Basic First Aid

Prequiz:
True or False?
After an accident, immediately move the
victim to a comfortable position.
If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
Signs of a heart attack include shortness
of breath, anxiety, and perspiration.
All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention
is necessary.

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What is FIRST AID?
FIRST AID is an immediate care
given to a person who has been
injured or suddenly taken ill. It
includes self-help and home
care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed.
Goals of First Aid
● ALLEVIATE SUFFERING
○ One of the main objectives is to be able to
help, to reduce, or to totally alleviate
suffering.
Goals of First Aid
● PREVENT FURTHER INJURY OR DANGER
○ This is to prevent the condition from worsening
or increase the danger of further injury.
Goals of First Aid
● PROLONG LIFE
○ First aid measures aim to prevent and sustain
life. This is also to save the victim from imminent
danger.
A good first aider is
GENTLE
○ They should not cause or inflict pain as much
as possible.

RESOURCEFUL
○ Makes the best use of things on hand.
A good first aider is
OBSERVANT
○ They should notice all signs and they must be
aware of what is happening and what may happen.

TACTFUL
○ They should handle the victim with utmost
care in a calm manner.
A good first aider is
EMPHATIC
○ They should be comforting.

RESPECTABLE
○ They must maintain a professional and caring
attitude.
General Guidelines in Administering First Aid
Getting started!
1. Planning of Action
Established based on anticipated
needs and available resources.

2. Gathering of needed materials.

Preparation of equipment and
personnel.
Getting started!
INITIAL A Ask for HELP!
RESPONSE
Intervene & give
I appropriate
interventions.

D Do no further
harm.
Safety First!
SURVEY THE SCENE
○ Is the scene safe? Safe for you and the
injured person?

○ What happened?

○ How many people are injured?

○ Are there people who can help?

○ Get consent before giving first aid care.

 PRIMARY SURVEY

C A B C
CONSCIOUSNESS AIRWAY BREATHING CIRCULATION
 Bleeding
• Stop the flow of
blood
• Wear gloves
• Cover the wound
• Apply pressure
• If a body part has
been amputated,
put it on ice

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 Shock
•Lay the victim
down
•Cover
•Raise feet
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 Anaphylactic Shock
•Give the victim
medication CDO 888
•Call for help ASAP RESCUE 411
•Start CPR if
necessary

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 Heart Attack
• Call 911
• Make victim comfortable
• Loosen tight clothing
• Check for medication
• Keep victim still
• Don’t give stimulants

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 Choking
• Ask a person to speak
or cough
• Deliver 5 back blows
• Perform abdominal
thrusts
• Repeat sequence of
back blows and
abdominal thrusts
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 If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
•Call 911
•Finger sweep
•Abdominal thrusts
•Check ABCs
•Perform CPR if
not breathing
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 Electrical Shock
Don’t touch!
Turn power off
Call 911
Remove person
from live wire
Check for breathing

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 Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR
Choking Elevate feet
No breathing Keep victim still
Heart attack Direct pressure
Shock Abdominal thrusts
Sweeten deal

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 Review
Do you understand first-aid
procedures for:
• No breathing?
• Bleeding?
• Shock?
• Heart attack?
• Choking?
• Electrical shock?

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 Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
• Cuts near eye
• Penetrating objects

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 Burns
• First-degree burns—Reddened,
painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring,
deep tissue damage

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 Exposure to
Hazardous Materials
• Eyes • Eyes
• Skin • Skin
• • Inhalation
Inhalation
• • Ingestion
Ingestion

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 Broken Bones
•Look
•Ask
•Treat for shock

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 Heat Exhaustion
• Move to cool place
• Lay victim down
• Elevate feet
• Loosen clothing
• Give fluids
• Apply cool
compresses
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 Heatstroke

• Immediately call 911

• Cool the person down
• Monitor

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 Fainting
• Check for breathing
• Administer CPR if necessary
• Call 911 if more than
a few minutes
• If conscious, lay the victim
down with feet elevated

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 Epileptic Seizures
• Remove victim from
hazards
• Check for breathing
• Nothing in the mouth
• Keep comfortable
• Call 911 if medical
assistance is needed

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 Multiple choice

Which is the worst a. First degree

kind of burn? b. Third degree
For a particle in a. Flush with water
the eye: b. Rub eye
For inhalation of a. Induce vomiting
vapors or gases: b. Move to fresh air
For heatstroke: a. Call 911
b. Don’t call 911

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 Review
Do you understand first-
aid procedures for:
• Eye injuries?
• Burns?
• Exposure to hazardous
materials?
• Broken bones?
• Heat exhaustion and
heatstroke?
• Fainting?
• Epileptic seizures?
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 Key Points to Remember
Medical emergencies can happen anytime.
Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.

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