Geography Mapwork Study Guide
This study guide covers the essential concepts and skills needed for mapwork in geography,
including scale, direction, distance, contour lines, and grid referencing.
1. Scale
Scale shows the relationship between distance on a map and the actual distance on the ground.
There are three types of scales:
- **Ratio Scale:** Expressed as 1:50 000, meaning 1 cm on the map represents 50 000 cm (500 m)
on the ground.
- **Line Scale:** A graphic representation showing distances.
- **Word Scale:** Describes the distance in words, e.g., "1 cm represents 500 m."
To calculate real distance using ratio scale:
Real Distance = Map Distance × Scale
2. Direction
Direction is determined using compass points:
- **Cardinal Points:** North, East, South, West.
- **Intermediate Points:** Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest.
To find direction, draw a line from one point to another and use the compass rose on the map.
3. Distance
There are two types of distance:
- **Straight-Line Distance:** Use a ruler to measure directly and multiply by the scale.
- **Curved Distance:** Use a string along the route, measure its length, and multiply by the scale.
4. Contour Lines and Topography
Contour lines show elevation and shape of the land:
- **Close Lines:** Steep slope.
- **Wide Lines:** Gentle slope.
- **Circular Lines:** Hills or depressions.
The difference between contour lines is the contour interval, shown in the map legend.
5. Grid Referencing
Grid referencing helps locate places on a map using grid squares:
- **4-Figure Reference:** Used for larger areas, e.g., 3417 (34 across, 17 up).
- **6-Figure Reference:** Used for precise locations, e.g., 345178 (34.5 across, 17.8 up).
Always read the eastings (horizontal) first, then the northings (vertical).
Conclusion
Mastering these mapwork skills will help you interpret maps accurately and answer exam questions
confidently. Practice measuring, calculating, and interpreting maps to reinforce your understanding.