Unit 2: Expressions, Formulae and Equations
I. Key Words
Topic Words Meaning Example
2.1 Constructing Expression A mathematical phrase with numbers, letters, and 8x + 6
expressions operations, but no equals sign
2.2 Using Formula/ A rule that shows the relationship between two or A = lw
expressions Formulae more quantities
/formulae (plural)
Substitute To replace a variable with a number If x = 4, then 2x
+1=9
2.3 Expanding Brackets Symbols used to group terms together (x + 3)(x - 2)
brackets
Expand To multiply out brackets 3(x + 4) = 3x +
12
2.4 Factorising Factorise To write an expression as a product of factors 3x + 12 = 3(x +
(reverse of expanding) 4)
2.5 Constructing Equation A statement with an equals sign showing two 2x + 3 = 9
and solving things are equal
equations
Solve To find the value of the unknown in an equation Solve 2x + 6 =
10 → x = 2
2.6. Inequalities Inequality A statement comparing values using <, >, ≤, ≥ x + 3 < 10
II. Key Content & Formulae
Key Formulae:
Formula Meaning (EN | VI)
P = 2(l + w) Perimeter of rectangle | Chu vi hình chữ nhật
A=l×w Area of rectangle | Diện tích hình chữ nhật
A=½bh Area of triangle | Diện tích tam giác
V=⅓bhl Volume of pyramid | Thể tích khối chóp
s = ut + ½at² Distance (motion) | Quãng đường chuyển động
t = 60m Time conversion: seconds in minutes | Chuyển đổi thời gian
P=R×H Pay = Rate × Hours | Tiền công = Tốc độ × Giờ làm
BMI = mass / height² Body Mass Index | Chỉ số khối cơ thể
h = 24d Hours in days | Số giờ trong ngày
C = πd Circumference of circle | Chu vi đường tròn
F = ma Force | Lực
V=½bhl Volume of triangular prism | Thể tích lăng trụ tam giác
Notes on symbols: l = length, w = width, b = base, h = height, V = volume, A = area, s =
distance, u = initial speed, v = velocity, a = acceleration, t = time, R = rate, H = hours,
C = circumference, d = diameter/days, m = mass.
2.1 Constructing expressions: Use letters representing numbers to write algebraic
expressions from words (double, halve, add, subtract).
2.2 Using expressions and formulae
Order of operations (BIDMAS: Brackets → Indices → Division/Multiplication →
Addition/Subtraction).
2.3 Expanding brackets: Distributive law: a(b + c) = ab + ac.
2.4 Factorising: Opposite of expanding brackets. Take out highest common factor.
2.5 Constructing and Solving Equations
Solving step-by-step with flow charts (inverse operations). Keep balance: what you
do to one side, do to the other. Rearranging to make a variable the subject.
2.6 Inequalities
• Symbols: <, >, ≤, ≥ and their meanings.
• Representing inequalities on number lines (open/closed circles).
• Combining two inequalities into a single range.
III. Review Questions – Guidelines
2.1 Constructing expressions
• Write expressions for situations described in words (double, halve, add, subtract).
• Match verbal descriptions with algebraic expressions.
• Write expressions for perimeter and area in algebraic form.
2.2 Using expressions and formulae
• Evaluate expressions for given values of variables.
• Substitute values into formulae.
• Use formulae to solve contextual problems (geometry, motion).
2.3 Expanding brackets
• Expand single brackets.
• Expand and simplify double brackets.
• Collect like terms after expanding.
2.4 Factorising
• Factorise simple expressions (take out common factor).
• Factorise quadratic-like terms (ax + ay = a(x + y)).
• Match expanded and factorised forms.
2.5 Constructing and Solving Equations
• Identify whether an expression is an expression, formula, or equation.
• Construct equations from word problems.
• Solve equations step-by-step (using inverse operations or flow charts).
• Rearrange formulae to make a given variable the subject.
2.6 Inequalities
• Write inequalities from words.
• Represent inequalities on number lines.
• Combine two inequalities into a single statement.
• Identify integer solutions of inequalities.