hidden give a recommendation (either positive or negative)
away in the basement of the opera house.
6 If you can, give examples from the story to support
He is in lo·,e with Christine, an opera singer,
your opinions, but make sure you keep within the
but she in turn loves a young aristocrat called
word limit.
Raoul. (3} The plot is very intricate with lots of
twists and turns, which keep the reader turning
••• Phrase Bank
the pages. (2) (4)
My main criticism of the book is the Giving backgtoundinformation
-·-·-
.....
characterisation. (2) The characters are
tJ recentlyreac;l/saw
...
unmemorable and rather shallow. It is often
[Link],[Link]~ ...
difficult to understand why they do certain
-- [Link]
things, for example, (6) when Christine chooses
to have a conversation with Raoul on the roof
of the opera house. (4)
Describing a story
!~'sset in ...
..
l;l 1 • .2
To sum up, I enjoyed this 'gothic' horror ltte}ls the story of, ..
story despite the weaknesses in the TJ1ere;;;'a tw1~ at {he end.
characterisation. However, I'd only recommend
it to people who really enjoy horror or ghost
stories. (4) (5)
ing a recommendation
roughlyrecommendtbis book/film,
film/react_
tlJI~l?oQ!tYouwo

Don't botherreading ,. .1goingto sE)e... , le isn t wotth it

•e 9 Writing Guide
Part 2 An article
You have seen this announcement in a magazine.

We are offering a prize for the

best article with the title: I A town that I really like. I
Write an article of .120-180 words. 1 Involve the reader. You can address
them directly, especially with
questions.

A town that I really like 2 Use an informal, lively stvle. Avoid

using a lot of formal language.
Have you ever visited the south west of England?
(1) I was brought up there, in a town called 3 Divide the information into clearly
Kingsbury, and in my opinion you couldn't choose organised paragraphs.
a better place to live or just to visit. (3) 4 Finish by summarising what you
Kingsbury is only a couple miles from the coast, have said, and giving your opinion,
where you can find lots of fantastic beaches. The if appropriate.
surrounding countryside is very 6eautiful and there
are some wild, woodland areas nearby, ideal for -l •• Phrase Bank
walking and other outdoor activities. (3)
Involving the reader
The town itself is very pretty, with narrow winding
streets anc;tlots of interesting old buildings. There
liaveyou ever. ,. ?
;:f' L\l t
a
are quite few good cafes and restaurants and
tne sl10ps are excellent. Every weekend there's a
·-~--
What [Link] do/think if ='-1
...
CaILyouimagiue ... ?
farmers' market when you can fresh local meat Youmight think that . .. but ...
and vegetables. (3)
Finally, the pace of life is slower than in the city.
People are friendly and aren't always in a hurry.
They have more time to stop and chat with you. (3)
So, whatever you're looking for in a small town
- attractive buildings, great shops, nice places to
eat and drink, good leisure facilities - Kingsbury
has them all. (3) (4)

Writing Guide Ge•

 Part 2 A report
The college where you study wants to raise some money to buy 1 Start with an introduction selling out
new books and DVDs for the libnu-y. The principal has asked you the aim of the report.
to write report recommending the best way to raise the money.
2 Organise the information into sections.
Use headings if appropriate.
Write a report oi 120-180 words.
3 You can use numbered or bul!et points.

4 Use fairly formal language.

The purpose of this report is to consider different
ways of raising money to pay for new books and 5 Express opinions impersonally.
DVDs for the school library, and to recommend the
6 Finish with a conclusion giving your
best course of action. (1) recommendation.
Prize draw (2)
One idea 1s(5) to sell numbered tickets and offer , •• Phrase Bank
prizes. Students and teachers could be asked (5)
Expressing your opinions
to bring in unwanted items that would be suitable
as prizes, and the school could also approach (5) The aim/,putposeoLthis r<'!ort is to... •

local shops and restaurants who might be willing to

contribute prizes.
Discussing pros and cons
Oneadvantage/disadvantageof "Js ..
Sponsored run (2l Therearestronga,gumentsin favour
Another possibility would be (5) to organise a of/against ..
sponsored run around the local park. Students
could ask their friends and family to give a certain
amount for every mile they complete. Making additional points
I ecommendthat ...
My recommendation (2l !t wouldbe adVisableto ...
I recommend that we organise a sponsored run. lt woutc\be a good ideato/ii ...
Although the advantage of offering prizes is that it
would be easier to organise, the plan might come to
nothing ( 5) if we are unable to find enough suitable
prizes or sell enough tickets. A sponsored run, on
the other hand, is likely to raise more money and
would have the added benefit of involving more of
the students and staff. (6)

'e G Writing Guide

Part 2 An essay
Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following 1 Refer to the question in the first
statement: 'Children spend too much time watching television.' paragraph. Make a general statement
about the question or briefly introduce
Write an essay of 120-180 words. arguments for and against.
2 Use linking words to conn&t ideas
and sentences.
owadays many homes have more than one

N television, and some children even have a TV

in their bedrooms. It is not surprising, then,
that statistics show that watching television is the most
3 Present both sides of the argument,
where appropriate giving examples that
support the different points of view.
4 Put the two sides of the argument in
popular leisure activity for the majority of children. (!}
separate paragraphs.
There is no doubt that children need tin1c to relax after
school, and most children's programmes are certainly
5 Express your own opinion in the final
paragraph.
very entertaining. Furthermore, (2) some television
programmes, especially documentaries and news
programmes, are educational and informative, and can ••• Phrase Bank
contribute to a [Link]'s education. (3) (4)
Expressing your opinions
Having said that, (2) many children's programmes are In myview/opfnion,. ,.
of poor quality, and children learn nothing from them. Hirmlybelievethat ...
What is more, (2) watching television is a very passive
It se~msto me that ...
activity requiring no physical effort. In my view, it would
be better if children spent more time on more creative
and imaginati:,e activities, and on sport. (3) (4) Expressing other people"s views
Somel)eOplethlnk/claim/belie\lethat ,.,
To sum up. (2) I believe that parents should limit the
It 1ssometu)lessaie!that .. ,
amount of time that children spend in front of the
It coulobe argued that ...
television to one or two hours a day. Otherwise, we
run the risk of creating generations of unhealthy and
ill-educated young adults. (5) Making additional points
Fm(hermore,,..
In addition,...
What Is more, ...

Expressing a contrast

On the otMr hand, ...

However
....
Havingsaid that, ...

Summing up
'I'osumup, ...
In conclusion,...
On balance, l feel [Link] ...

Writing Guide e •e
 Part 2 A story
Write a story beginning with these words:
Sinwn woke up suddenly. What was that noise he had just heard?

Write 120-180 words.

S
imon woke up (5) suddenly. What was that noise he had just
heard (5)? He listened carefully (3). After a while, (2) he heard
the noise again. It sounded like there was someone downstairs
in the kitchen! (1) (6)

He wasn·t sure what to do, so first, (2) he looked around for some
sort of weapon, and found his tennis racket. Then (2) he went
quietly (3) out onto the landing and looked down the stairs. He
couldn't see anything, so he crept slowly (3) down the stairs,
stopping (5) every so often to listen again. Suddenly, there was
a crashing (3) sound. 'What on earth was that?' (4) he thought
worriedly. (1) (6)

He started to run down the stairs. Meanwhile, (2) the crashing started
again. He threw open the kitchen door and shouted, 'Stop!'. (4) Nobody
was there. But there was that terrible (3) noise again! (6) Eventually, (2)
he opened a cupboard and out jumped the cat! It had got shut inside,
and had been knocking over (5) packets and tins of food trying to get
out. 'Silly cat!' (4) said Simon, feeling very relieved. (1)

1 Give your story a clear beginning, middle and end. ••• Phrase Bank
2 Use sequencing words to order the events.
Ordering events
3 Use adjectives and adverbs to make your writing As soonas ...
more lively and interesting. Whjje .. ,
4 Try to use some direct and/or indirect speech. By the time ...

5 Use a variety of narrative tenses.

6 Creating atmosphere and suspense will make your
story more enjoyable.

•e O Writing Guide
 -ce
3 with some nouns following a preposition:
Artie es go to work/school be in bed/hospital/prison
4 with meals:
We use the indefinite article a/an have breakfast/lunch/dinner
when we say what something is or what it is like:
What's that? It's a radio.
My sister drives an expensive German car.
2 when we say what somebody's job is:
Tom Cruise is a film actor.
Simple and
3 when we describe somebody's features: continuous tenses
He's got a long face and a small moustache.

We use the
We generally use continuous tenses to describe
l when it's clear what we are talking about. This can temporary situations:
be because we've already mentioned it:
It's snowing.
I've got a cat and a dog. The dog is called Rover.
I've been gettinga lot of headaches recently.
or because there is only one: Wegenerally use simple censesto state facts:
You shouldn't /.ook directly at the sun.
It snows a lot in Finland.
or because it ·s clear from the situation: I've never had IOothache.
Could you pass me the dictionary? (The one that's
2 We generally use simple tenses for very short
on cite table over there.)
actions or events:
2 with most nationality words: The bomb exploded.
The [Link] a reputation for being bad cooks. We generally use continuous tenses for things
3 with the names of rivers, mountain ranges, deserts happening over a longer time:
and seas: We notic_fd that the boat was sinking.
CheMle, the Himalayas, the Saltam, the Mediterranean
3 We often use continuous tenses 10 talk abou1
4 with a few countries and most groups of islands: du ration (how long):
the United Stares the Netherlands the CzechRepublic She has been directing films since the age of tiventy.
the Canaries the Seychelles the Maldives We never use continuous tensesto say how many times
s in various set phrases, for example: something happens, will happen, has happened, etc:
go w the cmema listen to the radio Bythe end ofthis yew; she will have made twelvefilms.
play the piano/the guitar, etc. 4 Continuous tenses are normally used for actions or
in the moming/the aftemoon/the evening events, rather than states:
Please be quiet, I'm reading. (action)
We don't use an article We normally use simple tenses for states:
when we are making generalisations: These books belong lO che library. (Slale)
Cats chase mice.
2 with most countries, continents, towns and cities,
Jakesand mountains:
Mount Everestis in Asia, on the border between
Nepal and Tiber.

Grammar Reference Ge •
 --
•

Someverbsare not used in [Link]:

Present tenses
mental states
believe doubt hate know like love
We use the present simple
prefer realise recognise regret remember
suppose umierstana wan1 1 to talk about a habitual or repeated action or event:
My grandfather runs 3km every momirtg.
2 communication
agree disagree mean 2 to state a general fact:
Koala bears sleep more than 20 hours a day.
3 other verbs
belong contain cost depend fit mailer 3 for actions and events in a story, especially when
need owe own possess seem describing the plot of a book, film, etc:
Scout goes to school for the firsi time chat autumn
Some verbs are non-continuous with some meanings and has a terrible day.
but not with others. For example, think is not used in 4 with verbs not used in continuous tenses (see non-
continuous tenses when it means "have an opinion': continuous verbs In previous column).
I think reali1y TV shows are boring. S to refer to a future action or event that is part of a
BUT I'm thinkirtg about my last holiday. timetable:
The next irain to Manchester leaves in ten minutes.
Non-continuous Continuous
I feel I should Lellher I'm feeling unwell.
the truth_
(believe)
~ We use the present continuous
My couSinhas e Porsche. Wherearewe havmglunch?
I to talk about an action or event that is in progress
(P9ssess)
now:
Doesthis lish taste funny? He burnt his mouth while Puc the umbrella up, it's raining.
(havea flavour) he was tasnng the soup.
2 to talk about an action or event which is repeated,
1don't see the pomt of this. We"reseeingthe doctor
but only around this time:
(understand) <1t 1.00
l"m dnnkirtg coo much coffee thesedays.
Doyou consideryourself The council is considering
an adult? closing the leisure centre. 3 to talk about a temporary situation:
(believe} My brother's workirtg in China. (Ne normally works
I 1magmewe'll eatout. He was unagining what it- in France.)
(think) would be like to be nch 4 10 talk about changes in a situation:
The sho_p
appear~iQ be Kevin Spaceyis appearing Air travel is getting cheaper.
closed on stagein Lonaonnext'
week. 5 (with always) to complain about annoying
~eem)
behaviour:
That dog is always jumping on the sofa.
6 to refer to a future action or event that has been
arranged:
Whid1 country is lwsting the next Olympics?

• e Grammar Reference
 ...
Talking about the
We use the present continuous with a future meaning
future to talk about arrangements that we have made for the
future, usually with other people:
I can't go out tomorrow night. l'm having dinner
with my grandparents.
We use will
1 to make impersonal, factual statements about the
future:
Work on the new stadium will begin next year.
-
We use the future continuous
2 to make predictions based on your own beliefs: 1 to talk about an action that will be in progress at a
I'm sure you'll enjoy the play. specific point in the future:
NB We often use will after phrases like: At midday tomorrow, I'll be taking my exams.
l think, I don't think, I imagine, I reckon, l'm certain
2 to talk about planned events. Used like this, it is
3 when you make an instant decision about what to similar to the present continuous for arrangements:
do next: Next year, I'll be spend/Jigmost of the swnrner abroad.
That soup smells delicio1is. I'll try some.
3 to ask polite and less direct questions about
4 to talk about future events that are dependent on somebody's plans:
other events: Will you be [Link] the hotel for two nights or three?
lf we leave now, we'll be home before nightfall.
5 to make orfers and promises:
Don't worry. I won't tell anyone your secret.
6 to add a question tag to an imperative or make a We use the future perfect simple to talk about a
tag reply: completed action or event in the future:
Don't tell anyone, will you? By the time they get home, they'll have travelled
'Don't forget your passport.' 'I won't.' more than 10,000 km.

We use go;,i.g co r
I to talk about things you have decided to do:
We normally use the future perfect continuous to say
I'm going to apply for a better job.
how long a!1 action or event will have been in progress
NB We usually avoid using going to with the verb at a specific point in the future:
go; we can use the present continuous instead. By the time he takes part in che Olympics, he'll have
I'm going to the theatre tomorrow. been training for four years.
2 to make predictions based on what is happening now.
It looks like this match is going to be a draw.

--ese:r-·u,. I:.

We use the present simple with a future meaning

1 to talk about things that are due to happen as part
of a schedule:
The next train to Manchester leaves in half an hour.
2 after certain words and phrases, for example:
when, as soon as, by the time, the moment,
provided, assuming, if:
I'll give Jason his present as soon as he arrives.

Grammar Reference 9 e•
 Review of past 3 to talk about recent past events that have a result
in the present:

tenses You'vebroken my lapwp. Now I can't chedcmy emails.

4 to talk about experiences at an unstated time in
the past:
Have you ever been to Rome? I've never tried rock-
We use the past simple dimbing.
l to talk about actions or events that happened at a
particular time in the past:
OIIS
'I left work aL 10.30.'Jacksonreplied. 'I cooka caxi home.'
2 to describe a series of actions or events in the past: We use the present perfect continuous
Jackson put at his coal, switched off ihe light, I to talk about recent actions or events ihat are not
opened the door and walked out onto the street. necessarily complete:
You've been spending too muclt money recently.
(And you might continue co spend too muclt.)
NB When the action is comple1e, we use the present
We use the past continuous perfect simple. Compare: I've been wriling a novel.
1 to describe a scene in the past: I'm on chapter 4.//'ve wriuen a novel. Jcwas
published last year.
It was 2 a.m. but the city wasn't sleeping. Music was
coming from countless upstairs windows. 2 to say how long an action or event has been in
progress:
2 to talk about actions or events that were in
progress around a particular time in the past: I've been learning the guitar for six years.
'What were ,ou doing at 11 o'clock yescerday 3 to explain a current situation in terms of recent
evening?' asked the policeman. events:
3 We often use the past simple and the past My trousers are muddy because I've been planting
continuous together to describe how one event crees in the garden.
interrupted another, longer event:
While Jackson waslooking for the right address,
a police car came around tlte corner.
We use the past perfect simple to talk about ao event
that happened before another event in the pas!:
I wanted some pasta, but my brother had eaten it all.
We use the present perfect simple
I to talk about recent events, particularly when
giving news:
Have you heard?Tom and Nancy [Link] got married! The two most com moo uses of the past perfect
continuous are
NB We often use the present perfect simple for
events within a period of time that continues up I for saying how long an action had been in progress
to the present moment. Words which often go with up to a certain point in the past:
the present perfect simple include: ever, never, just, By the age of 18, my grandfather had been working
already, yet, and so far. in a factory for six years.

2 to talk about an event that began m the past and 2 to explain a past situation in terms of previous events:
continues up to the present, particularly with non- Terry was upset because his sister had been making
continuous verbs: fun of him.
I've had this skateboard since I was six years old.
NB With verbs which can be used in continuous
tenses, we normally use the present perfect
continuous, not simple, to say how long an action
has been in progress: Tve been waiting for hours!'

• • Grammnr Reference
 A few verbs can take an infinitive or -ing form but the
meaning is different:
We use used tO 1 a) ff you try doing something, you do it in order to
1 to describe habits in the past: see what happens.
I used lo go skating every weekend. He [Link] the bell, but there was no answer.
2 to describe a situation in the past that is different now: b) I£ you try to do something, you attempt it but do
There didn't use to be any shops in this pare of town. not necessarily achieve it.
(But chereare now.) He tried to reachthe next brand(, but it was too high.
2 a) If you stop doing something, you do not do it
any longer.
They stopped talking when I walked fnto the room.
We sometimes use would to describe habits in the b) If you stop to do something, you come to a halt
past, especially in literary texts. in order to do something.
Every evening, the princess would gaze out of the She stopped to admire the {lowers.
window longingly.
3 a) If you remember doing something, you have an
NB We can't use would to talk about situations in image of doing it in your mind.
the past: I remember going to the circus when ! was a child.
When I was younger I wottltl be afraid of the [Link].
b) If you remember to do something, you do something
(. .. I used to be afraid .. .)
which is on your mental list of things 10 do.
Did you remember to feed the fish?
4 a) If you go on doing something, you continue
Verb patterns doing it.
He went on talking for hours.
b} If you go on to do something, you move from
one action to another.
When we put two verbs together, the second verb is The chairman welcomed che audience, then he
usually in the in~nitive or -ing form. Which pattern went on to introduce the guest speakers.
we use depends on the first verb.
verb + inijniti\'>'e verb -1, -
-ing form Ve~IJ+ infinitive
or -ing form Bee (WBtcb, bear, feel, etc.)
(same meaning]
agree avtiid b,egin
dare ca)?-'tfaae continue 1 We can use see (watch, hear, feel, etc.) + object
dedde can't help llate + -ing form 10 talk about an action that is progress.
expect can·t stand- like She saw two men crossing the river. (They were in
fail don't mind love the water when she saw them.)
happen ell)oy prefer 2 We can use see (wacch. hear, feel, etc.) + object
hope rancw Start' + infinitive without to to talk about an action that
mana9e feel like is complete.
mean finish She saw l wo men cross the river. (She watched them
offer ,give up cross from one side to the other.)
prepare imagine
pretend keep
promise 'postpone
-refuse practise
PU\,.Ofi
recommend

--- Grammar Reference G e•

 Reported speech - 0 d
1 When we report questions, we use affirmative word
-tum- order and verb forms after the question word:
'Where do you live?'she asked him.
l When we report somebody's words rat her than
She asked him where he lived.
quoting them directly, we usually change the tense
of any verbs: 2 To report a yes/no question (one that has no
'/I's lace: he said. He said that it was lace. question word) we use whether or if:
'ls it raining?' he asked.
NB We often omit the word that from the
beginning of the reported speech clause: He asked if/whether it was raining.
He said it was late. 3 We can sometimes use an infinitive in a reported
question, especially when it's a question about our
The normal pattern of tense chaJ1gesin reported speech is:
own actions:
Direct speech
iott,,-.i,;-
present ~imple
... Reported speech 'Which shirt shall I wear?· he asked his girlfriend.
He asked his girlfriend which shirt to wear.
'How do l get cothe beach?' she asked me.
present continuous
She asked me how to get to the beach.
st-simple
present perfect si;nple
present perfect continuous 11astpetfect contln\\OUS
past continuous

must
~
pasrperfect continuous
~uld
should
'
might
fh•111

' •
:r:

•
•I
l We use the structure: reporting verb + object
+ infinitive to report imperatives. Some common
reporting verbs for this structure are tell, order,
instruct, warn, ask and beg:
'Don't be late,' the teacher told him.
The teacher cold him not to be lace.
can
'Please help me,' he said to his friend.
2 There are often changes in words which refer to the lie asked his friend to help him.
people, time or place. These are dictated more by NB We cannot use this strncture with the reporting
logic than by any rules: verb say:
Tm bringing my brother here tomorrow,· she said. 'Ne said to him to be careful. (We told him .. .)
Site said that she was taking her brother there the We can use the same structure for reporting advice:
next day. ·1chink you should go to bed,' Mary said to her son.
Mary advised her son to go to bed.
2 We can use the structure: reporting verb +
infinitive with agree, promise and offer. (Note that
1 The object of the verb say is always what was said. we cannot include an object.)
It is often a clause:
'I'll remember you forever,' he said to her.
She said shewouldlike to go to university. He promised to remember her forever.
If we want to mention the person who is addressed, 3 See above for infinitives in reported questions.
we must use the preposition to:
Would you like to say hello to my cousin?
'You're lucky,' she said to herfriend.
2 The object of the verb tell is usually the person
who is addressed. We do not use the preposition to:
Have you told your parents?
They told me tile slwp was closed.
We also use te1l in set phrases like tell a lie, tell the
truth, tell a story, etc.

t G Grammar Reference
Modals 1 We use can for talking about ability in the present:
ubl:v-1"'" Can you see that man on the roof?
Speak up. I can't hear you.
We use shouui (shouldn't) and ought to (oughl not to)
2 Can sometimes refers to a future event, but only
I for giving advice:
when the decision is being made in the present:
I think you shouui stay at home this evening.
'Can you come to dinner next week?' 'No, but I can
2 for giving opinions about what the right thing to do is: make the week after.·
We all ought to use less electricity.
However. we normally will be able to when we talk
NB In the negative, it is more natural to say 'I don't about ability in the future:
think you should .. .' I ha n •I think you shouldn't .. .'. When she's 17, she'll be able to take her driving test.
3 We use could/couldn't to talk about general ability
We use must in the past:
I for giving strong advice to ourselves: My grandfather could speak three languages fluently.
l must try to get co bed early tonight. However, we do not use could (affirmative form)
2 for making strong recommendations to others. to talk about something we were able to do on one
based on our own opinions: occasion. We use an alternative expression like
You must t,y this cake, it's wonderful. managed to do or succeed in doing:
3 for stating rules. especially in written and formal It was a difficult question, but I managed to answer it.
English: 4 We often use can and could with verbs of
Cyclists must wear helme1s. perception like see, taste and hear. (We can use
could even when it's one occasion.)
We use have to to talk about obligation: Pressing my ear to the do01; I could hear what they
We have to sit exams every year. (They're were saying.
compulsory.)
NB We use I have ro... for things that we are
obliged to do; we use J must. .. for things that we
1 W~ u(t~n use can/can'L when we ask for. give or
strongly feel we should do. Compare: l must start
cycling to work. It would be good exercise./I have to refuse permission:
start cycling to work. They've cancelled the only bus. Can I borrow your pen? [Link] course.
You can sit anywhere you like.
We use don't/doesn't have to for things that we do not Could I ... ? and May I ... ? are slightly politer ways
need to do. It expresses a lack of obligation; it does not of requesting permission:
express prohibition: Could/May I sit next to you? [Link] may.
You don't have to leave now. You can stay as long as NB We don't normally use 'Yes, you could' or 'No,
you like. you couldn't' as replies to a request for permission,
eve11if the request uses could.
We use mustn't for prohibition: An even politer form is Would you mind if l ...
You mustn't touch the walls. The paint isn't dry. ( + past simple)?
NB Except for the specific uses mentioned here, Would you mind if l opened a window?
must and mustn't can often sound unnamral; we 2 We often use Can you ... ? to ask somebody to do
are more likely to use other verbs and phrases for something:
talking about obligation (have to) and prohibition Can you explain that again, please?
(against the rules, forbidden, not allowed, etc.)
Could you ... ? , Would you ... ? and Would you mind
( + -ing) are all slightly politer ways of asking
somebody to do something:
Would you mind opening the window?

GrammarReference 9 ••
 l We use must for talking about things whicb we can The tense of a passive construction is determined by
deduce are definitely true: the tense of the verb be:
He mus£ be li,ed. He's just run 10 km. Mose children's toys are made in Cllina (present
2 We use may or might for speculating about things simple)
that are possibly true. (Some people use might This shirt was bought in Italy. (past simple)
when there is less possibility.) We can also use By August, the roof had been repaired bu.t the
could to talk about possibility. However, we cannot windows were still being replaced. (past periect,
use the negative (couldn't) in this sense: past continuous)
Geoff isn't answering his phone at work. He might The film will be shown at cinemas nexl monch.
not be at his desk. He could be in a meeting, or he (future simple)
may be ha11inglunch.
3 We use can't for talking about things which we can
deduce are impossible:
This can't be Suzie's jacket. Iz's much too small. l With verbs that often have two objects (give, offer,
owe, award, 1ell, send, teach, etc.) either object can
4 When we are making logical deductions about
become the subject of a passive sentence:
something in the past, we use must ha11eand can't
have + past paniciple: Jack was given lhe prize for best costume.
I put odd socks on this morning. I muse have been The prize for best costume was given to Jack.
half asleep. NB It is more common for the indirect object
Your parents can't ha11ebeen very happy when you (usually a person) to be the subject of the passive
cold theni you were dropping out of universicy. sentence.
5 When we are speculating about something in the 2 If we include an agent, we usually put it at the end
past, we use may have, might have, or could have of the sentence:
+ past participle: She was offered a new job in the company byherboss.
Police chink the robbers may have used a whice van
as their escape vehicle. Passive with know, belleve. dztnk,
We c;,111101mP mny [Link] things which we now
know didn't happen. We use might have or could
have: 1 Verbs like know, believe and think are often used
That was a dangerous Ching to do. You might have in passive constructions, especially in formal
been injured. language, and are followed by an infinitive:
Al chat time, the world was thought to be flat.
2 If the sentence refers to a current belief about a past
event, we use tl1e present simple passive followed by
Passives a perfect infinitive (to have done someehing):
Beethoven is now known to have suffered from lead
poisoning. (But that wasn'l known at the time.)

We use tbe passive 3 We can also use an impersonal construction with il

+ passive:
1 when we don't know who or what is responsible for
the action: Ac that lime, ii was c/wught that the world was flat.
It is now known thae Beethoven suffered from lead
My bike was stolen last week.
poisoning.
2 for stylistic reasons, especially to allow the main
(ocus of the sentence to be the subject of the verb:
The saxophone is quite a modern instrument. le was
invented aro11nd 1840 by Adolphe Sax and has since
become an essential part of jazz and popular music.

• G Grammar tleferance
- - Relative clauses
We can use passive infinitives - (to) be done.
(to) have been done - in a similar way 10 other
infinitives, for example, as part of a verb pattern or
after most modal verbs: 1 Relative clauses usually begin with a relative
This watch can be worn underwater. pronoun (who, which, that, whose) or a relative
Mobile phones must not be used on fliglus.
adverb (when, where).
Some passengerspretended to have been injured in 2 The relative pronoun whom can be used instead of
order to claim insurance. who when it is the object of the verb i11the relative
clause. However, [or many speakers of English,
2 We can use passive -ing forms - being done,
whom sounds very formal and who is preferred:
having been done - in a similar way to other -ing
The former headmaster, whom many parents
forms:
disliked, resigned last year.
Many celebrities do not enjoy being photographed.
She denied having been given the documents. We also use whom immediately after a preposition;
we cannot use who in this context unless we move
Having been identified by witnesses. rht>suspect was
the preposition to the enct of the clause:
arrested and charged.
She married the man with whom she'd sharedan office.
She married the man (who) she'd shared an office with.
3 Defining relative clauses can also begin with what,
so and such meaning 'the thing which'.
I did exactly what you asked.
1 We use so and such for emphasis. They make the
meaning of an adjective, adverb or noun stronger.
2 We use so before an adjective (without a noun) or
1 A defining relative clause comes after a noun and
an adverb:
gives necessary information about that noun. It can
l'm so hungry! Why are you talking so quickly? be in the middle or at the end of a sentence and is
3 We use such before a noun or before an adjective not normally separated by conunas:
+ noun. Note that the indefinite article (a/an), if Did you get the job tluit you applied for?
needed, comes after the word such: The factory where my dad works is closing down.
That's such.a lie! Why are dogs such faithful pets? 2 1l is more common to use that than which in defining
You're such a good swimmer.
relative clauses, especially in spoken English. We
4 We often use so with quantifiers like much, many, can also· use that instead of who or whom:
few and little. However, we say such a lot (of .. .): I'd love to mee1the person that wroce this song.
l've never seen so many insects! There's so much 3 We can sometimes omit the relative pronoun in
to do and so little time. a defining relative clause, but only when it is the
We've got such a lot of homework. object of the verb in the clause:
5 We often use so and such followed by a relative Where's the pen (that) I bought this morning? (We
clause to €Xpress a result: can omit that.)
The exam wasso difficull that only threestudentspassed. BUT I'm looking for a shop that sells skateboards.
(OR It was such a difficult exam that only three (We cannot omit that.)
students [Link].)
We often omit the relative adverb when:
She spoke so quietly thii.t nobody heard.
I still remember the moment (when) I first saw Juliet.

Grammar Reference (ibe •

 ...,_

I
• "ea srs
Comparatives and
1 A non-defining relative clause comes after a noun
and gives extra information about that noun. superlatives
A non-defining relative clause can be removed
from a sentence without making the sentence
meaningless. It can be in the middle or at the end
. [Link]'iv
of a sentence and is separated by commas: In the context of forming comparatives and
We spent a few days in Windhoek, which is the superlatives, short adjectives are
capital of Namibia. • most adjectives with one syllable, but not past
Our neighbour, who used to be an actor, has started participles like bored or scared.
a drama society. • two-syllable adjectives which end in -y, -le, -er
or -ow (e.g. ugly, little, clever, shallow)
2 A non-defining relative clause cannot start with
that. 2 We add -er to short adjectives to make the comparative
form, and -est to make the superlative form:
3 The relative pronoun or adverb at the start of a
non-defining relative clause cannot be omitted. long - longer - longest
If the adjective ends in -e, we add -r or -st:
4 Non-defining relative clauses can begin with
wide - wider - widest
expressions like all of whom, many of tvhom, some
of whom, most of which, etc: If the adjective ends in a single vowel and
The company employs more than 3,000 staff. many consonant, we double the consonant and add -er,
of whom are women. or -est:
hot - hotter - lwttest
S Sometimes, the relative pronoun which can be used
at the start of a non-defining relative clause to refer If the adjective ends -y, we change the -y ioto -ier,
back to all the information in the first part of the or -iest:
sentence, rather than just the noun before it: friendly - friendlier - friendliest
I managed to visit six different countries, which was 3 Some adjectives have irregular comparative and
amazing. superlative forms:
good - better -best
bad - tvorse - worst
far - further - furthest
l A reduced relative clause replaces a defining
relative clause. We use an -ing form or a past We can use elder and eldest instead of older and
participle to replace the relative pronoun and verb. oldest, but only when we talk about people (and
usually in relation to brothers and sisters).
2 We use an -ing form to replace an active verb of
any tense; we use a past participle to replace a
passive verb of any tense:
..
She wears a necklllce originally belonging to her
grandmother. ( = which originally belonged to .. .) We use more and nwst for most long adjectives
(adjectives with more than one syllable):
The presidem visited several towns damaged by the
flood. ( = which were damaged) exciting - more exciting - most exciting

3 We can't use a reduced relative clause in place of

a defining relative clause if the relative pronoun is
the object of the verb in the original clause:
She wears a necklacethat she made herself. (cannot
be reduced)

•. f) GrammarReference
 We add more and most to adverbs to form the We can use as ... as or just as ... as to say that two
comparative and superlative. (Even though we add people or things are the same:
-er and -est to two-syllable adjectives ending in -ly, I'm as [Link] you are!
we use more and most for two-syllable adverbs.) Aaron sings just as beautifully as his brother.
clearly more clearly most clearly
2 We use not as ... as to mean less ... than:
2 Some irregular adverbs have comparative and Cycling isn't as tiring as running. = Cyding is less
superlative forms ending -er and -est, as do tiring than running.
adverbs wliich share the same form as a short
adjective (e.g. fast, early, late, hard):
well - better - best
badly - worse- worst
When using a personal pronoun in the second part of
fast - faster - fastest a comparison, we normally use the object pronoun.
The subject pronoun sounds very formal unless it's
followed by a verb:
You're stronger than me. (,!)
We use than when we make a comparison. It can be She's taller than I. (very formal/archaic)
followed by a noun or a clause: He isn't as intelligent as 1 am. (,!)
SteveManin is funnier than Jim Carrey.
That meal was nicer than I thought it was going to be.
Other comparative and superlative
_._. , -,,,,-•

1 To intensify the meaning of a comparative, we can

A superlative is often followed by in when we define
the group: use milch or far (but not very):
That film was much/far better than I expected.
She's the most successful student in the school.
It's the most pof$onous plant in the world. We can use by far with superlatives:
This is by far the worst hotel I've ever stayed in.
2 Other common expressions that use comparative
and superlative forms include:
We use more and most as comparative and The more yoll exercise, the healthier you'll feel.
superlative forms of much/many: COmpwers are getting more and more powerful, but
I ate more than my brother, but my dad ate the most. less and less easy to understand.
There were more people at the meeting than last year. The simplest things in life are often the most
enjoyable.
2 We can also use more and most to mean 'to a
greater (or the greatest) extent':
consumers are starring to complain more.
Which pattern do you like most?
3 Less and least have the opposite meaning to more
and most:
I'm trying to eat less.
What do you like least about your town?
4 We can also use less and lease with adjectives
(short and long) or adverbs:
We're less poor than we used to be.
Which actor performed least well, in your opinion?

Grammar Reference Ge•

 Conditionals 2 A type 2 conditional can refer to the present or
future. When it refers to the future, it differs from
a type 1 conditional in that the condition is much
less likely 10 come true:
Wouldyou sharethe money with me if you [Link] /0ttery?
All conditional sentences have an if clause (a
condition) and a main clause (a result). In general (result) (condil ion)
terms, the main clause says what happens as a 3 We normally use the past simple in the if clause
resuh of the if clause being true: and would in the main clause. The past tense
If i1 rains comonvw, we'll stay at home. expressesthe fact that it is a hypothetical sitLation
(condition) (result) - it does not refer to the past.
I wouldn't be so upset if you weren't my best friend.
2 We can put either clause first in the sentence.
When the if clause is first, it is usually followed by We occasionally use the past continuous instead of
a comma. Whe:i the main clause is first, there is tJe past simple:
usually no comma: Ii they were playing better, they'd have more chance
I'd fix your phone if f knew how. ofwinning.
4 In the if clause, we often use were Instead of was,
• particularly with tbe first person,/:
If I was/were you, I'd tell her how you feel.
1 We use a type Oconditional to talk about a result
which always follows from a particular action. We
use the present simple to talk about both the aclion
and its result:
-
1 Like type 2 conditionals, type 3 conditionals
If you don't water indoor plams, they die. refer to hypothetical situations. However, type 3
2 We can also use a type O conditional to give orders conditionals are the only type which refer 10 the
and advice, using an imperative in the main clause: past. They are used to speculate about bow things
If you wam to know the answer, turn to the back of might have been different:
the book. If you had revised, you wouldn't have failed your exam.
2 We use lhe past perfect (had/hadn't done) in the if
clause and would/wouldn't have in the main clause:
I wouldn't have told him if I'd known ic was a secret.
We use a type I conditional to talk about a future NB Would and had can both appear as the short
aclion, event or situation and its result: form 'd. Would is always in the main clause, had in
If you're late, I'll be very angry. the if clause.
(condition) (result)
3 We can also use the past perfect continuous in the
NB This is the only type of conditional which if clause:
always refers to the future. If you'd been watching the road, you wouldn't have
2 We use the present simple in the if clause and the crashed.
future simple (with will) in the main clause.
3 We only use a type 1 conditional when the
condition is possible. If it is not, we use a type 2
conditional. Mixed cooditionals are usually a mixture of types
2 and 3 and refer to hypothetical situations. Mixed
conditionals occur when the ume reference in the If
clause is different from the main clause:
We use a type 2 conditional to talk about a if I had gone 10 bed earlier, past (type 3)
hypothetical action, event or situation and its i wouldn't be so tired today. present (type 2)
(hypothetical) result: if I were your father. present (type 2)
If I were taller, I'd be beuer at basketball. / wouldn't have let you past (type 3)
stay out all night.

I e Grammar Reference
 If I weren't going away tomorrow, future (type 2)
I'd have acceptedyour invitation. past (type 3)
If she hadn't spent all her money, past (type 3)
she'd get a taxi home. future (type 2)

Causatives
l We use the structure to have something done to
talk about things which we do not do ourselves but
instead, pay or ask somebody else to do:
Have you had your hair cut?
They've had their house decora1ed.
2 We can use to get something done in the same way.
The meaning is the same:
I'd need to lJ!!Cmy car repaired.
3 We sometimes use to have (or get) something done
to talk about unpleasant things which happen to us
as a result of somebody else's actions:
He had his bike stolen.
Be careful. You mig/u get your fingers burnt!
4 We use the structure to make somebody do
something to talk about things we cause or force
somebody to do:
This film really makes me laugh.
His parents made him clean his room.
5 We also use make in the passive to talk about
things we are caused or forced to do. However,
we use an infinitive with to, rather than a bare
infinitive, after the passive. Compare:
They made the hostages lie on the floor.
The hostage; were made to lie on the floor.
6 We use the structure to let somebody do something
to talk about things we allow somebody to do:
She never lers her husband drive.

We use the structure to want/prefer/need something

done to talk about actions that we want or need
somebody else to do:
I need this jacket dry-cleaned by tomorrow.
Would you like your fish grilled or fried?

GTammarReference G e•
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esult multi-media
's MultiROM with the Workbook Resource Pack includes
ok audio and access to two online FCEpractice tests at
[Link]
d Assessment Booklet with the Teacher's Pack includes
ers' analysis of real students practising for Faper 5 Speaking
Student's website for more practice:
[Link]/elt/result

ISBN 978·0-19·480027-3

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